NAME: FARIZA SULEMAN

ROLL NO: BS ADPPHIL22-03

CLASS: BS ADP 5TH SEMESTER

SUBMITTED TO:
SIR SAAD MALOOK

TOPIC: HUMANITY, DIVINITY AND CREATIVITY

The main purpose of the essay is to explore the human nature, humanity, divinity and how
creativity relates to both humanity and divinity. The other purpose of this essay is to study the
essence of human nature lays primarily in ability to reason and its relation with divinity and how
creativity relates to both. First, the most important topic to discuss is what humanity is or what
the essence of human nature is? Human beings have a fixed nature like every living being has its
own nature. For instance, birds have a nature to fly around seek food. Tigers have a nature to
hunt and be a predator. Same like that dogs and cats have different nature too. Thus human
beings also have a specific nature or essence that separates them from other beings.
The essence of human nature is humanity which is innate. Now the question arises what is
humanity? Humanity can be mean as an attitude, a morality and sentiments of kindness and love
towards other human beings. It can also be means as a collective living of human beings. The
difference between the meanings of humanity is depends on the instinctive feeling that are linked
together. But this links appears seldom. Furthermore, the fact that humans have the ability
extraordinary acts of inhumanity makes argue difficult that the meaning of humanity as a
collective living of humans and all humans are equipped with humanity.
In the philosophical perspective, Aristotle believed about human nature that humans are rational
beings. According to him, all human beings contribute to “Eudemonia”, happiness. Happiness is
a solely human good; it depends on rationality of soul confirming to virtue. So, the human’s
perfect and sufficient end can be possible if this rational activity viewed as the supreme end of
action. Philosophy also analyze the nature of virtue, specifically as human nature. Only the
functioning of reason and the quality of virtue are the expeditious principal of eudemonia.
Within a eudemonistic Centre of attention that human reasoning based on two fundamental
functions; theoretical contemplation and practical activity of discerning of good. Thus,
Aristotle’s human is capable of self-constitution.
Rene Descartes, is probably famous exponent of the dualistic view. According to Descartes,
human nature is composed of a material body and an immaterial soul or mind. He makes two
claims about the human nature of reasoning, first, reasoning is the rare human characteristic that
other animals deprived of it. Second, all human beings have this ability. So, he considers reason
as a universal tool in all circumstances. And he differentiates humans from animals on the basis
of reasoning, thinking and use of language.
David Hume was an empiricist, who believes that knowledge derives from experience. In his
view, reason discusses only the relationship between logical and mathematical ideas whereas
sense experiences tells about the functioning of the world. He thinks humans beings are simply a
bundle of perceptions, there is no soul or self, only a flow of consciousness, a sequence of sense
impressions. Ideas are derived from sense impressions, either sense impressions reflects to one’s
mind.
Jean Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan philosopher, who is famous for his beliefs about human
nature. He believes that human nature is inherently good and pure being but corrupted by
society. Human nature is innately compassionate and full of innocence but corrupted by the
influence of society. He does not allow for the innate selfishness so the characteristic of humans.
He claims that all the natural is good and human nature is very non-pragmatic. Thus, in the
philosophical perspective human nature is the essence of humanity, which depends on reasoning,
perception and virtue. This concept of humanity draws idea towards the divine being and soul
which is also eternal.
When something refers to divine being or divinity the basic idea that comes to mind divinity is a
power that is recognized as supernatural, Godlike or supremely good. Every religion all over the
world has some ideas about divinity. Most of the religions have portrayed the concept of divine
being by using some personifications to localize the concept in daily routine. Every abstract
notion such as “uncaused cause” or series of causes emphasizes the influence of divine being in
the world, his presence can be notified by the experience of cosmic ranges.
Religion in various parts of the world have different perceptions about the divine being but the
contemporary predominant orientation of divine being is monotheistic concept of divine being
such as Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Judaism has the concept of one divine being “Yahweh
or Jehovah” the God of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and the God of Israelites who delivered them
from the slavery of the Egyptians. And gave the Ten Commandments to Mosses and that God
has no partner, solely the creator of everything. In Judaism, God is never portrayed in any image.
The Torah specifically forbade to ascribe any partner in the singular sovereignty of God, thus,
they believe in the absolute one God.
In Christianity, there is monotheistic conception of God who is eternal, Supreme Being, the
creator and preserves all. In Christian theology, God has two attributes which are transcendence
and immanence. Transcendence means that God is eternal and infinite, beyond all the human
events and not controlled by the created world. Immanence means that God is involved in this
world and Christian theology has acknowledged His attention into human affairs. Thus, the
concept of the divine being is not of the substance of the created universe.
In Islam, the concept of divine being is also monotheistic, they believe in one God who created
all the universe and has power over everything that exists in this universe. Muslims refer to God
as Allah. According to the Islamic theology, God has no physical body and there is nothing like
him in any way whatsoever. God is pure and He is absolutely one. The Holy Quran specifically
forbade the ascribing any partner to His singular sovereignty. Thus, God is absolutely
transcendent, unique and utterly other than anything in or of the world as to be beyond all forms
of human thoughts and expressions.
Today’s culture all over the world has produced a number of groups that seek divinity in many
other ways that are openly antagonistic. On this occasion, people deliberately call themselves
witches, meet in covens, and pursue contacts with divine beings like mother Goddess and
Horned God to worship them. Others have claim to reviving Neolithic sorcery cults. As multiple
expressions of divinity abound, one explores a range of ideas stretching from polytheism (belief
in multiple deities) to pantheism (philosophical religious belief that reality, the universe and the
cosmos are identical to divinity).