21-Oct-20
Telecommunication, The
Internet and Wireless
Technology
SI-101
Pengantar sistem informasi
Wireless Technology Makes Dundee Precious Metals
Good as Gold
• The price of gold and other metals
has fluctuated wildly, and Dundee
was looking for a way to offset lower
gold prices by making its mining
operations more efficient.
• However, mines are very complex
operations, and there are special
challenges with communicating and
coordinating work underground.
• The company deployed :
• several hundred Cisco Systems Inc. high-
speed wireless access points (in
waterproof, dustproof, and crush-resistant
enclosures),
• extended-range antennas,
• communications boxes with industrial
switches connected to 90 kilometers of
fiber optic lines that snake through the
mine,
• emergency boxes on walls for Linksys Voice
over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phones,
protected vehicle antennas that can
withstand being knocked against a mine
ceiling, and
• custom walkie-talkie software.
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21-Oct-20
What are the principal components of telecommunications
networks and key networking technologies?
• Networking and Communication Trends
• Firms in the past used two fundamentally
different types of networks: telephone
networks and computer networks.
• Telephone networks historically handled
voice communication, and computer
networks handled data traffic.
• Both voice and data communication
networks have also become more
powerful (faster), more portable (smaller
and mobile), and less expensive.
• For instance, the typical Internet
connection speed in 2000 was 56 kilobits
per second, but today more than 80
percent of EU households have high-
speed broadband connections provided
by telephone and cable TV companies
running at 1 to 15 million bits per
second.
• The cost for this service has fallen
exponentially, from 25 cents per kilobit
in 2000 to a tiny fraction of a cent today.
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What is a Computer Network? Networks in Large Companies
➢ The network operating system (NOS) routes and
manages communications on the network and
coordinates network resources.
➢ Hubs are simple devices that connect network
components, sending a packet of data to all other
connected devices.
➢ Switch has more intelligence than a hub and can filter
and forward data to a specified destination on the
Today’s corporate network infrastructure is a
network.
➢ A router is a communications processor that routes collection of many networks from the public
packets of data through different networks, ensuring switched telephone network, to the Internet,
that the data sent get to the correct address. to corporate local area networks linking
➢ Software-defined networking (SDN) is a new workgroups, departments, or office floors.
networking approach in which many of these control
functions are managed by one central program, which
can run on inexpensive commodity servers that are
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separate from the network devices themselves.
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21-Oct-20
Key Digital Networking Technologies
• Client/Server Computing
• These powerful clients are linked
to one another through a
network that is controlled by a
network server computer.
• Packet Switching
• Is a method of slicing digital
messages into parcels called
packets, sending the packets
along different communication
paths as they become available
and then reassembling the
packets once they arrive at their
destinations.
Key Digital Networking Technologies -2-
• TCP/IP and Connectivity
• A protocol is a set of rules and procedures governing transmission of
information between two points in a network.
• TCP/IP uses a suite of protocols, the main ones being TCP and IP.
• TCP refers to the Transmission Control Protocol, which handles the
movement of data between computers.
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Types of networks
FUNCTIONS OF THE MODEM
• Signals: Digital Versus Analog Local Area Networks
• An analog signal is represented by a
continuous waveform that passes Is designed to connect personal computers
through a communications medium and and other digital devices within a half-mile or
has been used for voice communication.
• A digital signal is a discrete, binary 500-meter radius
waveform rather than a continuous Metropolitan Area Networks
waveform.
Is a network that spans a metropolitan area,
• Modem (modulator-demodulator)
• Computers use digital signals and require
usually a city and its major suburbs.
a modem to convert these digital signals Wide Area Networks
into analog signals that can be sent over Wide area networks (WANs) span broad
(or received from) telephone lines, cable
lines, or wireless media that use analog geographical distances entire regions, states,
signals
continents, or the entire globe.
