English Why is education

Pedagogical Module important?

2
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural
Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through
the Arts

-ED 5
pronunciation The first
Sports 6 Ecuadorian to win
Giro the d´Italia
Informal 4
writing Social Studies

7 British
schools
English
Second 3
conditional

Art
8 Oswaldo
Guayasamín
Past 2 Education
Malala Yousafzai
perfect
Yesterday Language
9 ´s life story
and
Past 1
continuous Today

Values

12 Gender 11 Achieve 10 Make

equality goals decisions

Education is a fundamental part of most Many people believe that education is a

societies around the world. During our studies, human right; it is something that all people in
we not only learn about different subjects like the world should have access to. We all
math, science, and social studies, but also life deserve a quality education. The famous blues
skills like negotiation and how to solve musician B.B. King once said, “The best thing
problems. Our education prepares us to be about education is that no one can take it away
successful in the future. from you.”

• Do you believe that education is a human right? Why or why

not?

• What does B.B. King’s phrase mean? Do you agree with it?
1
 Lesson A

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Sports
The first Ecuadorian to win the Giro d´Italia

Richard Carapaz
Movistar rider Richard Carapaz became the
first Ecuadorian to win the Giro d’Italia on
Sunday, June 2, 2019. He had finished fourth in
the Giro in 2018. The Ecuadorian became only
the second South American to win the Giro. His
Movistar teammate, Colombia’s Nairo Quintana,
was the first in 2014.
“This is the biggest moment of my sporting life
and it’s hard to explain it. I just suffered from start
to finish until I reached the arena in Verona,”
Carapaz told Eurosport.
While Carapaz crossed the finish line in front
of fans from his homeland at the Roman
amphitheater, he began his success on the
mountain slopes. He has become an Ecuadorian

Wikipedia / Filip
hero.

Bossuyt
Source: Richard Carapaz becomes first Ecuadorian to win Giro
d’Italia BBC Sport. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://bbc.in/2wSMh8V

Interesting Fact
Did you know that Richard Carapaz
has a cycling school for children?
The school motto is: Look, imitate, and exceed!
The school is located in the Julio Andrade
parish in Tulcán, Carchi. There, children
and teens train and look up to Richard as
their biggest hero and their inspiration.
They train very hard to become like him
some day.

With a partner, discuss the following

questions. Write some notes in your
notebook. Then, share your answers as a
class. Do you all agree?

• Why do you think Richard Carapaz

is an inspiration for some
Ecuadorians?

• What makes a sports figure be admired

by so many people?

• Do you think famous sports figures should

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2
 Oral Communication
Grammar Note

In life, sometimes things happen that are unpredictable. Jimmy’s situation is in

Think about a day that you experienced something the past ( I felt really
unplanned that changed the rest of your day, for better or tired...
for worse. In groups of 3-4 students, discuss your I took the bus…).
experiences.
When we talk about events
At the school cafeteria Jimmy is telling his friend Bryan about that happened before these
an awful day he had yesterday. past actions, we use the
past perfect. Example:
1. Sarah and I had
been to a party the
evening before.
2. I had left my
mathematics project
at home.
These actions happened
before Jimmy took the bus.
When we talk about
something that
happened in the past we
sometimes want to refer
back
to something that
Vasiliybudarin

happened before that time.

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We can use the past

perfect tense (had + past

Watch your pronuntiation!

Listen to Jimmy talk about his situation and answer the ED-Ending sounds
questions that follow in complete sentences.
In the simple past,
1. Why did Jimmy feel tired?
regular verbs end in ‘ed’
and there are three
different ways of
pronouncing these two
2. What time had Jimmy gone to bed the night letters - / Id /, / d / and / t /.
before?
Regular verbs that end
in the sound / t / or / d
/, in the past simple the
3. What had Jimmy left at ‘ed’
home?
ending is pronounced / Id /.
Here are some examples:
start – started,
4. Where did Jimmy think he had left his invite – invited,
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homework? want –wanted,

need – needed,
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3
Reading

Social Studies
Do you think teens are the same around the world?

Before reading, look at a map of the

world and locate the United Kingdom
(UK). Then, answer these questions.
Circle the best option.

• Great Britain is located in:

a. Europe b. South America c. Asia

• The United Kingdom of Great Britain is

made up of four countries:
a. England, Scotland, Wales, and N. Ireland
b. France, England, Cardiff, and London
c. England, Belgium, France, and Ireland

Teens in Great Britain

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School
British teenagers spend most of their time at
school. When they are 16, most students take their
first important exams, the GCSEs. They spend 2-3 Complete the sentences according to
hours on homework after school. Forget watching the text. Use your own words.
TV! 1. Wearing a school uniform is a positive

Uniforms thing; but

Visit almost any school in the UK and the first 2. British teens don’t watch TV because
thing you’ll notice is the school uniform.
Although wearing a school uniform has its
advantages, most teenagers don’t like it. 3. British teens spend more time online
because
Bullies
Most teenagers say they have been bullied because
4. Teens are
of their race, looks, intelligence, school uniforms, etc.
when they take
Clothes GCSEs.
Some teens judge you by the shirt or shoes you
wear; many teens believe it’s important to wear 5. Forty percent of teens in the UK
designer labels.
6. Text-bullying is
Mobile phones
British teens love to chat. Mobile phones are
essential for most of them. The majority of teens 7. For British teens, music is
have one, although text-bullying is also a new and
worrying trend.
Free time
Many British teens are passionate about music.
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They love going out, but bars and clubs have

strict rules for teens under 18. It’s no surprise that
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they spend a lot of time online.

