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www.it-ebooks.info
Creating E-Learning Games
with Unity

Develop your own 3D e-learning game using

gamification, systems design, and gameplay
programming techniques

David Horachek

BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI

www.it-ebooks.info
Creating E-Learning Games with Unity

Copyright © 2014 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written
permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in
critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy
of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is
sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt
Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages
caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the
companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals.
However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: March 2014

Production Reference: 1180314

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

Livery Place
35 Livery Street
Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.

ISBN 978-1-84969-342-4

www.packtpub.com

Cover Image by Parag Kadam (paragvkadam@gmail.com)

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 Credits

Author Project Coordinator

David Horachek Binny K. Babu

Reviewers Proofreader
Neeraj Jadhav Simran Bhogal
Alankar Pradhan
K. Aava Rani Indexer
Hemangini Bari
Ranpariya Ankur J. [PAHeartBeat]

Graphics
Acquisition Editor
Ronak Dhruv
Joanne Fitzpatrick
Yuvraj Mannari

Content Development Editor Abhinash Sahu

Chalini Snega Victor
Production Coordinator
Technical Editors Shantanu Zagade
Arwa Manasawala
Manal Pednekar Cover Work
Shantanu Zagade
Anand Singh
Ankita Thakur

Copy Editors
Sarang Chari
Brandt D'Mello
Mradula Hegde

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 About the Author

David Horachek is a video game software developer with over 13 years of

experience in programming arcade, home console, and portable games. He has
programmed game projects published by Midway Games, EA, Ubisoft, SEGA,
and others. He develops games under the Arbelos Interactive label.

I would like to thank my wife Allison and my family for their

encouragement and support, the team at Packt Publishing for their
patience and advice, and aspiring e-learning game programmers for
their work to come.

www.it-ebooks.info
 About the Reviewers

Neeraj Jadhav did his Bachelors in Computer Engineering from Mumbai University
and Masters in Computer Science from University of Houston-Clear Lake. He has been
working as a software developer for three years. His interests primarily lie in software
development with Java and C# as well as web development with HTML 5, CSS 3,
jQuery, and JavaScript. During his graduate years, he worked on developing games
using Unity's 3D game engine with JavaScript and C#.

Alankar Pradhan is from Mumbai, Maharashtra, and went to Indian Education

Society's CPV High School. He is an ambitious person who loves interacting with new
people, travelling, spending leisure time with friends, or playing games on both his
PC and mobile. Games have been always a passion in his life. More than just playing
the game, his main curiosity is how things work. Hence, he decided to pursue his
career in the same field. He graduated with BSc Honors in Software Development
from Sheffield Hallam University, UK. He is currently pursuing an advanced course
in game programming (BAC+5 Equivalent) from DSK Supinfogame, where he is
undertaking industry-oriented projects to enhance his skill set and giving his best in
doing so. He worked as a game programming intern at The Walt Disney Company
India Pvt Ltd. During his internship, he worked on a live project, called Hitout Heroes,
where he was responsible for integration of small gameplay modules and then social
integration of Facebook into the game, but later on, the whole UI implementation,
working, flow, and mechanism was managed solely by him. At the end, he was
responsible for bug solving and memory management. His name was added in
the credits due to his accomplishments.

He has worked in many small projects in team as well as individually, thus

sharpening his own skills in various languages, such as C#, C++, Java, Unreal
Script, Python, Lua, Groovy/Grails, and HTML5/CSS. He is familiar with engines
such as Unity3D, Unreal Development Kit, and Visual Studio and also SDKs such as
NetBeans, Eclipse, and Wintermute. Recently, in 2013, his dissertation on Comparison
between Python and Lua in Gaming Industry got published as a book.

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More to this, he even likes to read, listen to music, and write poems and rap songs
at times. He has his own website at http://alan.poetrycraze.com where he posts
his poems and has also published a book called The Art Of Lost Words, which is
available on Amazon.com.

We are so often caught up with our goals that we forget to appreciate

the journey, especially the people we meet on the way. Appreciation
is a wonderful feeling; it's way better if we don't overlook it. I hereby
take this opportunity to acknowledge the people who directed me
and inspired me in this initiative. I would like to express hearty
thanks to my parents, who instilled and believed in me always.
I am also thankful to my friends for their constant support and
encouraging words that helped me to reach this level. Last but
not least, I would like to thank all the people who are directly or
indirectly involved in this and helped me in one or the other way.

K. Aava Rani is a co-founder of CulpzLab Pvt Ltd., a software company having

10 years of experience in game technologies. A successful blogger and technologist,
she switched her focus to game development in 2004. Since then, she has produced
a number of game titles and has provided art and programming solutions to Unity
developers across the globe. She is based in New Delhi, India. She has been a
recipient of several prestigious awards including Adobe for game technology expert
2012 and SmartFoxServer for her articles. She has experience in various technologies.

Aava is the co-founder of CulpzLab, a software development company of highly

skilled professionals in web, game development, and interactive media. Founded
in 2010, CulpzLab has proven itself to be a reliable technology partner for its clients.
Currently, CulpzLab employs over 50 people and is based in New Delhi, India.

CulpzLab is a leading, custom (bespoke) process-driven software solutions provider

that has helped and partnered with many reputable brands, start-up ventures, and
offshore IT companies, helping them realize their digital solutions and delivering
effectively, efficiently, and on time.

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CulpzLab has worked with a plethora of clients globally. With a diverse technology
background, industry expertise, and a client footprint that extends to more than 14
countries, CulpzLab is well positioned to help organizations derive maximum value
from their IT investments and fully support their business aims.

CulpzLab's core business purpose is to invent, engineer, and deliver technology

solutions that drive business value, create social value, and improve the lives
of customers.

I would like to acknowledge the creators of Unity3D program, the

amazing tool that allows the ultimate digital experience in creative
expression. I'd also like to thank my clients for being part of the fun!
Many of you have become good friends over my creative successes.
And finally, I'd like to thank R.K.Rajanjan, who taught me how to
love and appreciate technologies.

Ranpariya Ankur J. [PAHeartBeat] represents himself in the gaming world

as PAHeartBeat. He has vast experience in the computer programming field from
FoxPro to Microsoft .NET technologies. In game programming, he works with one
of India's successful game studios, GameAnax Inc., by IndiaNIC InfoTech Ltd.,
as a Unity3D game programmer, and also works on racing titles for mobile
device-based games and studio's internal reusable code "GameAnax Engine",
which works in Unity3D for the iOS and Android platforms. He has worked on the
two most successful in-house games, Crazy Monster Truck – Escape and Go Karts, and
has also worked on client projects.

Before this, he hasn't worked for any other books either as a reviewer or as a
co-author; it's his first experience in book reviewing.

I would to like to thank my family and my roommates who give me

space to work for games at night and adjust their routines and time
according to my schedule, thus providing their help.

