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LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS
[Inference & True/False Statement]
Presenter Subject Date Time Venue
1. Howard Ford Demand Generation July 2 8:30-11:30 AM Rose Conference
Room
2. John Kwon DIY Marketing July 2 2:00-5:00 PM Daisy Conference
Room
3. Linda Howart Branding July 3 2:30-4:30 PM Carnation
Conference Room
4. Lucy Costner Managing People July 4 10:00 AM-3:00 PM Tulip Hall
5. David Austin Fifth Dimension July 5 9:00-12:00 AM Carnation
Business Conference Room
6. Paul Lexington The New Paradigm July 6 2:15-4:45 PM Lilies Conference
Room

Write-Up Presentations
1. Demand Generation is the basis of all marketing campaigns! You will learn creative methods of demand
generation and related activities. This workshop will introduce demand generation in a fun way. All
beginners are welcome, as practical discussions and sessions will be conducted to learn basic demand
generation campaigns for different products. A step-by-step guide is available to help you start.
2. Small and medium Enterprises want to look professional. What other way could be better than to be able
to design and print your very own name card, company letterheads, and brochures? Do-it-Yourself
marketing kit! This workshop teaches you to do all these in just 2 hours. Impress your costumers! Free
DIY marketing kit for attendees.
3. Trying to think of a word to describe your product/service? Come down, and brainstorm with us! Let us
explore the limits of branding together. Branding is about communicating what your product/service can
do to your costumer and how they perceive your company from the look of your product. Come and join
us as we assist you in writing a plan for your branding strategy.
4. Having trouble managing your employees? More than often, most problems in the workspace are people-
related problems. Well-managed employees can bring about tremendous growth and results to your
business! Join us as Lucy shares her motivation methods and secrets to a happy working relationship.
Lunch will provided for all attendees!
5. You are at crossroads. You need capital to capture the growing market. You need more bussinees to build
up your capital. I have developed a 5-step S.T.A.R.T. action plan to bring you bussinees to a fifth dimension.
I will also share my interviews with top business associates to bring you business insight like never before!
Unlock the secrets of business management for your businees!
6. Did you miss the boat to make some good money during the internet craze? Every period change in the
business world is a paradigm. Come and join us as we explore how to identify strong paradigms and the
next paradigm. How can we ride on this wave and benefit from it? Come and find out!

1 Which of the following Information is NOT found C. Corporations that are looking for ways to
in the schedule? build rapport among their employees.
A. The names of the speakers. D. Companies that want to catch the paradigm
B. The duration of each talk. wave.
C. The location of the talk. E. Companies that plan to focus on increasing
D. The attendees' list. monthly gain.
E. The date of each talk.

2. Who would be most interested in attending Lucy

Costner's talk?
A. Enterprises that want to keep up with the
current changes.
B. Firms that are looking to upgrade their
product image.

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Passage 1
A baby logger head sea turtle hatches in its nest buried deep in the sand. Soon, it emerges onto the beach
with its siblings. The palm-sized creatures venture across the sand and into the waves of the Atlantic Ocean. The
tiny turtles must vanish quickly to avoid the many predators looming on the dunes or near the water. Seagulls,
raccoons, and other animals are eager to make a meal out of the brand-new hatchlings.
Until now, scientists have been unable to track where baby sea turtles go once they reach the water. Small
satellite transmitters have allowed older loggerheads to be tracked and studied from afar, giving researchers a
window into their migration patterns, their social behaviors, and other patterns that can be difficult to track in the
ocean. But the travels of a newly hatched sea turtle have remained a mystery.
Scientists on the island of Boa Vista, off the coast of West Africa, have successfully tagged eleven hatchlings
with nanoacoustic tags. This has allowed scientists to follow the baby turtles for their first eight hours in the ocean.
The tags, which send a ping that the researchers can then plot, are glued to the shells of the baby loggerheads. The
glue was specifically designed to dissolve completely within a few days. The tags are small enough to avoid
interfering with the turtles' swimming,
The hatchlings surprised scientists with their speed. Once the turtles found the ocean currents that would
transport them, they could travel at a speed of nearly 200 feet per minute. In the first eight hours of their journeys,
some traveled more than nine miles. Tagged turtles released in vari- ous locations all eventually made their way
to the Sargasso Sea in the Northern Atlantic Ocean. Here, they become part of the floating ecosystem, eating bite-
sized prey and using the sargassum seaweed as rafts. They can sometimes spend up to a decade here before
returning to the shores where they hatched. The use of nanoacoustic tags should help protect this endangered
species by giving scientists more information about these turtles and when they are most vulnerable.