PHYSICAL TRANSMISSION MEDIA
Transmission Media and Transmission Speed
Networks use different kinds of physical transmission
media, including twisted pair wire, coaxial cable,
fiber-optic cable, and media for wireless transmission.
Bandwidth: Transmission Speed
The number of cycles per second that can be sent
through that medium is measured in hertz —one
hertz is equal to one cycle of the medium.
The range of frequencies that can be accommodated
on a particular telecommunications channel is called
its bandwidth .
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21-Oct-20
What is the Internet?
❑The Internet is the world’s most extensive
public communication system.
❑It’s also the world’s largest implementation
of client/server computing and
Internetworking, linking millions of individual
networks all over the world.
❑Internet service provider (ISP) is a
commercial organization with a permanent
connection to the Internet that sells
temporary connections to retail subscribers.
❑Digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies
operate over existing telephone lines to
carry voice, data, and video at transmission
rates ranging from 385 Kbps all the way up to
40 Mbps, depending on usage patterns and
distance.
❑Cable Internet connections provided by
cable television vendors use digital cable
coaxial lines to deliver high-speed Internet
access to homes and businesses.
Internet Addressing and Architecture
• Internet Protocol (IP) address
• is a 32-bit number represented by four strings of numbers
ranging from 0 to 255 separated by periods.
The Future Internet: IPV6 and Internet2
The Domain Name System
DNS servers maintain a database
containing IP addresses mapped to their
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), which contains corresponding domain names.
128-bit addresses (2 to the power of 128), or more To access a computer on the Internet,
than a quadrillion possible unique addresses. users need only specify its domain name.
Internet 2 developed a high-capacity, 100 Gbps
network
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Internet Services and Communication Tools
• Internet Services
✓ A client computer connecting to the Internet has access to a variety of
services.
✓ These services include e-mail, chatting and instant messaging,
electronic discussion groups, Telnet , File Transfer Protocol (FTP) , and
the web
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CLIENT/SERVER COMPUTING ON THE INTERNET
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Voice over IP
• Technology delivers voice information in digital form using
packet switching, avoiding the tolls charged by local and
long-distance telephone networks.
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Unified Communications
• Integrates disparate
channels for :
✓voice communications,
✓data communications,
✓instant messaging,
✓e-mail, and
✓electronic conferencing
into a single experience by
which users can seamlessly
switch back and forth
between different
communication modes.
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Virtual Private Networks
❑ Is a secure, encrypted, private
network that has been configured
within a public network to take
advantage of the economies of
scale and management facilities of
large networks, such as the
Internet.
❑ VPN provides your firm with
secure, encrypted
communications at a much lower
cost than the same capabilities
offered by traditional non-Internet
providers that use their private
networks to secure
communications.
❑ VPNs also provide a network
infrastructure for combining voice
and data networks.
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The Web
• Hypertext
• Web pages are based on a standard
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), which
formats documents and incorporates
dynamic links to other documents and
pictures stored in the same or remote
computers.
• Web Servers
• A web server is software for locating and
managing stored web pages.
• It locates the web pages a user requests on
the computer where they are stored and
delivers the web pages to the user’s
computer.
• Search Engines
• Search engines attempt to solve the problem
of finding useful information on the web
nearly instantly and, arguably, they are the
killer app of the Internet era.
• Today’s search engines can sift through
HTML fi les; fi les of Microsoft Office
applications; PDF fi les; and audio, video, and
image files.
• There are hundreds of search engines in the
world, but the vast majority of search results
come from Google, Yahoo, and Microsoft’s
Bing
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Search Engines
➢ Web search engines started out
in the early 1990s as relatively
simple software programs that
roamed the nascent web,
visiting pages and gathering
information about the content
of each page.
➢ In 1994, Stanford University
computer science students
David Filo and Jerry Yang
created a hand-selected list of
their favorite web pages and
called it “Yet Another
Hierarchical Officious Oracle,”
or Yahoo.