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 Table of Contents
Preface 1
Chapter 1: Introduction to E-Learning and the
Three Cs of 3D Games 7
Understanding e-learning 8
Introducing our game – Geography Quest 10
Comprehending the three Cs 11
Creating our first scene 12
Developing the character system 13
Building character representation 14
Developing the camera code 15
Implementing GameCam.cs 16
Developing the player controls code 21
Implementing PlayerControls.cs 21
Try it out! 26
Summary 26
Chapter 2: Interactive Objects and MissionMgr 27
Understanding the base scripts 28
Building an interactive object 29
Implementing the CustomGameObj script 30
Implementing the InteractiveObj script 31
Implementing the ObjectInteraction script 33
Implementing the InventoryItem script 34
Implementing the InventoryMgr script 36
Implementing the DisplayInventory method 40
Implementing the MissionMgr script 44
Implementing the Mission script 46
Implementing the MissionToken script 48
Implementing the SimpleLifespanScript 48

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Table of Contents

Putting it all together 49

Testing the mission system 52
Try it out! 54
Summary 54
Chapter 3: Mission One – Find the Facts 55
Finding the facts 55
Designing games to maximize fun 57
The teaching loop in game design 58
Implementing the core classes for mission one 58
Creating a terrain 58
Creating the FlagLocators GameObject 61
Creating the FlagMonument GameObject 61
Creating the MonumentMgr Script 61
Creating the InventoryPlaceOnMonument class 63
Creating the MissionMgrHelper script 63
Creating the TriviaCardScript script 64
Creating the SetupMissionOne script 65
Creating the flag Prefabs 67
Creating the pop-up card Prefabs 70
Creating the mission pop-up Prefab 71
Creating the mission reward Prefabs 72
Creating the FoundAllTheFlags Prefab 72
Creating the ReturnedTheFlagsResult Prefab 73
Configuring the mission manager 74
Playing the level! 75
Summary 75
Chapter 4: Mission One – Future Proofing the Code 77
Reorganizing our GameObjects in the Scene view 78
Creating a global scene 79
Creating a first level scene 80
Adding new scenes to the project 81
Creating the PopupMainMenu GameObject 82
An introduction to Finite State Machines 84
Implementing an FSM in a game 85
The switch case FSM 85
Classes implementation of FSM 86
Implementing the GameMgr script 86
Reflecting on our code changes 89
Analyzing code functionality 90
Updating some systems 91

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 Table of Contents

Making the ScorePlate active 92

Updating the player motion algorithm 94
Playing the level! 95
Summary 95
Chapter 5: User Interfaces in Unity 97
Getting familiar with Unity UI classes 98
Developing the pop-up system 98
Exploring the GUIText component 99
Interpreting the members on GUIText 99
Exploring the GUITexture component 100
Exploring the TextMesh component 101
Ideal use of TextMesh 102
Creating clickable text elements 102
Detecting mouse clicks 102
Detecting mouse over 102
Detecting leaving mouse over 102
Exploring UnityScript and the GUIButton object 103
Using UnityGUI 103
Creating a clickable button 103
Detecting a mouse click 104
Building the main menu pop up 104
Testing our work 113
Future extensions 114
Summary 114
Chapter 6: NPCs and Associated Technology 115
Creating the NPC GameObject 116
Implementing the npcScript class 116
Implementing the SplineMgr class 119
Connecting SplineMgr to NPCScript 124
Implementing the NPC decision system 127
Implementing the npcCondition script 128
Implementing the npcResponse script 129
Implementing the npcInteraction script 129
Implementing the npcDecisionMgr script 131
Building a collection of NPC conditions and responses 132
Implementing the condition_closerThanThresh script 132
Implementing the condition_fartherThanThresh script 133
Implementing the response_changeState script 134
Putting it all together 135
Summary 137

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Table of Contents

Chapter 7: Mission Two – Testing a Player's Learning 139

Exploring the structure of mission two 140
Defining the framework for mission two 140
Adding a mission to the missionMgr script 142
Extending the GameCam script 142
Modifying the terrain 143
Adding NpcRacers to the mission 143
Creating the start and finish line flags 145
Creating the LevelStart and LevelFinished pop ups 147
Creating the setupLevel2 Prefab 149
Creating the raceStartup Prefab 150
Implementing the LevelLogicObj GameObject 152
Summary 159
Chapter 8: Adding Animations 161
Exploring 3D hierarchies 161
Skinned meshes in Unity3D 162
Acquiring and importing models 162
Exploring the Mechanim animation system 165
Choosing appropriate animations 166
Building a simple character animation FSM 166
Exploring in-place versus root motion animation 170
Adding the character script 171
Building a zombie racer animation FSM 172
Building a quiz racer animation FSM 174
Exploring the Unity animation editor 177
Summary 179
Chapter 9: Synthesis of Knowledge 181
Understanding the mission three GameObjects 182
Applying learning theory to mission three 183
Creating the structure for mission three 184
Modifying the terrain 184
Adding visitors to the park 185
Modifying the pop-up system 185
Creating the NpcLocators Prefab 186
Creating the CorrectResponse Prefabs 187
Modifying the quiz cards 187
Adding another data condition 189
Using the setupLevel3 Prefab 189
Creating the AddScore condition 191
Creating the ShowLevel3Results response 192

[ iv ]

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 Table of Contents

Creating the Time object 193

Modifying the LevelLogicObj object 196
Rewarding the player 197
Summary 199
Chapter 10: An Extensible Game Framework Pattern in Unity 201
Load additively 202
Using delete/load patterns 203
Refactoring our work 204
The pop-up system 204
Updating level 3 pop ups 205
Updating level 2 pop ups 207
Updating level 1 pop ups 208
Refactoring level 2 210
Implementing a system to connect object references 211
Updating the SetupMission2 script 214
Refactoring level 3 216
Playing and distributing your game 219
Reflecting on e-learning and game design 220
Summary 221
Index 223

[v]

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www.it-ebooks.info
 Preface
E-learning can be described as the use of computers and digital technology to
facilitate teaching and learning. One popular method of accomplishing this, and
which is also the approach we will take in this book, is through gamification of
learning, that is, the application of cognitive psychology and game-based rules to
learning systems.

At the time of writing this book, it is projected that by the year 2020, 85 percent of
all daily human tasks will be gamified to some extent (Everyone is a Gamer, a HTML
document by Corcione, Andrew, and Fran Tardo, available at www.prnewswire.
com, February 25, 2014. This document was accessed on February 28, 2014, http://
www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/everyones-a-gamer---ieee-experts-
predict-gaming-will-be-integrated-into-more-than-85-percent-of-daily-
tasks-by-2020-247100431.html). This book was written in parts to address
the need of young programmers to have a robust and substantial example of an
e-learning game to learn from.

The reader will participate in the development of an e-learning game that teaches
American geography, Geography Quest. The code and the book were written in
tandem so that the text could serve as an accompanying guide to the software.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Introduction to E-Learning and the Three Cs of 3D Games, introduces
e-learning and how games are effective at targeting learning outcomes. It also
introduces us to Unity3D and guides us through the development of the character,
camera, and control systems for the game.

Chapter 2, Interactive Objects and MissionMgr, helps us to develop some of the core
technology for our game foundation. We will implement a system that tracks the
user's progress in the game through the concept of a mission. We also develop an
interactive object class the player can interact with.

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Preface

Chapter 3, Mission One – Find the Facts, helps us to code the first level of our game by
applying the learning theory we know and the technology we have developed to
create an exploration level.

Chapter 4, Mission One – Future Proofing the Code, helps us finish developing the
first level of our game after taking a look back at our design needs and refactoring
our code so that it is maintainable and extendible. This level presents the learning
outcomes to the player for the first time.