Passage 2
A great number of species make their home in the vast waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Although the entire
ocean makes up an ecosystem, many smaller habitats are found within, including an open- water habitat off the
coast of the Northern Atlantic Ocean known as the Sargasso Sea. Sargassum is an alga that floats in masses that
can continue for miles. The waters of the Gulf Stream push the water in a northward motion into this area. This
constant motion and varying temperatures support the accumulation of the brown-colored seaweed.
The Sargasso Sea is so immense that one method of information collection has not been enough for
scientists to obtain an accurate picture of what takes place within this ecosystem. Researchers have needed to
employ several methods of sampling. Methods such as dragging mesh nets over the surface of the water and
videotaping beneath areas of sargassum have served scientists well. Information collected has shown that the Gulf
Stream pushes brown algae from open water into the Sargasso Sea area, creating a diverse floating habitat in an
area that would otherwise not support that wildlife.
In the most recent study of the sargassum community off the shores of North Carolina, eighty-one fish
species were documented as using the area as a microhabitat. This is an increase from previous studies. The types
of fish found here are both commercially and environmentally important. Also found here are juvenile loggerhead
sea turtles. The South Atlantic Fishery Management Council is working to regulate the harvesting of sargassum.
The Council hopes to have the area classified as an Essential Fish Habitat, which would afford it certain protections.
Further research needs to be done before scientists understand how to best protect the Sargasso Sea as
well as understand how it goes about supporting so many important types of wildlife.

3. In the context of Passage 2, it can be inferred

from the phrase "needs to be done" (paragraph
4) that the author thinks...
A. new methods for researching the ecosystem
are required before funding continues.
B. the Sargasso Sea is becoming a problem for
shipping lanes and requires removal
C. the scientific community has ignored this
complex and delicate ecosystem
D. the Sargasso ecosystem is worthy of our
attention and requires intense study.
E. The researchers have yet to understand the
complexity of water contamination in
Sargasso Sea

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4. Passage 1 most strongly suggests that which of C. The tags protect baby loggerhead turtles
the following is true of the scientists' usage of from the predators they are likely to meet
nanoacoustic tags? in the first eight hours of their journey.
A. The size of the tags is appropriate for baby D. Scientists prefer gluing the tags because
turtles and will thus offer the most accurate they believe it is more humane than
readings. clipping older satellite tags to flippers.
B. The low cost of the tags is greatly preferable E. Scientists use the tags on both older turtles
to the expensive satellite technology and baby turtles to track their
previously used. surroundings.

Emily Did you know that plant-based diets have Josh Absolutely, and let's not forget about the
been linked to numerous health benefits? culinary delights of vegetarian cuisine!
Research published in the Journal of the Research published in the Journal of the
American Heart Association found that Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics has
individuals who followed vegetarian diets shown that plant-based diets can be just as
had a 32% lower risk of developing heart flavorful and satisfying as meat-based
disease compared to non- vegetarians. diets, if not more so. With the abundance
Additionally, a study published in the of fruits, vegetables, grains, and legumes
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition available, there's no shortage of delicious
showed that vegetarians tend to have and nutritious plant-based recipes to
lower body mass indexes (BMIs) and explore. Plus, incorporating more plant-
lower rates of obesity, which are based foods into our diets can introduce
important factors in reducing the risk of us to new flavors and culinary traditions
chronic diseases like diabetes. from around the world.
Sarah Absolutely, and the environmental Luke Definitely! And let's not overlook the
benefits of vegetarianism are equally economic benefits of vegetarianism as
compelling. According to a report by the well. According to a report by the World
United Nations Food and Agriculture Economic Forum, shifting towards plant-
Organization, the livestock sector based diets could save the global economy
accounts for 14.5% of global greenhouse up to $1.5 trillion in healthcare costs and
gas emissions, making it a significant environmental damage by 2050. By
contributor to climate change. By choosing promoting healthier eating habits and
plant-based foods over meat, we can help reducing the burden of chronic diseases,
reduce these emissions and mitigate the vegetarianism has the potential to
environmental impact of food production. generate significant cost savings for
Plus, a study published in the journal individuals, healthcare systems, and
Science estimated that adopting a society as a whole.
vegetarian diet could reduce water use by
up to 55% and land use by up to 76%. 5. If one wanted to strengthen the argument for
Marion I completely agree! And when it comes to vegetarianism, which approach would be most
animal welfare, the benefits of effective based on the discussion?
vegetarianism are clear. According to data A. Introducing data on the nutritional benefits
from the Humane Society International, of meat consumption
billions of animals are raised and B. Highlighting the economic costs associated
slaughtered for food each year, often with plant-based diets
enduring crowded and unsanitary C. Discussing personal anecdotes rather than
conditions on factory farms. By choosing scientific research
plant-based meals, we're sending a D. Emphasizing the environmental and ethical
powerful message to the food industry and advantages of vegetarianism
advocating for more humane treatment of E. Focusing solely on the challenges and
animals. Plus, studies have shown that limitations of vegetarian diets
reducing meat consumption can lead to a
decrease in animal suffering and promote
a more compassionate food system.
Passage 1