4
Writing
An Email

In groups of 2-3 students, make a list of topics that are

important for teenagers in your country. You can look at the
reading on the previous page to get some ideas.

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You are going to write an email to a British teenager to
When you finish writing
tell him or her what it is like to be a teenager in
your email, get in groups
Ecuador. Choose three of the topics that you discussed
of three and exchange
with your group to include
your emails.
in your email. Write 80-90 words.
Read your partner’s
emails and give each
other feedback. If you
think you can improve
From: (your your email, include all the
suggestions and turn in
name) To: (British friend’s a final draft to your teacher.

name) Subject: What it is like to be a teenager in

Ecuador

Date:
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5
Language Through the Arts

Art
Do you have a favorite artist?

Oswaldo Guayasamin
Oswaldo Guayasamin was an Ecuadorian
painter and sculptor who dedicated his life to art.
He won a prize from the United Nations for his
devotion to peace through his work. His art
reflects the pain and misery of mankind and
speaks against violence in the 20th century.
Guayasamin died in 1999. In 2002,
Guayasamin’s architectural masterpiece The
Chapel of Man was completed and opened to
the public.

arlecoproducciones
Flickr / Melanie García

Flickr /
Robles

Oswaldo Guayasamin – El Grito no. 2,

1983 Oswaldo Guayasamin’s first exhibition in 1942
caused a scandal because of its social criticism. After reading Oswaldo Guayasamin’s
biography, discuss the following
questions.

1. Which of these paintings have you seen

before?

2. Do you like his artwork? Why or why not?

Look for more information about

Guayasamín. Write three new facts that
you find interesting about him. Also,
choose your favorite painting and explain
why you like it and what it represents. Be
prepared to share your ideas with the

Vocabulary
sculptor. artist who makes sculptures
gsmattingly
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misery. extreme sadness often

together with poverty
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Oswaldo Guayasamin – Niño Dormido, masterpiece. an artist’s most

1978 The “Trail of Tears” series revolves around the
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important piece of work

theme
of indigenous, black, and mestizo populations in America.
6
 Oral Communication
Teacher's Advice

Match the definition with the correct words and

phrases. Some words do not have definitions.

Words
Definitions
and
phrases

1.plenty of
a.An opinion or recommendation
about what someone should do: 2.repetition
3.anxious
b.Feel a desire to do something:

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4.to cover
c. A good amount of: something

k
up
d.The act of doing something again:
5.advice Grammar Note
e.Very worried:
6.be tempted to
Past Perfect
f. A short walk around
7.a stroll
your small section of around the We can use the past
the city: block
perfect tense (had + past
participle) to talk about an
event that happened
Listen to a teacher give students advice on taking an before another in the past.
exam. Take notes on what she says by filling the
columns with things they should DO and NOT DO. Look at these sentences:
1. Jimmy left the
Do Not Do house at 9:30
yesterday morning.
2. Paula rang
Jimmy’s doorbell
at 10:15 yesterday
morning.
Both actions happened
in the past so we use the
past simple tense. But
see how we can
combine
the sentences:
3. Paula rang
Watch your pronuntiation! Jimmy’s doorbell
ED-Ending sounds
at 10:15
yesterday, but
The pronunciation of the ‘ed’ ending depends on whether the Jimmy had
last sound of the base verb is voiced or not voiced. This already left the
means that if there is vibration in your vocal chords when you
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pronounce the last sound, then the -ed will be pronounced /d/.
house.
We use the past perfect
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Examples: smiled, turned, loved, seemed.

(had left) because the
7
 Lesson B

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Language
Value: Gender equality

Do girls and boys have the same opportunties in education in Ecuador?

In groups of three students,

discuss the following topics:

1. What is education like in Ecuador?

Wikimedia / Southbank
2. Do all girls and boys attend school
equally?

3. Is Malala an inspiration for girls

Centre
around the world?

Then, in the same groups, compare and

Malala Yousafzai’s Life Story contrast Ecuadorian and Pakistani
education. Complete this Venn diagram.
1997. I was born in Mingora, Pakistan on July You can use Malala’s story but you might
12, 1997. Welcoming a baby girl is not always have to search for additional information
cause for celebration in Pakistan, but my father, to complete the diagram.
Ziauddin Yousafzai, was determined to give me
every opportunity a boy would have.
2008. My father was a teacher and ran a girls’
school in our village. I loved school, but
everything changed when the Taliban took control
of our town. The extremists banned many things
like television and playing music. They said girls
could no longer go to school. In January 2008,
when I was just 11 years old, I said goodbye to
my classmates, not knowing when, if ever, I
would see them again.
2012. I spoke publicly on behalf of girls and
our right to learn, and this made me a target.
In October 2012, on my way home from school,
a masked gunman boarded my school bus and
asked, “Who is Malala?” He shot me on the
left side of my head. I woke up 10 days later Pakista
n
in a hospital in England.
2018. Now I am studying at the University
of Oxford. Every day I fight to ensure that all girls Vocabulary
receive 12 years of free, safe, quality education.
I am determined to fight until every girl can banned. prohibited
go to school. With my father I established the no longer. not anymore
Malala Fund, a charity dedicated to giving every
masked. wearing a mask
girl an opportunity to have the future she chooses.
Because of this, I received the Nobel Peace Prize boarded. got on
in December 2014 and became the youngest ever
ensure. be sure that
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Nobel Prize winner.