Chapter 5, User Interfaces in Unity, takes a sojourn into user interface technology in
Unity. We then apply our knowledge and develop a pop-up windows system that
will be used in our game.

Chapter 6, NPCs and Associated Technology, helps us apply the technology we have
already built in the creation of simple computer-controlled characters for our game.

Chapter 7, Mission Two – Testing a Player's Learning, guides us to develop the second
level of our game, applying all of the systems and technology we have developed
thus far. This level of the game gives the player an opportunity to manipulate and
practice the learning outcomes.

Chapter 8, Adding Animations, takes another sojourn into the various animation
systems in Unity3D. We then apply this knowledge by replacing our existing
characters with 3D animated models.

Chapter 9, Synthesis of Knowledge, helps us to develop the last level of our game in this
chapter by using all of the technology and theory we have learned. This level of the
game challenges the user to master the desired learning outcomes.

Chapter 10, An Extensible Game Framework Pattern in Unity, integrates our game levels
into one extensible framework. We will polish it more and then package the game up
for your user to run on their PC.

What you need for this book

You will need Unity Version 4.2.2f1, which at the time of writing this book may be
downloaded from http://unity3d.com/unity/download/archive.

[2]

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 Preface

Who this book is for

This book is intended for beginners in Unity3D programming who wish to develop
games in Unity3D that teach and inform the user of specific learning outcomes.
Common target applications could be for training games that teach procedures at
the workplace, for teaching policies or best practices, or for factual learning in the
classroom. While some familiarity with C# and some programming concepts would
be beneficial, it is not mandatory.

Conventions
In this book, you will find a number of styles of text that distinguish between
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explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions,
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A block of code is set as follows:

Public float height;
Public float desiredDistance;
Public float heightDamp;
Public float rotDamp;

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the
screen, in menus or dialog boxes for example, appear in the text like this: "Under
Edit | Render Settings, go to the Skybox Material panel of the Inspector pane,
and add one of the skybox materials from the skybox package."

Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

Tips and tricks appear like this.

[3]