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In the past century, due to the burning of ofssil fuels in energy plants and cars, acid rain has become a
cause of harm to the environment. However, rain would still be slightly acidic even if these activities were to stop.
Acid rain would continue to fall, but it would not cause the problems we see now. The environment can handle
slightly acidic rain, it just cannot keep up with the level of acid rain caused by burning fossil fuels.
A pH of 7 is considered neutral while pH below 7 is acidic and pH above 7 is alkaline, or basic. Pure rain
water can have pH as low as 5,5. Rain water is acidic beacuse carbon dioxide gas in the air. reacts with the water
to make carbonic acid. Since it is a weak acid, even a large amount of it will not lower the pH of water much.
Soil, lakes, and streams can tolerate slightly acidic rain. The water and soil contain alkaline mate rials that
will neutralize acids. These include some types of rocks, plant and animal waste, and ashes from forest fires.
Altogether, these materials can easily handle the slightly acidic rain that occurs naturally. The alkaline waste and
ashes will slowly be used up, but more will be made to replace it. Anthropomorphic causes of acid rain, such as
the burning of fossil fuels, release nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide gases. These gases react with water to make
nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Since these are both strong acids, small amounts can lower the pH of rain water to 3
or less. Such as low pH requires much more alkaline material to neutralize it. Acid rain with a lower pH uses up
alkaline materials faster, and more cannot be made quickly enough to replace what is used up. Soil and water
become more acidic and remain that way, as they are unable to neutralize the strong acid.

Passage 2
In humans, keeping a constant balance between acidity and alkalinity in the blood is essential, If blood pH
drops below 7,35 or rises above 7,45, all of the functions in the body are impaired and life-threatening conditions
can soon develop. Many processes in the body produce acid wastes, which would lower the pH of blood below the
safe level unless neutralized. Several systems are in place to keep pH constant within the necessary range. Certain
conditions, however, can cause acids to be made faster than these system can react.
Most of the pH control involves three related substances: carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, and bicarbonate
ions. Carbonic acid is formed when carbon dioxide reacts with water. Bicarbonate ions are formed when the
carbonic acid releases a hydrogen ion. Excess carbonic acid lowers the pH, while excess bicarbonate ions raise it.
The kidneys store bicarbonate ions and will release or absorb them to help adjust the pH of the blood.
Breathing faster removes more carbon dioxide from the blood, which reduces the amount of carbonic acid: in
contrast, breathing more slowly has the opposite effect. In the healthy body, these system automatically neutralize
normal amounts of acid wastes and maintain blood pH within the very small range necessary for the body to
function normally.
In some cases, these systems can be overwhelmed. This can happen to people with diabetes if their blood
sugar drops too low for too long. People with diabetes do not make enough insulin, which the body uses to release
stored sugar into the blood to supply the body with energy. If a per- son's insulin level gets too low for too long,
the body breaks down fats to use for energy. The waste produced from breaking down fats is acidic, so the blood
pH drops. If the kidneys exhaust their supply of bicarbonate ions, and the lungs cannot remove carbon dioxide fast
enough to raise pH, all of the other functions in the body begin to fail as well. The person will need medical
treatment to support these functions until the pH balancing system can catch up. The system will then keep the
blood pH constant, as long as the production of acid wastes does not exceed the body's capacity to neutralize them.