charity. organization that receives
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Source: Taken and adapted from: Malala’s story | Malala Fund. (n.d.). donations and helps a cause
Retrieved from https://www.malala.org/malalas-story

8
 Oral Communication

Grammar Note
Pretend Jimmy (an Ecuadorian student) has the opportunity
to talk on the phone with Malala. Jimmy called the Malala When we use the simple past
Fund because he is interested in becoming a volunteer. and past perfect together,
Jimmy is in Ecuador and Malala is in Oxford, UK. Jimmy asks we use the past perfect
Malala about her accident, her university, her ideals, her for what happened
family, and her Nobel Peace Prize.
earlier.
Create a dialogue between Jimmy and Malala. Be sure to use
at least four verbs in the past perfect. Your dialogue should 1. When Jimmy turned
be two minutes long. Perform it in front of the class. the TV on, the
program started. He
was just
in time.
2. When Jimmy turned
the TV on, the

Wikipedi
program had already
started.

a
He missed the beginning.
When one past action
“I tell my story not follows another one, both
because it is unique,
but because it is the can be in simple past or
story of many girls.” one in past perfect.
Malala
Example:
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1. My father had
Jimmy: arrived or arrived at
the store before it
Malala:
opened.
Watch your pronunciation!

ED-Ending sounds

When ‘-ed’ is added

to regular verbs that
end in unvoiced
sounds, the
‘-ed’ is pronounced /t/.
Here are some
examples.

jump - jumped

kiss – kissed

wash -

washed look -

looked watch
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Language Through the Arts
In what way are songs like poems?

Poems as Song Lyrics

Read these song lyrics out loud with your class.
As you read, underline any words you don't
understand. Can you guess what they mean from
the context?

“Set Fire to the Rain” by

Adele I let it fall, my heart

And as it fell, you rose to claim it
It was dark, and I was over
Until you kissed my lips and you saved me

My hands, they were strong

But my knees were far too
weak To stand in your arms

Wikipedia /
marcen27
Without falling to your feet

But there’s a side to you

That I never knew, never
knew All the things you’d Interesting Facts
say
They were never true, never Here there are some quick facts and a short
true And the games you’d play biography to learn more about this artist.
You would always win, always win
Nickname: Adele Birthday: May 5,
Chorus
1988 Nationality: British Zodiac Sign:
But I set fire to the rain
Watched it pour as I touched your Taurus Also Known as: Adele Laurie Blue
face Well, it burned while I cried
‘Cause I heard it screaming out your Adkins
name, your name!

When I lay with

you I could stay After you read the lyrics,
there Close my answer the following
eyes questions.
Feel you here
forever You and 1. Who is “you” in this song?
me together
Nothing is better 2. What does the song make you feel?

3. Can you find any words in the song that

‘Cause there’s a side to you rhyme? Do all songs need to have
That I never knew, never
knew All the things you’d
say
They were never true, never After class, find the lyrics to a song that you
true And the games you’d play like and bring them to class the next day.
You would always win, always win Share the lyrics with your class. Tell
everyone who sings the song a little
Chorus information about the artist and what the
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Sometimes I wake up by the door song is about.

That heart you caught must be waiting
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for you Even now, when we’re already Note: The lyrics must be appropriate to be
over shared in class with students under 18 and
I can’t help myself from looking for teachers.
10
 Oral Communication

Think about some questions you would ask your

favorite artist if you could meet him or her. Discuss
them in small groups.
What kind of information would you and your classmates like to

Listen to a podcast where a fan talks about her favorite

celebrity. Answer the questions in your own words based
on what you hear.

1. Who is the celebrity mentioned in this podcast?

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2. Mention three things that make her

k
special.
Fans at a concert

3. What are her husband´s and son´s

names?

4. How many albums does she

have?

5. What did she receive a songwriting

Oscar for?

• Listen to your teacher read the following words.

Categorize the words according to their sounds in the
correct column below.

started - smiled - turned - crunched - loved - seemed -

lived chilled - enjoyed - tried - invited - decided -
hated - dated seated - jumped - kissed - washed -
looked - watched shopped - picked - wished -
needed - wanted
[Id] [d] [t]
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Reading

Is slavery a thing of the past?

Slavery
Text 1
Discuss the following questions in
groups of three or four students. Most ancient cultures had slaves. They bought
and sold humans and forced them to work without
a. What is slavery? being paid. The Great Pyramids in Egypt were
b. Is slavery still a problem built with slave labor. By the 16th century,
today? Why/why not? Europeans started to trade slaves from Africa. The
European traders took goods to Africa, then goods
c. Does slavery have any
connection with education? were exchanged for slaves and the slaves were taken
to the West Indies and North America. Finally,
they were sold in order to work growing
sugarcane, tobacco, coffee, and cotton.
How do you think each picture is
Text 2
related to slavery? Discuss them as
a class. The Slave Trade made a lot of money for
A B Europeans, though it was abolished in 1807.
However, slavery did not end; it continues to exist
around the world in many different ways,
factories force children to work, workers are
paid less than 50 cents an hour; the cost of buying
clothes is getting cheaper, but who is paying the
price?
Text 3
C D
Food is another product that may involve
slavery, especially chocolate. Cocoa is often grown
by child slaves, some of whom have been stolen
from their families. Consumers should start
asking more questions about where the products
they buy come from, and exactly how they are
produced.
E F

Look at the pictures on the left. Match

them with the text that they best
correspond to. A text can have more
than one picture.

