Test Questions
Q1. The gross specimen of the pancreas from a patient who died of acute
pancreatitis is shown below. What is it suggestive of?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Fibrinoid necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
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Q2. What is the goven pedigree chart indicate?
A. Autosomal dominant (AD)
B. Autosomal recessive (AR)
C. Mitochondrial disorder
D. X-linked Recessive (XLR)
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Q3. Most specific feature of the disease shown below:
A. Coarctation of Aorta
B. Horse shoe kidney
C. PDA
D. ASD
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Q4. Which of the following is the most common cause of the following
pathological change seen in the spleen?
A. Apoptosis
B. Embolization
C. Metastasis
D. Atherosclerosis
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Q5. Identify the mode of inheritance from the pedigree chart given below.
A. Autosomal dominant
B. Autosomal recessive
C. Pseudodominant inheritance
D. Incomplete penetrance
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Q6. A 25-year-old male presents with intellectual disability, distinctive facial
features, and macroorchidism. Cytogenetic analysis reveals an expanded CGG
repeat in the FMR1 gene. Which of the following genetic disorders is most likely
responsible for these findings?
A. Fragile X syndrome
B. Down syndrome
C. Turner syndrome
D. Klinefelter syndrome
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Q7. During the autopsy of a 90-year-old woman, a normal-looking liver was
noted. The following microscopic appearance of hepatocytes was noted. Which
of the following cellular mechanisms is likely responsible for this finding?
A. Nuclear pyknosis
B. Hypertrophy
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Autophagocytosis
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Q8. An elderly man diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
underwent surgical resection. Histopathological examination of the resected
hilar lymph nodes revealed the following finding as given below. Which of the
following is the most likely cause for this?
A. Anthracotic pigmentation
B. Metastatic carcinoma
C. Hemosiderosis
D. Accumulation of melanin
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Q9. A patient presents with ascites and edema. On examination, JVP was
elevated. Gross examination finding of the tissue biopsy is shown. What is the
most likely cause of this condition?
A. A-V congestion
B. Cirrhosis
C. HBV infection
D. Carcinoma
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Q10. A girl with intellectual disability presents to the OPD with the following
finding (image below). Cardiac evaluation shows a congenital endocardial
cushion defect. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Turner syndrome
B. Down’s syndrome
C. Patau syndrome
D. Edward syndrome
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Q11. What's the key intracellular iron storage protein in the hepatocytes of a
45-year-old male with abdominal enlargement, yellow skin, sclera,
hepatomegaly, and jaundice and the given liver biopsy findings on Prussian
blue stain?
A. Bilirubin
B. Haptoglobin
C. Hemoglobin
D. Hemosiderin
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Q12. What is the most likely diagnosis for the newborn boy brought to the
neonatology department with a drooping eyelid, a deep groove between the
nose and the mouth, and a depressed nose tip?
A. Noonan syndrome
B. Downs syndrome
C. Edwards syndrome
D. Patau syndrome
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Q13. A 9-year-old African boy presents with the findings shown below. A biopsy
is consistent with a malignancy that has infiltrated the bone marrow of the jaw.
This neoplasm is linked to a virus that prefers which of the following cells?
A. Chondrocytes
B. Fibroblasts
C. Lymphocytes
D. Macrophages
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Q14. A male patient with hemoptysis. On examination, a hilar mass was present.
The histopathological image is shown below. Immunohistochemistry revealed
that the cells were positive for p40. What is the diagnosis?
A. Squamous cell carcinoma of lung
B. Adenocarcinoma lung
C. Small cell cancer lung
D. Large cell carcinoma lung
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Q15. A 3-year-old boy has become increasingly clumsy over 6 months.
Examination reveals leukocoria and no red reflex in the left eye. A tumor is
found, and after enucleation, microscopic analysis shows loss of cell cycle
control. What is the likely diagnosis?
A. Wilms tumor
B. Retinoblastoma
C. Ependymoma
D. Neuroblastoma
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Q16. A 34-year-old obese woman has experienced heartburn from gastric reflux
for the past 5 years after eating large meals. She undergoes upper
gastrointestinal endoscopy, and a biopsy specimen of the distal esophagus is
obtained. Which of the following microscopic changes, seen in the figure, has
most likely occurred?
A. Columnar metaplasia
B. Goblet cell hyperplasia
C. Lamina propria atrophy
D. Squamous dysplasia
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Q17. A 46-year-old man has had increasing abdominal size for 6 years. His liver
span is 18 cm, and a CT scan shows an enlarged liver with decreased
attenuation. Lab tests reveal high cholesterol and triglycerides, increased
prothrombin time, and low albumin. Based on the liver's microscopic
appearance, which activity likely caused this?
A. Drinking beer
B. Ingesting aspirin
C. Injecting heroin
D. Smoking cigarettes
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Q18. A screening chest X-ray of a 37-year-old asymptomatic man reveals a 3-cm
nodule in the right lung's middle lobe. After excision, the mass shows a sharply
circumscribed area with a soft, white center. The microscopic appearance is
provided, and the serum interferon gamma release assay is positive. Which
pathologic process likely occurred in the nodule?
A. Apoptosis
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Gangrenous necrosis
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Q19. A 11-year-old child falls and cuts his hand. The wound becomes infected.
Bacteria extend into the extracellular matrix around capillaries. In the
inflammatory response to this infection, which of the following cells removes
the bacteria?
A. B lymphocyte
B. Fibroblast
C. Macrophage
D. Mast cell
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Q20. A 69-year-old woman has had increasing malaise and a 10-kg weight loss
over the past year, dying from massive pulmonary thromboembolism. The
liver's gross appearance at autopsy is shown in the figure. Which lesions best
describe her liver?
A. Invasive angiosarcoma
B. Hepatocellular carcinoma
C. Leukemic infiltration
D. Metastatic adenocarcinoma
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