6. Passage 1 most strongly suggest that... E. Acid rain is normal, so it is not something to
A. The environment will be seriously damaged worry about.
if people do not reduce the burning of fossil
fuels. 7. Passage 2 most strongly suggests that...
B. Scientist must find a way to introduce more A. a pH of 7,35 is ideal for blood in the human
alkaline materials into the water supply to body
combat acid rain. B. acid wastes in the blood multiply if not
C. Acid rain will not be a problem in the future neutralized
as we move away from fossil fuels and C. the normal range of blood pH narrow as a
toward alternative energy Sources. person ages
D. Acidic rain water is more of a problem than D. small amounts of acid wastes in the blood
acidic soil because soil contains more are a normal condition
alkaline materials. E. Diabetic people are more likely to have
normal ph in their blood

Text 1

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(1) The mirror test is a test to determine whether an animal can recognize its own reflection in a mirror as an
image of itself. (2) Gordon Gallup Jr. accomplished a way to determine whether an animal can recognize its own
reflection or not by surreptitiously marking the animal with two odorless dye spots. (3) The test spot is on a part
of the animal that is visible in front of a mirror and the other control spot is in an accessible but hidden part of the
animal’s body. (4) The test was developed based on observations made by Charles Darwin to animal reactions to
its reflection on the mirror. (5) Scientists then observe whether the animal reacts in a manner consistent with
being aware that the test dye is located on its own body while ignoring the control dye not visible in front of the
mirror. (6) The animals which pass the mirror test as being self-aware will exhibit behavior including turning and
adjusting its body in order to get a better view of the marking in the mirror, or poking at the marking on its own
body with a limb while observing it from the mirror.

8. Which of the following sentences is irrelevant? D. Showing confusion and fear towards the
A. Sentence (1) mirror
B. Sentence (3) E. Avoiding the mirror at all costs
C. Sentence (4)
D. Sentence (5) 10. The paragraph that follows this text most likely
E. Sentence (6) discusses ...
A. Animal reaction to its reflection on the
9. Which behavior mentioned in the text indicates mirror
that an animal has passed the mirror test? B. Who Gordon Gallup Jr. is
A. Ignoring its reflection completely C. Animals’ behavior toward the dye spots
B. Reacting aggressively towards the mirror D. Animals’ behavior toward the control dye
C. Adjusting its body to get a better view of the E. Animals that show self – awareness
mirror

Thread: Discussing Disney's Live-Action Casting

[Posted by MovieBuff123 at 10:00 AM]

MovieBuff123: As a long-time Disney fan, I'm conflicted about the live-action adaptations. While I love seeing
these beloved stories brought to life on the big screen, I can't ignore the problematic casting choices. It feels
like Disney is missing an opportunity to showcase authentic representation. #Disney #LiveAction

[Posted by ActivistGoddess at 10:15 AM]

ActivistGoddess: Exactly! As an activist for diversity and inclusion, it's disheartening to see actresses of color
being cast in traditionally white roles. It perpetuates the idea that only white stories are valuable and erases
the experiences of people of color. We need more nuanced and authentic representation in media.
#RepresentationMatters #DiverseCasting

[Posted by TheatreNerd86 at 10:30 AM]

TheatreNerd86: While I understand the frustration, I also think it's important to consider the complexities of
casting decisions. As a theater enthusiast, I know that casting choices often involve balancing artistic vision,
audience appeal, and marketability. While Disney should strive for diverse representation, they also need to
consider these factors to make successful films. #ArtisticVision #CastingChallenges

[Posted by DisneyFanatic22 at 10:45 AM]

DisneyFanatic22: As someone who grew up watching Disney movies, I appreciate the nostalgia of seeing these
stories retold. However, I also recognize the need for updated and inclusive storytelling. Disney has a unique
opportunity to introduce new generations to diverse characters and perspectives. I hope they continue to
prioritize representation in their future projects. #DisneyMagic #InclusiveStorytelling

[Posted by FilmCritic101 at 11:00 AM]