Text 1

G Text 2

Text 3
Vocabulary
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trade. to exchange goods and services

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abolished. forbidden, eliminated,

prohibited stolen. taken without

permission
12
 Writing
The Importance of Punctuation

Tip
It is important to be sure that you use good punctuation
so that your writing can be better understood. When writing it is
essential to pay close
Look at this letter from Paul to his friend
Jimmy. Fix the punctuation and capital attention to punctuation.
letters.
Capital letters are
used at the beginning
dear Jimmy
of sentences,
Thank you for your ideas. My teacher for someone’s name,
really appreciates your personal and the pronoun I.
opinion about slavery. like you she
thinks that the They are also used
statistics presented by the international for names of places,
labor organization are a big alert for days
countries such as Ecuador: 170 million of the week, and months.
children are doing work which is

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unacceptable for their age. Commas are used

k
Regards between two halves of a
sentence before the
paul
words: but, so, and, for,
Write a short note to your teacher about how you feel nor, yet. You can also use
about child labor. Pay special attention to your commas between items in
punctuation and capital letters. Follow the rules in the
margin.
lists as well
as at the beginning
and end of letters.

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13
Assessment
Actividades
evaluativas

Achievement Level - Listening

Individual activity

1 You will hear a radio interview with the manager of a summer

camp. For each question, choose the correct answer.
1. This year, the Youth Camp will run for...
a. six weeks b. four weeks c. eight weeks
2. The problem last year was that...
a.a lot of people wanted to attend.
b.there were few workers.
c.there was nothing to do on rainy days.
3. This year for the first time, kids will...
a. do artistic activities b. play new outdoor sports c. organize events

Achievement Level - Reading

Individual activity

2 The people below are choosing a movie to watch for the evening. You will find
descriptions of three movies. Decide which movie would be the most suitable
for each person. Write the answer in the blank space.

1. Movie: a. Lonely Lives

Maria enjoys watching films that When ex-soccer player Marco Valencia returns
scare her, if they are well made. home for a friend’s wedding, the memories
She doesn’t like to be able to guess of his thirteenth birthday came back.
what’s going to happen. Most of the film happens in the 1960s and
it’s about a lonely boy who becomes friends
with a lonely man. There are no surprises
2. Movie: in the film, but it’s well made and
Rafaela prefers serious films that are entertaining.
about people and relationships.
She likes watching stories that take
b. A Million Dollars
What do a teacher, an ex-criminal,
place in the past.
a policeman, and a dentist have in common?
They’re all searching for a million dollars
3. Movie: in cash! The only question is- who’s
going to get it? A simple story with fast
Antonio has a stressful job and
action and great comedy!
relaxes by watching fun films
that entertain him and are easy c. A True Wish
to understand. He likes to laugh When Martha wishes that the mean girls
and he likes to guess what’s going at school would disappear, her wish
to happen! comes true! She makes another wish and
then another. Soon Martha is controlling
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her school, her family and her town! This

is
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a frightening story with many surprises!

14
 Módulo pedagógico Why is education important?

Achievement Level - Speaking

Group activity

3 Your teacher has asked you for ideas to improve your school. Look at the
pictures and talk about what improvements you think would be most
useful.

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Achievement Level - Writing
Individual activity

4 You are going to spend a day in Quito next Saturday. Write an email to
your friend Helen who lives in Quito. In your email of 60-75 words, you
must:
• say what you would like to do in the city
• tell her what time you are arriving
• suggest where to meet

I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it I can’t do it
Topics I do it very well I can improve
somewhat well without help

Interview a famous person

Listen to a teacher give students advice

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Read short texts about education and slavery

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Use the past perfect and the simple past

15
 Project 1

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Teen Education: Yesterday and Today

Education and In groups of three students, you are going to interview three
teenagers today people older than 60 years old. They can be your grandparents, a
neighbor, or a teacher at school. The goal is to learn about how
education and teenagers were
in the past.

Step 1

Prepare an interview with 12 clear questions. The questions

must be written directly in English and your teacher must
check them first.

In the questionnaire prepare, a section for general

information (Name, birthdate, age, place of birth). The topics
of the questions can be: school, school uniforms, bullies,
clothes and looks, communication, free time (sports and
games).

Step 2

When your questionnaire is ready, you must find three people to

interview. Try to find people who speak English. If you can’t, you
will have to translate the questionnaire from English to the
language these people speak.
If possible, record the interview or take as many notes as
possible about their answers. Draw a picture of each person
or take a picture.
Education and
teenagers in the Step 3
past
Prepare a paper poster or a PowerPoint (PPT) presentation
where you present the answers of the interview. Include the
drawings or pictures you got the day of the interview. Present
it to your teacher and classmates so everybody can learn how
education was in the past.