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Preface

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Other documents randomly have
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Penn, William, his account of Mrs. Gaunt’s death, 480.
Penny, in twelfth-cake, 55.
Pens, his engraving of a guillotine, 148.
Pentecost, 685.
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Peter, St., June 29; celebration of his festival at Rome, 885.
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Juliet Capulet’s, 1063.
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Philip and James, Sts., May 1; noticed, 541.
——— the fair, entertains Edward II., 746.
Phillips, W., a Welsh dwarf, 1188.
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Pillow made of a dead man, 21.
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——— ——— and Sunday, London festivals, 1334.
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——— pudding, an eccentric vender of it, 1250; made in France,
1617.
Plutarch, read to Louis XIV., 1231.
Plymouth, mild winter at, 1563.
Poaching notice, 350.
Poetry, English, its first cultivator, 701.
Pole, the barber’s, 1269.
Pompeii, panorama of, 1595.
Pompey’s complaint in the dog-days, 945.
Ponsondie, 53.
Pope, the, and cardinals’ jubilee for the massacre on St.
Bartholomew’s day, 1131.
———, annual burning of, 1487.
——— Joan, card party, 91.
Pope’s willow tree, 1081.
Popery, No, 1433.
Porter and his knot, 1215.
Porto-Bello, rejoicings on taking, 1473.
Post office business increased, 215.
Powder Plot, November 5; celebrations, 1429.
Powell’s, Mr., pedigree, 797.
Powell of the fives-court, 868.
Prayer, directory for, 202; M. Angelo’s, 280.
Praying for the dead, 1424.
Prechdachdan sour, 1633.
Pressing of seamen, when commenced, 373.
Pretender, monument to him, 33.
Price, Dr. Richard, died, 486.
Pricking in the belt, 437.
Printer’s customs, and printing terms, 1133;
——— devil, 1139.
Printing, 185; improvement in, 1535; a simile, 30.
Prisca, January 18; noticed, 22.
Prisoners on trial, why uncovered, 1437.
Pritchard, rev. George, his storm sermon, 1517.
Procession-week, 642.
Proclamation of Bartholomew fair, form of, 1165; for a fast in
the storm year, 1515.
Proger’s, Mr., pedigree, 797.
Pulpits, 838; stone pulpit at Oxford, 837.
Pumps, 1041.
Puppet shows, 1246; in Ben Jonson’s time, 1202; at May-fair,
574; at Pentonville, 1114.
Purgatory eased, in 1825, 307; see Romish saints, Index II.
Purification, February 2; see Candlemas.
Puxton custom, 837.
Pye-corner, Smithfield, 1217, 1238.
———, John, watchman of Bungay, 1628.
Quadragesima, 193.
Quarter-day, situations and feelings on, 841.
Quarto-die-post, explained, 100.
Queen’s college Oxford, Boar’s head carol, 1619.
R. G. V. H. an inscription, 1466.
Racine, reads to Louis XIV., 1231.
Rackets, origin of, 863.
Radcliffe, Ralph, mystery writer, 753.
Rahere, first prior of St. Bartholomew’s, 1231.
Raikes, Robert, philanthropist, died, 421.
Rain, why it did not fall for three years, 116; on Swithin’s day,
954, 958; average fall in winter, 1564.
———bow in winter, 107.
Ranson’s, Mr. J. T., etching of Starkey, 922, 928, 968.
Raphael, the archangel, 1326.
———, painter, died, 451; his picture of the Nativity, with a bag-
piper, 1595.
Rath, the or Burmese state-carriage, 1519.
Rats eat a bishop, 1362.
Ratzburg customs on Christmas-eve, 1604.
Raven feeds a saint and fetches his cloak, 104.
Recollections, effect of tender, 1406.
Red Cross-street burial ground, for Jews, 296.
——— Lion-square, obelisk in, 859.
Reformation, the, its immediate cause, 264.
Refreshment Sunday, 358.
Relics, curious list of, 814.
Remigius, October 1; noticed, 1349.
Resurrection, the, a Romish church drama, 431.
Rhed-monath, 313.
Rheumatism cured by ale, 23.
Ribadeneira’s Lives of the Saints, used in this work, 3.
Rich, Richard, lord, grant to him of St. Bartholomew’s priory,
1232.
Richard de Wiche, April 3; account of him, 419.
——— II. and his court at the parish clerks’ play, 753.
——— III. attends the Coventry plays, 757.
Richards, rev. Mr., buried alive, 1565.
Richardson, Mr., buys Button’s lion’s head, 1007.
———’s, itinerant theatre, 1182, 1388.
Richmond, visit to, 601; hunt on Holyrood-day, 1294.
Riding stang described, 12.
Ridlington, Rob., his bequest to Stamford, 1484.
Ring, a, occasions a repartee, 529; wedding ring of Joachim and
Anne, 1010.
Rippon church, Yorkshire, lighted up before Candlemas, 205.
Rising early, its effects, 79.
Ritson, Jos., publishes a Christmas carol, 1600.
Roast beef, 1578.
——— pig, by Elia, 1218.
Robbery at Copenhagen-house, 862.
Robin in winter, 103; and the wren, 647.
——— Hood, 550; and his bower, 686.
Roche, St. or St. Roche’s day, 1120.
Rochester cathedral, 301.
———, lord, outwitted, 613; banters Charles II., 721.
Rock-day, 61.
Rodd, Mr. Thomas, bookseller, 8, 1066.
Rodney, adm., defeats Comte de Grasse, 459.
Roebuck Inn, Richmond, 604.
Rogation Sunday, movable; customs in Rogation week, 641.
Rogers, organist of Bristol, noticed, 1039.
Roman pottery, a new-year’s gift, 6; wigs of Roman ladies,
1263.
Rome, ancient, new-year’s day, 13; founded, 493.
Romish church established, 744; Romish and protestant
churches and worship compared, 839, 919.
Ronaldshay, North, custom, 10.
Rood, the, described, 1291.
Rooks, in Doctor’s Commons, 494.
Rose Sunday, 358.
——— gathering on Midsummer-eve, 852.
———, the last, of summer, 1389.
Roseberry, earl of, singular narrative of his son and a
clergyman’s wife, 1122.
Rosemary-branch, fives-play, 867.
Round-abouts and up-and-downs, 1249.
Rout, city, discontinued, 1336.
Row, T., Dr. Pegge, and curfew, 244.
Rowlandson’s Boor’s-head, 1622.
Royal-oak-day, 711.
Rubens’s death of St. Antony, 120.
Ruffian’s hall, Smithfield, 1234.
Runic calendar, 1404.
Rural musings, 106.
Rush-strewing at Deptford, 1825, 725.
Sackville, secretary, account of his schoolmaster, 29.
Sadler, J., his engraving of St. Cecilia, 1496.
Sadler’s Wells, anglers, 344; play-bill, 1200.
Saffron-flower and cakes, 1148.
Sailors, their patrons in storms, 537; staid ashore in bad
weather, 1419; mistake of one, 1591; a sailor and his wife at
Greenwich, 689.
Saints, Romish, authorities mostly referred to for their legends,
3; in sweetmeat, 116; peculiarity of their bodies, ib.; tender-
nosed, 745; carry their heads under their arms after death,
1371; a dirty one, 467. For further particulars, see Index II.
Salisbury, boy bishop, 1557; Edward the Confessor, translated to
Salisbury, 813.
Sallows described, 78.
Salters’ company, custom, 1349.
Salvator’s temptation of St. Antony, 116.
Samam, vigil of, 1415.
Samwell’s company of tumblers, 1185.
Sannazarius’s poem, De Partu Virginis, 1611.
Saturnalian days, 57.
Satyr, seen by a saint, 104.
Saunderson, Dr. Nicholas, mathematician, died, 486.
Sausages, feast of, 1471.
Scent in hunting, 1378.
Schoen, Martin, engraving by, 1119.
Schoolmasters, formerly, 30; presided on throwing at cocks,
252.
School-time in spring, 674.
Scone, ball-play, 259.
Scotland, candlemas-day, 206; Shrove Tuesday, 259; mists, 250;
first of April, 1811; has no carols at Christmas, 1602;
Highland Christmas, 1633; superstitions, 1408.
Scott, Bartholomew, married Cranmer’s widow, 382.
Screen, at Hornsey Wood house, 760.
Sculpture and painting, their relative merits, 275; the two Royal
Academy prizes for 1825 awarded to two Irish pupils, 1651.
Scythe carried by the Devil, 21.
Sea-water, a company to bring it to Copenhagen-fields, 869.
Seal of Button’s Lion’s head, 1007.
Seasons, their names derived, 1518.
Seduction, 1076.
Self-multiplication of saints’ bodies and relics, 335, 611, 814.
Selim, sultan, takes Cairo, 461.
Seneca, his death and character, 453.
Septuagesima Sunday, movable; why so called, 192, 193.
Sepulchre, Romish church drama, 432.
Serjeant’s coif, 158.
Sermon for Easter diversion, 446.
———s prohibited to be read, 1264.
Serpent, a little one in a woman, 38; a taper, ib.; serpents
dance on ropes, 1245; a seat on a serpent’s knee, 1599.
Servants, their new-year’s gifts to masters, 10; cautioned
against leaving Christmas leaves, 204.
——— maid, a character, 481.
Settle, Elkanah, the last city poet, 1453.
Seurat, Ambrose, account of, 1017.
Seward, Anna, author, died, 389.