FilmCritic101: While I applaud Disney's efforts to adapt their classic stories for modern audiences, I can't ignore
the missteps in casting. As a film critic, I believe it's important to hold studios accountable for their choices. By
calling attention to these issues, we can push for change and encourage more inclusive casting practices in
Hollywood. #CastingCritique #RepresentationReview

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11. Which statement correctly reflects one of they give us clues about how those dinosaurs lived.
the opinions expressed in the thread, Millions of years ago, dinosaurs left droppings on the
except... ground. Over time, the droppings turned into fossils.
A. Appreciating Disney's live-action Today, by studying these fossil droppings, we can tell
adaptations, while acknowledging whether a dinosaur ate grass, fish, or meat.
problematic casting choices. Dinosaurs no longer exist, but they never really
B. Advocating for prioritizing artistic disappeared. We can learn plenty of things about
vision over representation. them by studying the clues they left behind!
C. Acknowledging the complexity of
casting decisions and advocating for Passage 2
diverse representation. Have you ever read about people of long ago?
D. Emphasizing the need for updated and Books tell you how they lived. You can also learn
inclusive storytelling in Disney's what the people were like. Archaeologists are
adaptations. scientists who study past human life and culture.
E. Calling for holding studios accountable Howard Carter, an English archaeologist, made a
for their casting decisions to encourage great find in 1922. He studied ancient Egypt. After
more inclusive practices. years of work, he found King Tut’s tomb. King Tut
was a king in ancient Egypt. The king died at
Passage 1 eighteen. His body went through a special process. It
No one has ever seen a living dinosaur. So was wrapped in cloth. King Tut’s body became a
how do scientists learn about them? Paleontologists mummy. This mummy was in the tomb. There was
research the things that dinosaurs left behind. They also treasure in the tomb, such as golden chairs and
look for fossils, the hardened remains or traces of the king’s jewelry stored in magnificent boxes. A bed,
animals and plants that lived a long time ago. They a temple, and food were left inside the tomb. People
study fossils for clues about how dinosaurs lived. For are still amazed to see these things today. Howard
many years, scientists thought that dinosaurs Carter and other archaeologists showed that the past
hatched from eggs. But no one knew for sure until has much to teach us. However, our interest should
1869. In that year, some fossil dinosaur eggs were not let us forget that it is very important to respect
found in France. Since then, many more fossil the past. Luckily for us, archaeologists today do care.
dinosaur eggs have been discovered elsewhere, They help us understand what the world was like
including in the United States and China. These long ago.
fossils show us that some dinosaurs built nests, and

12. Which of the following is not true according to

both of the passages above?
A. History should remain as insignificant as
people should move on with their lives
without looking back to the past.
B. It is important for the historical heritage to
be highly acclaimed as a source of wisdom in
this era.
C. Thanks to the dinosaurs relics that are
discovered, we become aware of their
existence.
D. History tells us what happened in the past
long before we are born.
E. The past has endless things to teach people
about life.

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Passage 1

Coffee is a pillar of the world economy, generating both jobs and profits. The plant produced revenue to
the tune of $15 4 billion in 2013 alone. The coffee industry is also one of the world's largest employers, supporting
26 million employees. Because of the global importance of coffee, scientists at the University at Buffalo and their
international colleagues were compelled to sequence the genome of the most popular coffee plant. In the genome
lies the secrets of the bold flavor that people around the world have come to enjoy daily, as well as the caffeine
kick that comes along with it. This new genetic information can be used to expand the market by creating new
types of coffee varieties. The results of the study can also safeguard the existing industry. Scientists can now
modify the genetic material of the coffee plant. Heartier strains of popular coffee types can be created so that they
are resistant to drought, disease, and bugs.
Researchers began their work by sequencing the genome of the type of coffee that makes up 30 percent
of all coffee production. The conclusions drawn from this study will help save money and resources during the
coffee production process
Researchers were able to isolate the genetic information of the enzymes in the coffee plant that produce
caffeine With this information, it may be possible to reduce or eliminate caffeine from coffee This would remove
a costly step in the current process of extracting caffeine from the coffee beans, while expanding the coffee market
to people who avoid cafeine for health reasons, such as high blood pressure or pregnancy. The same research team
plans to sequence the genome of other types of coffee in the future. It is their hope that the information will benefit
the coffee producer, consumer, and also the environment.