In your poster or PPT include a Venn Diagram where you

identify similarities and differences about education and
teenagers in the past, and education and teenagers
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today.
ence
16
 Let's Review

Past Perfect
Past Perfect vs. Simple Past

Which event was first, a or b? Choose one of the verbs in the box and
Circle the event that happened complete the sentences with the past perfect or
the simple past form.
first.
rescue - see- find out - eat - hear
1. Manuel called you at home yesterday, but
you had already gone to your karate
lessons. 1. When Paul came home,

b. Manuel called you. I already dinner.

c. You went to your karate lessons. 2. When my mother arrived at 11 a.m, she

2. Jennifer had to go back to school the cat on the roof. When I

because she had left her house keys in
arrived at 12 p.m., the firefighters already
her locker.
the cat.
c. Jennifer went back to school.
3. When Camila called you, she already
d. Jennifer left her house keys in her locker.
about the accident. When Paul
3. Fabian Zurita had reached the top of
the Cotopaxi volcano when it started to called you, he about the accident.
rain.
d. Fabian Zurita reached the top of
the Cotopaxi volcano.
e. It started to rain.
4. The bus had already left by the time my
family and I arrived at the bus station.
e. The bus left.
f. We arrived at the bus station.

Reading

After learning about Richard Carapaz,

Malala Yousafzai, and Oswaldo
Guayasamin, answer the following
questions.
1. What do these three people have in common?

2. Read their stories again and write down

their most important contribution.
Richard Carapaz: Freepi
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ercial
Non-
Malala Yousafzai:
Oswaldo Guayasamín:

17
 Lesson C

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Are you organized?

Read the following blog written by Lily

who invites people to share some tips to
teach each other better study skills.

Posted 2 hours ago by Lily:

I have always admired students who hand their
homework in on time and never forget to do it.
Me, on the other hand... OK, I admit it. I am
terrible at getting myself organized!

But lately I have started keeping a small study

diary. I write down everything I need to do and
when it needs to be done by. Then, I write a
reminder a few days before the date just in case. It
is helping.

So I was wondering, what are your tips for Freepik /

Vectorpouch
getting organized? Post a comment below. I hope
we can all share some tips to teach each other
better study skills.
Check your understanding. Circle
Alicia True (T) or False (F) for these
Good question, Lily. I sentences.
always spend about five T F
1. Lily is very good at
minutes at the end of the day handing in her
cleaning up the desktop on homework on time. T F
my computer. I make a backup
2. Lily writes down the date
of important documents. I T F
she has to hand in her
eliminate things I don’t need homework.
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any more and have everything

3. Alicia cleans her T F
in the correct folder.
computer desktop
T F
twice a day.
George
Lily, the most important 4. Lily thinks Alicia’s tip is good.
T F
thing is to start studying a few
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benzoix

5. George thinks the date

weeks before the exams and not you start studying is
leave it until the night before!
That’s just common sense, I
think.
Do you have any tips to be an organized
Lily student? Write them here, then discuss them
Alicia and George, thanks as a class.
for your advice! Making My tips
backups sounds like a very
interesting and useful idea. Not 1.
Freepik / nensuria

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leaving things for the last 2.

minute is certainly the hardest
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3.
part! I promise I will try my
best!
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 Oral Communication
Difficult Situations Value: Achieve goals

Tip
Match the item from the column on the left with the
corresponding one from the column on the right to describe When someone explains
some difficult situations. a difficult situation they
a. Your bus are experiencing, like
dies Jennifer and Simon,
b. You fail
breaks up with there are different
c. Your cat phrases we can use
you an exam
to show that we care.
d. Your
boyfriend/girlfriend never arrived and you
arrived late to school We can say, “I’m very
e. You forget sorry that you are going
your keys inside your
f. Someone steals through this” or “I
house your cellphone understand
how you feel. I
empathize with you.”
This shows the person
that we care about him
or her.
We can also offer our
help by saying, “If there
is anything I can do for
you, just let me know.”
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Student fails an exam Boy with his dog

Listen to two situations that Jennifer and Simon have

experienced. Complete the sentences with the
information.

• Jennifer’s problem is that

• Jennifer proposes a solution, which is

• Simon’s problem is that

• Simon says that his dog was

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Reading

What do you think school is like in other parts of the world?

Japanese and American Schools

Read about some differences between the school system in Japan and
Match the words with
the United States.
the corresponding
picture. In Japan, the school year begins in April and ends in March.
a.street clothes In the US, it starts in August and ends in June. There are no school
b.uniform buses in Japan. Schools are close enough for students to walk there.
c. janitor
d. school bus
In Japan, public elementary school kids wear street clothes,
like in US schools. But in junior high, they wear a school uniform.
e.slippers
In Japanese schools, everyone must remove their shoes at the
entrance and change into slippers.
Japanese students stand and greet their teacher at the beginning
and end of each class.
In US schools, cafeteria workers prepare the school lunches
and serve the students, but in Japan, the cooks cook the lunch and
students take turns serving lunch to their classmates. Students
eat lunch in their classroom at their desk. There are no janitors
in Japanese schools; students clean their school every day.
Summer vacation is about five weeks in Japan. In the US, it is ten
weeks. During summer vacation, Japanese students go to school
many times for their school club; they must do a lot of homework.