Sexagesima, movable; why so called, 191, 193.
Shaftesbury, lord, plays in a pageant, 1490.
Shakspeare, died, 503; his jest book, 504.
——— tavern sale, 1007.
Shamrock, the Irish cognizance, 371.
Sharp, Mr. T., his work on pageants, 478.
———, W., engraver, 604.
Shaving in winter, 18; anciently, 1268.
Sheep blessing by the Romish church, 143; shearing, 740.
Sheep’s head, singed, 1539.
Sheet used at execution of Charles I., 187.
Shepherd and shepherdess tavern, City-road, 442, 975.
Shere Thursday, 400.
Sheridan, R. B., notice and character of, 910.
Ship, in a pageant, 1450.
Shirt, a miraculous iron one, 286; stitches in a shirt, 1375.
Shoemaker-row, 1238.
———s, their patron and holyday, 1395; shoe-stealer blinded,
26.
Shoes, sandals, and slippers, 513.
Shony, a western isle sea-god, 1414.
Shooting, at Bartholomew tide, 1235; in North Britain at
Christmas, 1634.
Showman’s family described, 1189.
Shrewsbury, Easter-lifting, 422.
Shrid-pies, 1638.
Shrive, shrove, 246.
Shrove Tuesday, movable; customs, 242.
Siddons, Mrs., 905.
Side-bar, in Westminster-hall, 156.
Sidney, Algernon, 479.
Sign, Absalom, 1262; a tinman’s, 1385.
Silenus, 450.
Silvester, December 31; notice of him, 1653.
Simon, St., and St. Jude, October 28; superstitions of the day,
1403.
Sirius, the dog-star, 897, 899.
Sixtine chapel, M. Angelo’s scaffold for it, 267.
Skeleton-huntsmen’ song, 1296.
Skewers, used for pins, 9.
Skinners’ company, their pageant, 1452.
——— well, mystery played at, 753.
Slatyer, W., his psalms to song tunes, 1598.
Sleep, how avoided by a saint, 282.
Sleepers, legend of the Seven, 1035.
Slingsby, sir H., his account of the training in 1639, 28.
Sluicehouse, near Hornsey Wood, 696.
Smith, Gentleman, account of, 1288.
Smithery, ode in praise of, 1499.
Smithfield, entertainment on May-day, 589; at Bartholomew-fair
time, 1166; whence so called, 1231; paved, 1234.
Smoking, 667.
Smuchdan, 12.
Smugging tops, dumps, &c. 253; a Guy, 1431; a man, 1435.
Snipes, 1390.
Snow-ball, sport, 257; snow-balls medicinal, 414.
——— drop described, 78.
Snuff-taking, how to leave off, 152; wit at a pinch, 231.
Soissons, church branch of seven tapers, 45.
Solace, a printer’s penalty, 1136.
Soldier pensioned for killing two men, and capturing their lion,
1006.
Somers, lord, died, 525.
——— town miracle, 472.
Somerset-house, old, what stones built with, 1479.
Somersetshire, sports and customs, 435; customs, 837, 865.
Somnambulism, 1591.
Song, a, sung by itself, 1296.
Sophia, princess, of Gloucester, walk in her gardens at
Blackheath, 689.
Sops, joy-sops with twelfth-cake, 56.
Sot’s hole, 689.
Sound as a roach, 1121.
South-sea bubble, 165.
Sowans, 1633.
Sowing, rewarded by cakes and cider, 42.
Sparrows, their use, 495.
Spectator, by whom published, 283.
Spectral appearances to the editor, 123; why they were illusions,
125.
Spencer, sir John, account of, 639.
Spice-bread massacre, 54.
Spiced-bowl, 10, 42.
Spiders, 384; barometers, 931; fly in summer, 1284; save a
saint, 102.
Spines, Jack, a racket-player, 868.
Spinsters, their patroness, 1508.
Spirits, watching them in the church-porch, 523.
Spital sermon, 443; an inflammatory one, 577.
Sportsman, account of one, by himself, 290.
Spring quarter, and festival, 335, 374; dress, 337; complete,
536; mornings, 530, 674.
Sprout-kele, 196.
Spry, Dr., preaches on Trinity Monday, 725.
Squires of the Lord Mayor, 1331.
Squirrels, habits and instincts, 1365, 1383; squirrel hunting,
1539.
Stafford, its patron saint, 1278.
———shire customs, 423.
Stage, the old, described, 757.
Staines, sir W., anecdotes of, 972.
Stamford bull running described, 1482.
Standish, Dr., his inflammatory sermon, 577.
Stang, a cowl-staff, 12.
Starkey, capt. Ben., memoirs of, 922, 965, 1510.
Star, feast of the, 45.
Stars in winter, 22, 1582; observed by Flamsteed, 1091; fall to
discover a buried image, 194.
Steamboat visit to Richmond, 601.
Stebbings, Isaac, swam for a wizard, 942.
Steel-boots, worn by Charles II., 17.
Steeple-climbing, 766.
Steevens, George, account of, 152.
Stephen, St., December 26; customs on his festival, 1641.
Stepney Wood, a maying place, 552.
Stilts, 256.
Stock, Eliz., a giantess, 1197.
Stocks, the, earl Camden put into, 481.
Stockwell ghost, narrative, 62; solution, 68.
Stone, old, at North Ronaldshay, 10.
Stoning Jews, a Lent custom, 295.
Stool ball, 430; see Ball-play.
Storm, the great, in 1703, described, 1512.
——— cock, 535.
Stourbridge fair, account of, 1300, 1487.
Stow, John, antiquary died, 421.
Strand, maypole, 556.
Strathdown, new-year’s celebration, 11.
Straw in the shoe, the perjurer’s sign, 157.
Strong woman, 574.
Strood, Kent, entailment of its natives, 704.
Struensee and Brandt executed, 529.
Stuart holydays, 188.
——— line, its termination, 33.
Sudley, entertainment to queen Elizabeth, 55.
Suett, the comedian, his legs, 1029.
Suffocation, receipt for, 209.
Suffolk customs, 430; witchcraft, 942.
———, countess of, her hair, 1263.
———, lady, her present to Pope, 1081.
Suicides, how buried, 451.
Summer, dress, 819; evening, 933; midnight, 812; morning and
evening, 815; morning, 962; solstice, 823; zephyr, 920; last
rose, 1389; holydays, 1011.
Sun, the, dancing, 421; symbolized, 491; sunset, 1355;
sunshining on St. Vincent’s-day, 151.
Sunday schools founded, 421.
———s, five in February, 310.
Superstitions, vulgar, 515, 523.
Swallow-day, 465; account of swallows, their migration, &c.,
506, 644, 647, 1098.
Swash-bucklers and swashers, 1234.
Sweetheart customs, and superstitions, 136, 260.
Swithin, July 15; account of him, 953; establishes tithes in
England ib.; superstitions on his festival, 954.
Swordbearer, and swords of the city, 1331.
Sword and buckler, how carried, 1234.
Sylvester, St.; see Silvester.
Symes, Mr., of Canonbury tower, 638.
Systrum, of the Egyptians, 1110.
Tail-sticking, on St. Sebastian’s day, 135; at Strood, 704.
Tailors, why they should require a reference, 120.
Tansy pudding, 429.
Tantony pig, 119.
Tasks for a saint, 341.
Tasso, died, 519.
Tavistock monastery founded, 29.
Tawdry, its derivation, 1383.
Taylor, Jeremy, on card-playing, 89.
———, Joseph, bookseller, his endowment for an annual sermon
on the great storm, 1517.
Teddington church, Middlesex, mistletoe proscribed, 1637.
Tee, the, described, 1523, 1528.
Tell, William, arms his countrymen, 16.
Temperature of winter, 1563.
Temple, the, fountain, 1043.
——— gate, the pope burnt at, 1488.
———, Inner, customs at Christmas, 1618.
Temptations of St. Antony, 109.
Tenebræ, a Romish church service, 405.
Term, first day of, customs, &c., 99, 155, 1436.
Terminus, the god of boundaries, 99.
Tewkesbury, battle of, 613.
Thames, the, the king’s bear washed in it, 1005; its nuisances,
1042.
Theatres at fair time, 442.
Theatrical notice, 1296.
Thimble and pea, 768.
Thomas, St., December 21; customs on the day, 1586.
Thompson, Memory Corner, 81.
Thornton, Dr., exhibition to, 1459.
Thread-my-needle, 692.
Three Dons, the, a mystery, 747.
——— kings of Cologne, 45.
——— knocks on a saint’s head, 286.
Threshing the hen, 245.
Throne, Burmese, described, 1526.
Thuanus’s history, English edition, 293.
Tid, mid, misera, 379.
Tiddy Doll and his song, 577.
Tigress, and her whelps, by a lion, 1176, 1180.
Tillotson, abp., the first prelate that wore a wig, 1262.
Time, what it is, and its use, 310; time enough, 1377;
measured, 1425; flies, 1426.
Times, The, the first newspaper printed by steam, 1535.
Tinder-boxes, when not in use, 99.
Tinners, their patron saint, 334.
Toast thrown to fruit trees, 42, 44.
Tobacco, prohibited at Cambridge, 1264; a pipe in the morning,
1378.
Tom, a cod-fish, 83.
Tombuctoo, &c. described by Leo Africanus, 1582.
Top, whipped in the Romish church, 199.
Torches, at a royal wedding, 1551.
Tottenham High-Cross fountain, 1041.
Tower, the, lions, 1004.
———, Great Bell, of St. John’s Church, Clerkenwell, described,
1479.
Town, out of, 491.
——— v. Country, 645.
Townsend, police officer, his wig, 1263.
Towton, battle of, 398.
Trades, the, complaint against sir John Barleycorn, 73.
Translation, Edward, K. W. S., June 20; origin of translations of
saints’ bodies, 813.
Travelling, old mode of, 876.
Tree, a wicked one destroyed, 26.
——— of common law, 233.
Tresham, sir T., prior of St. John’s, Clerkenwell, 1480.