Passage 2

The Gibbon Genome Sequencing Consortium ha successfully sequenced the genome of the Northern
white-cheeked gibbon. Both gibbons and humans have DNA that changes during the course of their lifetime. Some
DNA changes in humans are the result of mutations, which cause cancer and other diseases. The changes in
gibbons DNA have resulted in many changes to the spe- cies over a very short period of time. Although gibbons
are close relatives to humans, their DNA changes do not cause disease. Understanding the pattern of the gibbon
genome might turn out to be very important to humans. If these changes in DNA can be understood, scientists may
be able to use the information to better understand human disease.
Cancer and other genetic diseases are caused by faulty gene regulation. Scientists have sought to
understand human biology through the lens of gibbon DNA structures for some time. Until now, there has simply
been too much information to analyze. The endless rearrangements made it difficult to align gibbon DNA to that
of humans but it has finally been accomplished. Scientists discovered a piece of DNA that is unique to the gibbon
species. Gibbons have a specific repeat element, or a piece of DNA that copies itself multiple times throughout the
genome. Repeat elements, in both gibbons and humans, are related to the maintenance of genetic structures.
Scientists hope to be able to answer the question "Why can gibbon DNA rearrange itself without causing diseases
unlike humans' DNA?" If this complicated biological question can be solved, scientists may be able to work
backward in order to help stop cancer, heart failure, and other human disease related to genetic repeats.

13. Passage 1 most strongly suggests that... 14. Which choice provides the best evidence for the
A. The coffee industry will fail without new answer to the previous question?
developments stemming from genome A. Paragraph 1 Passage 1 ("Because of the
sequencing. global...coffee plant").
B. Newly developed varieties of coffee plants B. Paragraph 1 Passage 1 ("Scientists
are more expensive for consu- mers than are can...coffee plant").
existing varieties. C. Paragraph 2 Passage 1 ("Researchers
C. Future research will lead to developments began...coffee production").
that could increase the profitability for D. Paragraph 2 Passage 1 ("This would
coffee producers. remove...pregnancy").
D. Genome sequencing of coffee plants could E. Paragraph 2 Passage 1 ("the same"
help scientists understand diseases that ..."future).
affect humans.
E. Genome sequencing cannot guarantee the
healthier effects of coffee.

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15. Passage 2 most strongly suggests which of the 16. Which of the following can reasonably be
following? inferred based on the information in both
A. The genetic makeup of the Northern white- passages?
cheeked gibbon is more similar to that of A. Studying the genomes of animals closely
humans than to other primates. related to humans can help scientists learn
B. More research is needed before the findings about diseases that affect humans.
of scientists studying the DNA of gibbons can B. Expanding the customer base of the coffee
be used to cure disease in humans. industry will lead to higher profits and
C. Many diseases and illnesses that affect increase the stability of the global economy.
humans can only be understood by studying C. The scientists who study coffee and those
the DNA of plants and other animals. who study gibbons could learn more by
D. Cancer and other diseases can be eliminated collaborating.
completely if enough funding is given to D. The genomes of other plants and nonhuman
scientific research. animals hold secrets that can benest people
E. similar to gibbon's DNA, human's DNA can and are worthy of exploration.
rearrange itself without causing diseases. E. Studying the genomes of animals and plants
does not contribute to human's
development.