Complete the following graphic organizer with

differences and similarities between the Japanese and
US education system.
In In USA
Japan

In Japan and in the

USA
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Vocabulary
junior high. the years of
school between
elementary school and
high school. Students
are usually 11-13 years old

slippers. footwear
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that you use in the

house
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janitors. people who

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 Writing
My First Blog
When blogs first appeared in 1994, they were more of a personal
diary that people shared online. In this online journal, you could
talk about your daily life or share things you do. But then people
saw them as an opportunity to communicate any information
in a new way. So began the amazing world of blogging. A blog
(short for “weblog”) is an online journal or informational website that
presents information in reverse chronological order, with latest posts
appearing first. It is a platform where a writer or even a group of
writers share their views on a specific subject.

Source: What is a Blog? - Explanation of Terms Blog, Blogging & Blogger (2019). (2019, April 29). Retrieved from
https://firstsiteguide.com/what-is-blog/

You are going to write your own short blog about

something
interesting, sad, or exciting that happened at your
school. Be sure to talk about when it was and what
happened.
You should write 50-60 words.

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Blog
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Your teacher will put the blogs on the walls. Walk

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around the room and on small pieces of paper you

are going
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to post a comment or an opinion on your

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classmates’ blogs. Choose at least five blogs to

21
Language Through the Arts
Do you have a favorite song in English?

"If You Were a Sailboat"

by Katie Melua
This poem uses a lot of metaphors, words
Commonly, songs come from poems and some that are symbolic. Choose two of them and
poems come from songs. Here is an example. illustrate them here.
Read this poem out loud.

If you were a cowboy, I would trail

you, If you were a piece of wood, I
would nail you to the floor.
If you were a sailboat, I would sail you to
the shore. If you were a river, I would swim
you,
If you were a house, I would live in you all my
days.
If you were a preacher, I would
begin to change my ways.

Sometimes I believe in
fate, But the chances we
create, Always seem to
ring more true.
You took a chance on loving
me, I took a chance on
loving you.

If I was in jail, I know you would spring me

If I was a telephone, you would ring me all day
long.
If was in pain, I know you would
sing me soothing songs.

Sometimes I believe in Can you think of another metaphor like

fate, But the chances we the ones in the poem that you can use to
create, Always seem to refer to two people in love?
ring more true.
You took a chance on loving
me, I took a chance on
loving you.

If I was hungry, you would feed me

If I was in darkness, you would lead me to the Vocabulary
light.
sail. to ride on a sailboat
Grammar Note
preacher. a person who gives many
Notice how the poem repeats the speeches, sometimes a religious figure
words “if” and “would”. These words
fate. destiny
are used for hypothetical - or unreal -
situations. jail. prison
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spring. in this context, to free someone from

jail soothing. relaxing

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 Oral Communication
First Day of Class

Grammar Note
Do you remember your first day of class ever? And from Second Conditional
this school year? Discuss your memories with a
classmate. The second conditional
is used for hypothetical
situations in the present.
Second conditional structure
for positive sentences:
Condition clause
If + V(Simple Past) +C,
Result clause
S+could/would/might +
V(Base form) + C
Example:

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If Japanese students had
k
Students talking a janitor, they would
not be so disciplined.
If students could
Listen to a conversation between two friends on the teach their class, they
first day of classes. Choose the best answer for each
item. would do things
differently.
1. Emilia: How was your summer
holiday? Peter: a. Yeah,
aceptable thank you.
b. Not bad
c. Yeah, good thanks … and yours?

2. Emilia: How’s your first day back at school

going? Peter: a. It was fantastic. I love it!
b. Oh… OK. Just had Chemistry. It was awful.
c. Not bad

3. Emilia: Who is your Science

teacher? Peter: a. Mr.
Martinez.
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b. Mr. Gómez
c. Miss García
Think of what Peter could do to be a better student. Complete
these sentences using the second conditional.

If Peter , he would do better in Chemistry.

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If Peter didn’t complain so much about homework, he

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 Lesson D

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Why do you think there are not as many famous women painters as men?

Frida Kahlo
Frida Kahlo was a Mexican painter. She was born in Mexico
City in 1907. She painted many self-portraits and paintings of
Wikipedia / Kalho G.-
Mexican folklore. Frida went to the prestigious Escuela Preparatoria
in Mexico City in 1922. At that time, there were not many girls
at this school. In 1925, at the age of eighteen, Frida had a terrible
Sotheby’s

traffic accident. She couldn’t walk for a long time, so she started to
paint. In 1929, she married the painter Diego Rivera. The next year,
they moved to New York, but Frida was not happy there. They
returned to Mexico in 1935. Frida won a national art prize in 1946,
and she became famous in Mexico. She died in 1954, when she
was only 47 years old.
Eight days before her death in July 1954, Frida Kahlo completed
what is popularly thought to have been her final painting: Viva la
Vida. “Long Live Life” is a bright and vibrant celebration of life as
being both simple and complex.
Frida Kahlo

Answer the questions. Write complete

sentences.

1. When was Frida Kahlo born?

2. Where did she go to

Flickr / Tu Bicentenario

school?

3. What happened to Frida in

1925?

Frida’s school

4. Did Frida enjoy her time in New

York?

5. When did Frida win a national

prize?

6. Why do you think there were not very many girls in her
Flickr / m3dha

school?