Trial, of a title to land in India, 240.
Trimilki, 538.
Tring, Herts, superstition, 1045.
Trinity symbolized, 371.
——— house brethren, 724.
——— Sunday customs, 722.
——— Monday customs, ib.
Triumphs of London, 1446.
Trumpet-blowers licensed, 1244.
Tulips, and tulippomania, 607.
Tunstall, bishop, befriends B. Gilpin, 330.
Turkeys, Christmas, 1606.
Turner, Anne, on her trial for murder, 1437.
———, Mr., pump-maker, 1042.
Turnspits, anecdotes of, 1573.
Tusser, Thomas, his epitaph and burial place, 285.
Twelfth-cake, how to draw, 51; how made anciently, 56.
——— day eve, 41; twelfth-day customs, 47; characters, 52;
derived from the Greeks, 57; and the Druids, 58; observed at
court, 59.
Twickenham ball-play, 245.
Tye, John, watchman of Bungay, 1628.
Tyson’s, rev. Michael, portrait of Butler, 1303.
Tythes, penance after death for nonpayment, 704; established
in England, 953.
Vader-land, anglicised by lord Byron, 810.
Valentine, February 14; derivation and customs of the day, 215.
Vauxhall, accident, 1070; adventures at, 1457.
Venerable Bede, May 27; see Bede.
Verard, Ant., his vellum edition of the Mystery of the Passion,
747.
Vernon, adm., celebration of his birth-day, 1473.
Vincent, January 22; notice of him, 151.
———, T., his account of the fire of London, 1152.
Viper, the, and her young, 1113.
Virgil, Polydore, on church ceremonies, 202.
Virgin, the, street music to her in Advent, 1595.
Virgo, zodiacal sign, 1059.
Visions, see Saints, Index II.
Voelker’s gymnastics, 1316.
Vos, Martin de, engraving from, 1495.
Votive offerings at Isernia, 1324.
Union with Ireland, 17.
Upcott, Mr. William, 1056, 1160, 1601.
Uptide Cross, 395.
Urbine, servant to M. Angelo, 277.
Uriel, archangel, 1326.
Utrecht, peace of, concluded, 453.
Waggon-driving at shrove-tide, 258.
Waggoner in love, 227.
Waits of London, 829; their ancient services, 1625.
Wales, St. Patrick of, 371; superstitious customs, 523, 562, 849,
1413; adventure in, 797; see Welsh.
Walks, pleasant, disappearing, 872.
Wallis, Mr., astronomical lectures, 60.
Walnut tree, miraculous, 772.
Walpole, Lydia, a dwarf, 1173.
Wanyford, Henry, large man, died, 1565.
Wanstead, Strand maypole carried to, 560.
Want, Hannah, a long liver, account of, 1351.
War, peaceful triumph in, 741.
——— cry, ancient English, 501; Irish, 502.
Warburton, bp., what he said to the lord mayor, 446; his
character of the month of November, 1419; notice of him,
768.
Ward, Ned, his visit to Bartholomew fair, 1237.
———, Samuel, his sermons cited, 831.
Wareham, translation of King Edward’s body, 813.
Warwickshire customs, 423, 431; lion and dog bait at Warwick,
978; Warwickshire carol-singer, 1599.
Wassail-bowl customs, 42, 43, 53, 55.
Watch, setting the, anciently in London, 826; Nottingham, 833;
Chester, 834.
Watchmen’s verses, 1628.
Water of the dead and living ford, 11.
———, boring for, 1041.
——— bailiff’s office, 1333.
Waterloo, battle of, 804.
Waters, Billy, in a puppet show, 1116.
Watts, Joseph, of Peerless-pool, 973.
Wax, blessed, 201.
——— work at Bartholomew fair, 1187.
Way-goose, a printers’ feast, 1133.
Weasel, died, for mealing on a saint’s robe, 44.
Weather prognosticated, by bats, bees, beetles, birds, 535,
1548; blackbirds, 102; bulls, 506; buzzards, 535; cassia, 678;
cerea, 679; chairs and tables, 101; chickweed, 677; church
clocks, 1548; clouds, 101; convolvolus, 677; corns, 101;
cows, 506, 535; crickets, 101; cuckoo, 670; dandelion, 679;
dew, 536; dogs, 101, 102, 535; dog-rose, 677; ducks, 101,
534; evening primrose, 678; feverfew, 677; fieldfares, 536;
fish, 102; flies, 101, 535; four o’clock flower, 678; frogs, 102,
535; geese, 534; glowworms, 102; goatsbeard, 678;
gossamer, 535; hedge fruits, 535; hens, 534, 670; honeydew,
535; horses, 102; lettuce, 678; limbs, 101; marigold, 677,
678; moles, 535; moon, 101, 1015, 1345; mountain ebony,
678; nipplewort, ib.; peacocks, 536; peterel, 535; pigeons,
ib., pigs, 534, 535; pimpernel, 101, 677; princesses’ leaf, 678;
 rainbow, 101, 670; ravens, 534; rooks, 102, 534, 669; sea
fowl, 101; sea gulls, 535; serpentine aloe, 678; sheep, 535;
sky, 102; sloe-tree, 670; smoke, 101; snipes, 536; snow, 670;
soot, 101; sounds, 1547; sowthistle, 677; spiders, 535, 931;
sun, 102; swallows, 101, 506, 533; swans, 505; swine-pipes,
536; tamarind, 677; thermometer, 101; missel thrush, 535;
toads, 102; trefoil, 677; voices, 1548; water fowl, 534; water
lily, 678; white thorns, 677; whitlow grass, 677; wild-goose,
535; wind, 101, 102, 505, 670; woodcocks, 536; woodseare,
535; woodsorrel, 677.
Weathercock of St. Clement’s church, Strand, 1498.
Welsh charity-school anniversary, 322; valuation of cats, 1110;
triplets, 1422; carols for the seasons, 1602.
Welshman, sir T. Overbury’s, 320.
Well-rope winds into a saint’s body, 37.
Wenceslaus of Olmutz, engraving by, 1119.
Werington, Christmas-eve custom, 1606.
Wesley, Charles, senior and junior, musicians, account of, 1038.
———, Samuel, musician, notice of, 1040.
West, Benjamin, painter, account of, 346.
Western custom on Valentine’s day, 227.
——— Literary Institution, 1404.
Westmeath twelfth-night, 58.
Westminster-hall, with shops in it, 153.
——— school, Shrove Tuesday custom, 259.
Weston, sir W., prior of St. John’s Clerkenwell, 1480.
Weyd-monat, 737.
Whifflers, 1444, 1488.
Whist-playing, 91.
Whit Sunday, movable; Whitsuntide, 685, holydays in 1825 at
Greenwich fair, 687; censer at St. Paul’s, 1246.
Whitby, Daniel, divine, died, 386.
White, Mr. H., engraver on wood, noticed, 907, 1113, 1320.
———, Jem, his doings and character, 589.
——— negress, 1189.
Whitehead, W. W., gigantic boy, 1194.
Whoo-he to horses, its antiquity, 1643.
Wickham, East, Kent, 1388.
———, West, Kent, painted glass window of St. Catherine in the
church, 1506; delightful site of the village, 1507.
Wife of two husbands, 1122; husband’s address to his wife,
1454.
Wigs, 1259.
Wild fowl shooting in France, 1575.
——— street chapel, annual sermon, 1512.
Wilkie, the publisher, anecdote of, 914.
William, King, Landed, November 4; error of the almanacs, 1428.
Williams, Mr. Samuel, artist, noticed, 892, 1059, 1189, 1345.
Willow tree, 1080.
Wilson, Richard, painter, notice of him, 651.
———, sir Thomas and lady, of Charlton, 1388.
Wiltshire customs, 723.
Winchester, mystery performed there, 755.
Wind superstitions, 11; effects of east and north-east winds,
620, 802.
Winstanley killed in the Eddystone, 1515.
Wint-monat, 1419.
Winter, 110, 134, 198; its approach described, 1461; the
quarter, 1562; the season described, 1652.
Winter-fulleth, 1345.
——— monat, 1543.
———, Death of, a sport, 359.
——— rainbow in Ireland, 107.
———, Dr. Robert, his storm sermon, 1517.
Wishart, Geo., burned at St. Andrew’s, 709.
Witchcraft, charm against, 55.
——— and cat-craft, 1106.
———, in Herefordshire, 1045.
———, in Suffolk, 942.
Witney, Oxfordshire, old church, show at, 1246.
Wives’ feast-day, 206.
Woed-monath, 737, 1059.
Wolf-monat, 2.
Wolves’ club, 603.
Woman, why one wept at her husband’s burial, 504.
Wombwell, the showman’s lion fight, 997; his menagerie, 1197;
and himself, 1198.
Women formerly, 904; women barbers, 1272; angelical women,
1351.
———’s work, 1375.
———’s blacks, 905; fate of a dealer in, 908.
Wood, Lucky, an ale wife, 1639.
Woodcocks, 1390.
Woodward, a fives-player, 867.
Wool-trade feasts, 209.
Woolwich dock-yard, St. Clement’s day at, 1501.
——— arsenal, its St. Catharine, 1508.
Worcester, marquis of, his curious fountain, 1044.
Worde, Wynkyn de, his carols, 1600, 1620.
Worms, their utility, 70.
Wreathock, an attorney transported, 157.
Wren, sir Christopher, on the size of churches, 920.
Wrestling at Bartholomew-tide, 1235.
Wright, Mr., bees swarm on, 963.
Writing-masters’ trial of skill, 1085.
Wycliffe, John, 752.
Wynne’s “Eunomus” recommended, 232.
Wyn-monath, 1345.
Yates and Shuter’s booth at Bartholomew fair, 1245.
Yeasty ale, its virtue, 23.
York, cardinal, account of, 33.
——— Corpus Christi play, 754.
Yorkshire custom, 1379.
Yorkshire goose pies, 1645.
Young, Dr. Edward, poet died, 459.
Yule derived, 1544.
——— -dough and cakes, whence derived, 1638.
Zinzendorff, count, notice of, 771.
 II. INDEX TO ROMISH SAINTS,
OF WHOM THERE ARE MEMOIRS OR ACCOUNTS, WITH THE
DAYS WHEREON THEIR FESTIVALS ARE KEPT.