Text 2
Generally, by people's own accounts, the public idea of women at home is that they are dull and boring. And
the stereotype of a working woman is of hard, ambitious, selfish creatures. It is not just that you are either gentle
and dull or selfish and interesting. It is that you are either a good mother or you are an interesting woman. ‘Young
women now seem to get a very clear picture that they have got a choice. If they are going to do mothering*well,
they have got to play for it by not being interesting women. If you are an interesting working woman, you are a
bad mother'. Lyn Richards put the blame for such notions and for resulting family tensions on the failure of people
to talk enough about them. The media, too, are guilty. 'There is a lot of media coverage of successful career women
and still a lot, especially in women's magazines o on the joys of the motherhood. There's not that much about the
trouble of either role and precious little about combining the roles. Yet half the women who are married in our
society are working.
'Nor is much thought given to the task of loosening the ties entrapping men. Lyn Richards, a working mother,
grateful for the privilege" of genuinely choosing and being able to afford the role, criticizes the systematic
exclusion of men from 'child rearing and the really pretty fabulous aspects of having children'. She condemns as
ludicrous the idea of 9 to 5 tread mill of work as an absolute duty for men. 'The sheer irony to me is that the
women's movement has told women the way to be liberated is to get into the 9 to 5 tied work force that men have
been fighting against for a century. Really, we should be using changes in women's values to shake up all the
oppression and rigidity that men have been under.'
Indeed, there has been a change. 'The new thing since I married is that it's normal for both husband and wife
to go on working when they marry. Now marriage isn't a particularly big deal. Very often it just legalizes something
which has been going on anyway and it certainly doesn't change a woman's whole basic of life, her notion of *no
she is. The real life change is having the first child and when that happens I think that probably most couples are
still reverting to something like the traditional concept of marriage. But the longer people put off having a child
the more likely it is that they won't because they have set up a viable life style. They don't need to have kids now
to have a good marriage.'
Not that motherhood and raising families are wholly going out of fashion but rather people are having smaller
families. Consequently, the period in a woman's life when she is not required to devote herself to mothering is
lengthening. 'Mothering-the mother-just isn't a very good identity base today, 'Lyn Richards say. 'Motherhood is
a short-term appointment now. It doesn't last long.

17. A relevant question that can be raised out of the D. Why would the role of a woman in
passage would be... mothering not last long?
A. What characterizes a good working woman? E. What requirements should working women
B. How could men and women build eternal fulfill?
marriage?
C. What ways are there to keep a family
harmonious?

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18. If Lyn is correct, in the future women in families C. Will be more prosperous
of younger generations... D. Are more individualistic
A. Have less children to care for E. Share an equal responsibility
B. Make up career individuals

Text 3
Sleepiness after eating is a response of the body to chemical changes during the digestion process. This is
normal and it happens to everybody. However, if sleepiness occurs every time after eating and obstructs your
ability to function, this may be a concern. Sleepiness after eating is caused by many factors, such as the type of
food you consume, messy sleeping habits, your health condition and so forth. The body requires energy to function
and this energy is obtained through food. Post-eating, the body releases hormones such as amylin, glucagon and
cholecystokinin. These hormones increase blood sugar levels, creating a feeling of fullness and producing insulin
that will be streamed through cell tissues and provide energy for them. At the same time, the brain releases
serotonin that causes drowsiness.
Moreover, food also influences melatonin production in the brain. This is the hormone that is responsible for
sleepiness post-meal. Some foods that are rich in protein, such as meat, poultry, eggs, fish, spinach, tofu, cheese
and soybeans can trigger more drowsiness than others. Additionally, foods containing carbohydrates also help
produce serotonin and tryptophan amino acids found in the brain. This is the reason why you feel sleepy after
eating carbohydrate-rich foods.
Overeating can also cause sleepiness. Post-meal, the body streams more blood to the digestive system to
better digest foods in massive amounts. This causes a temporary blood and nutrients shortage in the brain. To
prevent post-meal drowsiness, it’s better to eat a balanced diet containing vegetables, grains and good fats to
provide continuous energy. Drink lots of water and limit your sugar intake.

19. It can be predicted from the passage that...... particularly if you didn’t get a good night’s
A. the finer you manage your sleep, the more sleep the night before.
lethargic you feel e. To avoid this, improve your sleeping habits
B. the more fish you eat, the better it is for the to prevent stress.
brain
C. the less you eat carbohydrate-rich foods, The best order of the sentences above is......
the less you will feel drowsy A. b-d-e-a-c D. a-d-e-b-c
D. the less meat you eat, the more you will feel B. b-a-c-d-e E. a-e-d-c-b
drowsy C. b-c-d-e-a
E. the less you consume protein and
carbohydrates, the better it is for the body

20. Here are the jumbled sentences from the

paragraph that follows the above paragraph.
Please reorder the following sentences.
a. Bad sleeping patterns can also cause
sleepiness after eating.
b. Engaging in regular physical exercise can
help you get a good night’s sleep.
c. It is recommended that you avoid napping if
you are having trouble sleeping at night.
d. After a meal, the body feels full and relaxed,
making the body feel like it is resting,
resulting in a feeling of sleepiness,

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