Viva la Vida (Long Live Life)

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Oral Communication
How well do you know your partner?

Grammar Note
Sometimes we think we know the people that we have
spent many years in school with, but that is not always
As well as the simple
the case.
You are going to play a game to see how well you really past, we can use the past
know one of your classmates. continuous in the if-clause.
Form groups of two students. You and your partner will Ex: If the kids were playing
take turns completing each one of the sentences with instead of sleeping, it wouldn’t
information you think
be so quiet in here right now.
is true for your partner, saying each one out loud. For
example, “If you could have any pet, I think you’d have… a In second conditional we
tiger.” Every student should read every sentence and
complete it. As you complete each sentence about your
sometimes use were
partner, your partner will tell you if he/she agrees with you. instead of was, especially
in the clause if I were you.
1. If you could meet a famous person, I think you’d like to
meet… Ex: If Simon were playing
2. If you could have any pet, I think you’d have… his guitar, it wouldn’t be
so quiet in here.
3. If you were given unlimited money to buy one
object, I think you’d buy… If I were you, I would
ask the teacher for
4. If you could eat anything you liked this
evening, I think you’d eat… advice.

5. If you could have a special talent, I think

you’d like to be able to…

6. If you could have any job in the world, I think you’d like to
be…

7. If you could be an animal, I think you’d be…

8. If you could live anywhere in the world, I think you’d

live…

9. If you could have a super power, I think you’d

choose to be able to…

10. If you could go to a concert tonight, I think you’d go and

see…

11. If you could try a new sport, I think you’d try…

12. If you could learn to play a musical

instrument, I think you’d learn to play…

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 Now create two sentences of your own using the second
conditional and complete them for what you think is true for
your partner.
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Reading
What do you like to do for fun?

Amusement Park
Posted by Lorena
Yesterday was fantastic! We went on our end-of-the-year trip
to the amusement park in Guayaquil. The park is called Fantasy
Land. I had to get up so early though, since the bus picked us up
from school at 7 a.m.!
Can you believe that Pablo nearly missed the bus? He was
running down the street shouting and luckily Mr. Gómez, the
teacher, saw him and stopped the bus. The journey was awful.
There was an accident on the highway and we were in a traffic
jam for ages, so we got to the park really late and there were already
Freepik

huge lines for all the rides.

Friends having fun at the amusement park The rides were fantastic! I went on the X Roller Coaster, which
is totally crazy! It goes so fast and I felt really dizzy when it
stopped. Guess what? Luisa vomited all over herself. Disgusting!
Vocabulary
journey. trip
After lunch we went on the water rides, my favorite! We got so
wet! They took a picture of us on the ride and I had my eyes closed
dizzy. a feeling that you and was screaming with my mouth wide open. It was such an
cannot stand still, like embarrassing picture, and then Helena bought it and showed it to
you are going to fall
everyone. How embarrassing! Anyway, I took a lot of pictures too!

Check your understanding. After reading

Lorena’s blog, write True (T) or False (F) for
these sentences.

1. Lorena had to get up so early since the

bus picked students up from school at 5
a.m.

2. Pablo nearly missed the bus.

3. Mr. Gómez, the teacher, saw Pablo and stopped

the bus.

4. The highway had no traffic jams, so we

got to the park really early.

5. Luisa vomited all over herself. It was disgusting.

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Writing
My Class Trip

Grammar Note
Discuss these questions with a partner to brainstorm Remember that we use
some ideas before writing. adjectives to describe
a. Have you ever been on a class trip with your nouns. Adjectives
classmates and teacher? can have many
forms in English.
b. If you have, what was the purpose of the trip?
There are many
c. Where would you like to go if you could choose anywhere? adjectives that end
in -ing, but they
are not verbs. Words
like interesting, boring,
exciting describe nouns,
Imagine that you are the class president and you can choose
where to go for your class trip. Write a letter to your
like
principal (60-75 words) to propose the next class trip. a movie, for example.
Explain where you should go, why
you should go there, and what you can do there. Be sure to There are also
start with “Dear Principal,” and write formally. adjectives that end in -
ed. They are not simple
Use at least five of the following words in your writing.
past verbs.
funny - disgusting - embarrassing - annoying - Words like interested,
boring awesome - scary - amazing - fantastic - bored, excited describe
interesting friendly - awful - cool - terrible - how people feel.
Example: The class was
not very interesting
yesterday, so I was bored.
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Language Through the Arts
Value: Gender
equality
Do you think that women are as good as men at science?

Women and Girls in Science

Eugenia Maria del Pino Veintimilla
In 2016, the UN declared February 11th the International Day
Discuss these
questions in mix
of Women and Girls in Science.
gender groups The main reason for this declaration was to encourage more girls
• Do you think women and women to get jobs in the fields of science, technology,
should be scientists or engineering, and mathematics.
engineers?
Figures show that although there is no significant difference
• If you are a girl,
in ability between boys and girls in math and science, less than
would you like to be
a scientist or an 35 percent of graduates in these fields worldwide are women and
engineer? there are even fewer in engineering and information technology.
• Do you know a woman Why is it important to involve more women and girls in science?
who is a scientist or an When one group of people dominates a field of study, whether it’s
engineer? an age group, a cultural group, or a gender, there is danger of
creating a narrow view of the subject. Including more women in
Vocabulary
male- dominated areas will bring in fresh points of view, new talent,
encourage. give support, and creativity. It can also help increase women’s social and financial
stimulate position in some countries.
fields. areas
Around the world there are not many women scientists; Ecuador
worldwide. around the is not an exception. However, there is an internationally-recognized
world narrow. not wide, Ecuadorian female scientist.

small Eugenia Maria del Pino Veintimilla (born in 1945 in Quito,

Ecuador) is a development biologist at the Pontifical Catholic
University of Ecuador. She was the first Ecuadorian to be elected
to the United States National Academy of Sciences (2006).