The Names in Italics, are of Saints, &c. retained in the Calendar of

the Church of England.
The Names in Capitals are derived from Scripture; and are also in the
Calendar of the Church of England.
Abachum, January 19.
Adalard, January 2.
Agatha, February 5.
Agnes, January 21.
Aidan, August 31.
Alban, June 17.
Aldhelm, May 25.
Alexander, February 26.
All Saints, November 1.
All Souls, November 2.
Alnoth, February 27.
Andifax, January 19.
Andrew, November 30.
Anianus, April 25.
Anne, July 26.
Annunciation, B. V. M., Mar. 25.
Anselm, April 21.
Antony, January 17.
Assumption, B. V. M., Aug. 15.
Athanasius, May 2.
Audry, October 17.
Augustine, May 26.
——, August 28.
Baldrede, March 6.
Baradat, February 22.
Barbatas, February 19.
Barnabas, June 11.
Bartholomew, August 24.
Bede, May 27.
Benedict, or Bennet, Mar. 21.
Benedict, bp., January 12.
Bettelin, or Beccelin, Sept. 9.
Blase, February 3.
Boniface, June 5.
Brice, November 13.
Bride, or Bridget, February 1.
Bruno, October 6.
Candlemas, February 2.
Casimir, March 4.
Catharine, November 25.
Catherine, April 30.
Cecilia, November 22.
Chad, March 2.
Chilidonius, March 3.
Clement, November 23.
Climacus, March 30.
Constantine, Sleeper, July 27.
Cosmas & Damian, Sept. 27.
Crispin, October 25.
Crispinian, October 25.
Cuthbert, March 20.
Cyprian, September 26.
David, March 1.
Denys, October 9.
Dionysius, Sleeper, July 27.
Dunstan, May 19.
Edelwald, March 23.
Edmund, November 20.
Edward, K., March 18.
—— June 20.
—— Confessor, Trans., October 13.
Elphege, April 19.
Eleutherius, September 6.
Emetrius, March 3.
Enurchus, September 7.
Epiphany, January 6.
Ethelburge, or Edilburge, October 11.
Etheldreda, October 17.
Fabian, January 20.
Faine, see Fanchia.
Faith, October 6.
Fanchia, January 1.
Felix of Nola, January 14.
Ferreol, September 18.
Fidelis, April 24.
Finian, March 16.
Francis, April 2.
Fulgentius, January 1.
Galmier, February 27.
Genevieve, January 3.
George, April 23.
Giles, September 1.
Gregory, G., March 12.
Guardian Angels, October 2.
Gudula, January 8.
Hilary, January 13.
Holy Cross, September 14.
Ignatius Loyola, July 31.
Innocents, December 28.
Invention of the Cross, May 3.
James, May 1.
James, July 25.
Jerome, September 30.
John Baptist, June 24.
John, December 27.
John, March 27.
John Port Latin, May 6.
——, Pope, May 27.
John of Beverley, May 7.
——, Sleeper, July 27.
Joseph, March 19.
Jude, October 28.
Kentigern, January 13.
Lambert, September 17.
Lammas, August 1.
Lawrence, August 10.
Limneus, February 22.
Lucian, January 7.
Lucy, December 13.
Luke, October 18.
Lupicinus, February 28.
Macarius, January 2.
Machutus, November 15.
Malchus, Sleeper, July 27.
Marcellus, January 16.
Margaret of Cortona, Feb. 22.
Maris, January 19.
Mark, April 25.
Mark, October 22.
Martha, January 19.
Martin, November 11.
Martina, January 30.
Martinian, Sleeper, July 27.
Matthew, September 21.
Maximian, Sleeper, July 27.
Michael, September 29.
Michael, May 8.
Milburg, February 23.
Mildred, February 20.
Mochua, January 1.
Monica, May 4.
Nativity, B. V. M., Septem. 8.
Nativity, December 25.
Nicholas, December 6.
Nicomede, June 1.
Owen, August 24.
Patrick, March 17.
Paul, January 25.
Paul, March 7.
——, June 30.
——, hermit, January 15.
Perpetua, March 7.
Peter, June 29.
——, 7th cent., January 6.
——’s chair, January 18.
—— ad Vincula, August 1.
—— Nolasco, January 31.
Petronilla, May 31.
Philip, May 1.
Philip Neri, May 26.
Piran, March 5.
Prisca, January 18.
Proclus, October 24.
Remigius, October 1.
Richard de Wiche, April 3.
Roche, August 16.
Romanus, February 28.
 Rumon, January 4.
Serapion, Sleeper, July 27.
Seven Sleepers, July 27.
Severin, October 23.
Simeon Stylites, January 5.
Simon, October 28.
Simon, March 24.
Stephen, December 26.
Swithin, July 15.
Sylvester, December 31.
Thalasius, February 22.
Thalilæus, February 27.
Theodosius, January 11.
Thomas, December 21.
Thyrsus, January 28.
Transfiguration, August 6.
Valentine, February 14.
Veronica, January 13.
Vincent, January 22.
Visitation, B. V. M., July 2.
Vitus, June 15.
Uldrick, February 20.
Ulric, July 4.
William, January 10.
William, March 24.