➢ In 1998, Larry Page and Sergey
Brin, two other Stanford
computer science students,
released their first version of
Google (PageRank System).
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TOP WEB SEARCH ENGINES IN THE UNITED STATES
Google is the most popular search engine, handling about 64 percent of web searches in the
United States and about 90 percent in Europe. Sources: Based on data from comScore Inc.,
February 2016.
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Search Engines -2-
• Mobile Search
• With the growth of mobile smartphones and tablet computers, and with
about 210 million Americans accessing the Internet via mobile devices, the
nature of e-commerce and search is changing.
• Semantic Search
• Search engines to become more discriminating and helpful is to make
search engines capable of understanding what we are really looking for.
• The goal is to build a search engine that could really understand human
language and behavior
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HOW GOOGLE WORKS
The Google search engine is continuously crawling the web, indexing the content of
each page, calculating its popularity, and storing the pages so that it can respond
quickly to user requests to see a page. The entire process takes about half a second.
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Search Engines -3-
• Social search
• Is an effort to provide fewer,
more relevant, and trustworthy
search results based on a
person’s network of social
contacts.
• In contrast to the top search
engines that use a mathematical
algorithm to find pages that
satisfy your query, a social search
website would review your
friends’ recommendations (and
their friends’), their past web
visits, and their use of Like
buttons.
• Facebook Search, Google +
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Search Engines -4-
• Visual Search and the Visual Web
• Although search engines were originally designed to search text
documents, the explosion of photos and videos on the Internet
created a demand for searching and classifying these visual objects.
• Facial recognition software can create a digital version of a human
face.
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Search Engines -5-
• Visual web
• Refers to websites such as
Pinterest, where pictures replace
text documents, where users
search pictures, and where
pictures of products replace
display ads for products.
• Shopping bots
• Use intelligent agent software for
searching the Internet for
shopping information.
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Search Engines -6-
• Search Engine Marketing (SEM)
• When users enter a search term
on Google, Bing, Yahoo, or any
of the other sites serviced by
these search engines, they
receive two types of listings:
sponsored links, for which
advertisers have paid to be listed
(usually at the top of the search
results page), and unsponsored,
organic search results.
• Search engine optimization (SEO)
• Is the process of improving the
quality and volume of web
traffic to a website by
employing a series of techniques
that help a website achieve a
higher ranking with the major
search engines when certain
keywords and phrases are put
into the search field.
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Web 2.0
❑Today’s websites don’t just contain
static content—they enable
people to collaborate, share
information, and create new
services and content online.
❑Web 2.0 has four defining
features: interactivity, real-time
user control, social participation
(sharing), and user-generated
content.
❑The technologies and services
behind these features include
cloud computing, software
mashups and apps, blogs, RSS,
wikis, and social networks.
❑Social networking sites enable
users to build communities of
friends and professional
colleagues.
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Web 3.0 and the Future Web
• The key features of Web 3.0 are more tools for individuals to make sense
out of the trillions of pages on the Internet, or the millions of apps
available for smartphones and a visual, even three-dimensional (3D) Web
where you can walk through pages in a 3D environment.
✓ Semantic Web
✓ Artificial
Intelligence
✓ 3D Graphics
✓ Ubiquitous
✓ Internet of Things
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21-Oct-20
What are the principal technologies and standards for
wireless networking, communication, and Internet access?
✓ Cellular Systems : (Global
System for Mobile
Communications (GSM), Code
Division Multiple Access
(CDMA), 3G and 4G networks,
etc)
✓ Wireless Computer Networks
and Internet Access : Bluetooth
(802.15)
✓ Wi-Fi and Wireless Internet
Access : Wi-Fi 802.11, Hotspots
✓ WiMax (IEEE Standard 802.16)
✓ RFID and Wireless Sensor
Networks : Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) and Near
Field Communication (NFC) Cellular Systems
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Question?
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