After reading about

women and girls in
science, discuss the
following questions
Commons/Profmartinblum

in small groups.

What can we do to
encourage more girls to
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study science?

Why do you think less

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Eugenia María del Pino Veintimilla

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 Oral Communication

Grammar Note
• What do you know about bees?
The main clause often
• Have you ever imagined the world without bees? has would. We can also
use could or might.
Ex: If Marisol worked
harder, she might do even
better in her studies.
The if-clause usually comes
first, but it can come after
the result clause.
Ex:
If I saw him, I would tell you.
/ I would tell you if I saw
him.

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Column A Column B

• What could happen a. could help fill the gap.

• If honey bees didn’t exist, b. what would we do?

c. we wouldn’t die but
• So Dr. Smith if there life would be a lot
weren’t any honey more difficult.
bees,
• If that ever d. if there weren’t other
happened, some kinds of bees, flies
other creatures and butterflies that
pollinate?
• If pesticides and
e. there would be
parasites weren’t more bees and
killing honey bees vegetation in the
world.
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Actividades
Assessment
evaluativas

Achievement Level - Reading

Individual activity

1 The people below all want to go out for a meal. Read the five
descriptions of restaurants (A-E). Decide which restaurant would be
the most suitable for each person or group (1-5).

a. The Golden 1. Fausto is traveling alone

Castle, Station and needs somewhere to
Road eat dinner. He is looking
Open midday to midnight. A for a quiet restaurant
lively and amusing place for a where he can try typical
meal.
local food. He isn’t
Traditional local food, special foreign
dishes, and vegetarian. Special
worried about how much it
discounts for groups and parties. costs.
Live music options. Children welcome.
2. Alicia and Margarita
b. The Singing Parrot, want to find somewhere
Station Road that serves snacks during
Our experienced chefs prepare real the day. They don’t want
Colombian and Venezuelan food at to spend a long time there.
unbelievably low prices. You will always
remember a meal you have eaten here 3. The Gómez family needs
and will want to come back again a restaurant where they
and again. Open noon to midnight. can have a good
breakfast before catching
c. The Old a bus at 8am. Some
Garden, Orchard members of the family
Avenue are vegetarians.
All our dishes are traditional ones
from this part of the country and 4. Simon and Jennifer want
the food is freshly prepared for to celebrate their
each customer. Enjoy a peaceful wedding anniversary by
meal having
in beautiful surroundings. a dinner with their children
We are not the cheapest, but we are and grandchildren in the
probably the best! Open 7pm-11pm. evening. They want a
restaurant with a variety
d. The Hot Pot,
of options and
Market that’s not
Street expensive.
Full range of hot food always
available, including children’s menu 5. José and Helen prefer
and vegetarian. Open 6am till 5pm Colombian and Venezuelan
every day. Children’s playground and food. They are looking for
video games. Carry out also available. a restaurant where they
e. May’s Foods, can go for a special meal
to celebrate the end of
High Street
We serve salads, soups, and delicious their exams, but they can’t
sandwiches from 9 til 9. Plenty of afford anywhere
choice at any time. Vegetarians expensive.
welcome.
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Our young staff offers fast, friendly

service in a clean, modern restaurant.
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 Módulo pedagógico Why is education important?

Achievement Level - Writing

Individual activity

2 Write a short paragraph of 50-60 words about what you have learned
about blogs and why it is good to write them.

Achievement Level - Writing

Group activity

3 In pairs, observe these pictures and answer the following questions

using the second conditional.
1. Where would you live if you didn’t live in Ecuador?
2. What would you do if Antonio Valencia offered to visit your
school and play a soccer game with you and your friends?
3. What would you do if you were millionaire?
Pixabay/
Ardfern
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Ecuador’s Antonio Dollar

flag Valencia s
I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it I can’t do it
Topics I do it very well I can improve
somewhat well without help

Use the second conditional

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Listen to teenagers talking about difficult

situations
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31
 Project
2
Value: Make
decisions

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My Life After High School
Research all the possibilities your country offers for students
Note who graduate from high school, both national and
s international offerings. Concentrate on the option that you
find most interesting.

Step 1. Research

Choose a university or a technological institute where you

would like to study. Investigate what you could study there.
You can visit the Senescyt web page:
https://www.educacionsuperior.gob.ec/

Research the curriculum, all the subjects, number of years or

semesters, cost, location, the overall general information about
the institution
and the university

program. Step 2.

Preparation

Prepare a PowerPoint or poster presentation showing all of

the educational offerings and the possible job positions
you could find if you chose this university program.
Explain why you would like to continue studying after
high school. If you do not want to study, explain your
plans for after high school.

Step 3. Oral Presentation

Present what you have done to the class. Ask each other
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questions for more details.

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