III. POETICAL INDEX.

I. ORIGINAL EFFUSIONS BY CONTRIBUTORS AND THE EDITOR.

II. QUOTATIONS FROM STANDARD POETS AND ANONYMOUS

AUTHORS.

Original By
A friend, 217.
D. G., 467.
Δ 293, 658.
E. C., 707.
H., 1454.
J. S., 802.
Lector, 727.
Mayer’s song, 567.
Prior, J. R., 144.
T. N., 646.
Original By * The Editor,
Lady Jane Grey, 31.
Twelfth-day, 47.
North-east wind, 136.
Valentine’s day, 216.
Spring, 335.
Angling, 344.
Nature and art, 406.
April fools, 412.
Holyday song, 439.
Milkmaids, 570.
Richmond steamer, 602.
Departed pleasures, 634.
To Canonbury Tower, 642.
Lady among flowers, 689.
Hornsey sluice-house, 695.
Izaak Walton, 697.
Hornsey Wood house, 759.
London-bridge, 775.
Broom girls, 807.
Summer, 818.
Copenhagen-house, 858.
Hagbush-lane, 877.
Barrow-woman’s dress, 905.
Captain Starkey, 922.
To Mr. Charles Lamb, 930.
Bathing “in hyghe sommer,” 972.
Trees and water, 974.
Tea-garden visitors, 975.
Princess Amelia, 1071.
Autumn, 1282.
St. Denys, 1370.
Seasonable, 1415.
Winter, 1562.
The piper, 1626.
Italian minstrels, 1630.
The Flight, 1650.
Authors cited.

Atherstone, 675.
Barbauld, 78, 796.
Barton, B., 80, 1112, 1126.
Baynes, J., 158.
Blackstone, sir W., 232.
Bowring, 22, 328, 468, 920, 1348, 1426.
Browne, W., 548.
Buchanan, 542.
Bull, J., 300.
Burns, 1391.
Byron, lord, 492, 528, 805, 1583.
Chamberlayne, 1294.
Chatterton, 1082.
Chaucer, 224, 1084, 1620, 1643.
Churchill, 1082.
Clare, 962.
Coleridge, 540, 739.
Cotton, 1, 1654.
Cowley, 132.
Cowper, 16, 184, 941, 1082, 1399.
Craven, lady, 543.
Darwin, 539, 683.
Douce, 1595.
Douglas, Gavin, 598.
Dryden, 1495.
Dunno, 931.
Evans, T., 1602.
Fletcher, G., 1083.
——, R., 1639.
Gay, 175, 226, 851, 955, 1227, 1409, 1636.
Gent, 932.
Googe, see Naogeorgus.
Goëthe, 680.
Graydon, 1410.
Hall, 1471.
Hastings, Warren, 1128, 1130.
Herrick, 10, 52, 56, 61, 204, 205, 546, 621, 1606, 1639.
Holland, J., 1534.
Huddesford, 1106, 1108.
Hunt, Leigh, 98, 644.
Hurdis, 228.
Jago, 223.
Jonson, Ben, 136, 1206, 1210.
Jordan, T., 1452.
Jortin, 1111.
Keats, 137, 892.
Kleist, 675.
Lamb, C., 106.
Llywarch Hen., 1422.
Lloyd, 1378.
Logan, 390.
Lucretius, 674.
Lydgate, 224, 552.
M‘Creery, 1425.
Martial, 1083.
Marvell, 883.
Milton, 242, 540, 608, 653, 675, 1098, 1547, 1616.
Moore, T., 490, 1389, 1546.
Morris, Hugh, 1602.
Naogeorgus, 1, 55, 200, 208, 256, 394, 395, 651, 742, 845,
902, 1507, 1539, 1552, 1611, 1643, 1647.
Ovid, 195.
Philips, 133.
Planché, 241.
Poole, Joshua, 4.
Pope, 338, 561, 1439, 1468.
Proctor, 534.
Pughe, O., 1421.
Rickman, 1356.
Sannazarius, 791.
Scott, sir W., 1554, 1624.
Shelley, 963, 1150, 1422.
Shenstone, 903.
Shakspeare, 8, 28, 226, 261, 502, 606, 1082, 1442, 1455, 1606,
1641.
Sheppard, 1639.
Shipman, 179.
Smith, baron, 289.
——, Charlotte, 78, 103, 679.
Somervile, 1379.
Southey, 270, 316, 935, 1019, 1031, 1052, 1362, 1599.
Spenser, 3, 195, 311, 407, 537, 544, 738, 890, 1058, 1146,
1346, 1418, 1543.
Steevens, G. A., 1250.
Thomson, 282, 616, 620, 684, 970, 1575.
Thorn, R. J., 1635.
Tusser, 54, 212, 246, 1471, 1643.
White, H. K., 303, 687, 691.
Wilde, R. H., 1570.
Willsford, 175.
Wither, G., 1631.
Wolcott, 1311.
Wordsworth, 279, 706.
Books cited.

Aikin’s Athenæum, 108, 338.

Coll. Old Ballads, 502, 1238.
Country Almanac, 207.
Der Freischutz Travestie, 1296.
Dodsley’s Coll., 218, 338.
Dunton’s Athen. Oracle, 422
—— Brit. Apollo, 224.
Gentleman’s Mag., 229.
German Almanac, 854.
Leeds Mercury, 211.
Literary Pocket-book, 110, 963, 1374, 1564.
New Monthly Mag., 174.
Oxford Sausage, 1638.
Pasquil’s Palinodia, 246, 557.
Poor Robin’s Almanac, 225, 321, 430, 954, 1436, 1603.
Sixty-five Poems, &c., 230.
Times’ Telescope, 1342, 1473.
Anonymous.
40, 158, 180, 218, 228, 229, 284, 294, 309, 384, 413, 466, 475,
492, 525, 530, 644, 646, 667, 674, 720, 816, 888, 891, 894,
901, 909, 920, 931, 933, 934, 1060, 1142, 1314, 1392, 1438,
1555, 1571, 1572, 1598, 1628, 1635.

IV. FLORAL INDEX.

THE PLANTS IN THE “FLORAL DIRECTORY” WITH THE DAYS

WHEREON THEY ARE USUALLY IN FLOWER.
Achania, hairy
-Dec. 7.
Achania pilosa.

Agaric, floccose
-Oct. 18.
Agaricus floccosus.

Agaric, mixen
-Oct. 30.
Agaricus fimetarius.

Agaric, milky
-Oct. 9.
Agaricus lactifluus.

Agrimony
-July 1.
Agrimonia eupatoria.

Aletris, Cape
-Oct. 10.
Veltheimia viridifolia.

Alkanet, evergreen
-Apr. 3.
Anchusa semperv.

Aloe, grape
-Nov. 12.
Veltheimia uvaria.

Amaranth, common
-Aug. 7.
Amaranthus hypoch.

Amaryllis, golden
-Sep. 30.
Amaryllis aurea.

Amaryllis, lowly
-Oct. 1.
Amaryllis humilis.
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