Speaking component - involves focusing on speaking skills like fluency, coherence,

pronunciation, and the ability to respond effectively to a range of questions. The speaking
component is assessed through a conversation and is structured in an interview format.

Lesson Plan: IGCSE ESL Speaking Component

Lesson Duration: 60 minutes

Target Audience: Intermediate to Advanced ESL Learners

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will practice speaking fluently and coherently on a range of familiar topics.
2. Students will improve their pronunciation and clarity.
3. Students will become familiar with the format of the IGCSE Speaking test.
4. Students will develop their ability to give detailed answers with examples and
reasons.
5. Students will learn strategies for managing different types of questions during the test.

Lesson Structure

1. Warm-up (5 minutes)

 Activity: Quick ice-breaker questions to relax students and get them speaking.
o Examples:
 What did you do yesterday?
 Do you prefer summer or winter? Why?
 Describe your favorite place.

Purpose: To encourage students to speak casually and confidently, getting into the rhythm of
speaking in English.

2. Introduction to IGCSE Speaking Test Format (10 minutes)

 Explanation: Briefly explain the structure of the IGCSE ESL Speaking component:
o Part 1: Introduction and general conversation (3-4 minutes)
o Part 2: Long turn (4-5 minutes) – the candidate speaks on a given topic for 2
minutes
o Part 3: Discussion based on the long turn topic (5-6 minutes)

Purpose: To familiarize students with the exam format and reduce test anxiety.

3. Focus on Part 1: Personal Questions & Fluency (10 minutes)

  Activity: Practice personal and familiar topic questions.
o Examples:
 What are your hobbies?
 How do you usually spend your weekends?
 Tell me about your family.
o Pair Work: Have students work in pairs, asking each other these questions
and answering in full sentences. Encourage them to add details or examples to
make their answers longer.

Purpose: To practice answering personal questions in a fluid and natural manner.

4. Focus on Part 2: Long Turn Preparation (10 minutes)

 Explanation: In this part of the exam, the student has to speak on a topic for 1-2
minutes. The examiner will give a card with a topic and some prompts.
 Activity: Provide students with a few sample long turn topics. Allow them to prepare
for 1-2 minutes and then deliver their response.
o Example Topics:
 Describe your favorite holiday.
 Talk about a memorable event from your childhood.
 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using technology.
o Support: Encourage students to structure their speech using the "PEEL"
technique (Point, Explanation, Example, Link).

Purpose: To practice speaking for an extended period while staying on topic and developing
coherent responses.

5. Focus on Part 3: Discussion (10 minutes)

 Explanation: The examiner will follow up with questions based on the topic the
student discussed in the long turn. These questions aim to explore the student's ability
to discuss ideas in depth.
 Activity: After each student delivers their long turn, the teacher asks follow-up
questions that encourage critical thinking and elaboration.
o Example follow-up questions:
 Why do you think this event is important?
 What impact do you think technology will have on the future?
 How do you think holidays affect people’s well-being?
o Pair Work: Students discuss these questions in pairs, taking turns asking and
answering.

Purpose: To help students practice giving more detailed and thoughtful responses, showing
the ability to expand on topics.
6. Pronunciation Practice (5 minutes)

 Activity: Focus on pronunciation and stress. Choose a few sentences or words from
the earlier speaking activities that students may have struggled with.
o Practice challenging sounds or words with minimal pairs (e.g., "ship" vs.
"sheep").

Purpose: To address common pronunciation issues and help students sound clearer in their
speech.

7. Peer Feedback (5 minutes)

 Activity: After the speaking activities, students give each other feedback based on
fluency, coherence, and pronunciation. Provide a feedback template:
o Fluency: Did the speaker speak without many pauses or hesitations?
o Coherence: Was the answer clear and logically organized?
o Pronunciation: Was the speech clear and understandable?

Purpose: To encourage peer learning and self-awareness.

8. Closing and Homework Assignment (5 minutes)

 Homework: Ask students to record themselves speaking about one of the topics they
practiced during class (1-2 minutes). They should focus on fluency and coherence.
o Students can send the recording to you for feedback or review it themselves.

Purpose: To give students a chance to review and practice outside of class time.

Additional Tips for Teachers:

 Encourage students to give detailed answers rather than just short responses. For
example, instead of saying, "I like sports," ask them to explain why they like sports,
which sport they enjoy, and what benefits they get from it.
 Focus on helping students structure their thoughts. They may not always be able to
deliver a perfect response, but a clear structure (beginning, middle, end) will help
them stay on track.
 Provide examples of good answers and model responses for students to emulate.
Part 1: Personal Questions

1. What are your hobbies?

 Good Response:
"I have several hobbies, but my favorite is reading. I enjoy reading a variety of
genres, but especially fiction. It helps me relax and also improves my vocabulary. I
also like playing the piano, which I’ve been learning for about three years. I find
music very soothing, and it’s a great way to express myself."

2. How do you usually spend your weekends?

 Good Response:
"Usually, on weekends, I like to relax and spend time with my family. On Saturdays,
we often go for a hike in the nearby mountains, as we all enjoy nature. On Sundays, I
catch up on homework and sometimes visit my grandparents. I also like to watch
movies or read books in the evenings."

3. Can you describe your family?

 Good Response:
"I come from a small family. I have one younger brother, who is 12 years old. He's
very energetic and loves playing sports, especially football. My parents are both
teachers; my mom teaches English, and my dad teaches mathematics. We’re very
close and often spend weekends together, playing board games or going on trips."

4. Where do you live, and what’s it like there?

 Good Response:
"I live in a small town in the countryside. It's a quiet and peaceful place, with lots of
green fields and forests. There’s a small river that runs through the town, and it’s a
lovely spot to walk or cycle. Although it's not very big, the community is friendly,
and I enjoy the calm lifestyle."

5. Do you prefer living in the city or the countryside? Why?

 Good Response:
"I prefer living in the countryside. Although cities have a lot of exciting things to
offer, such as shopping centers and restaurants, I enjoy the peace and quiet of the
countryside more. I find the fresh air and the natural environment very relaxing, and I
love having space to walk around without the hustle and bustle of city life."

6. What’s your favorite type of music?

 Good Response:
"My favorite type of music is classical music, especially piano music. I’ve always
been drawn to the elegance and emotion in classical pieces. My favorite composer is
Beethoven because his music is powerful and full of emotion. I also enjoy listening to
some pop music when I want something more energetic."
7. Do you enjoy cooking? Why or why not?

 Good Response:
"Yes, I really enjoy cooking, especially baking. I find it quite relaxing to follow
recipes and create something delicious. I often bake cakes or cookies, and I like to
experiment with different flavors. Cooking also allows me to spend time with my
family, as we often prepare meals together."

8. How often do you exercise?

 Good Response:
"I try to exercise at least three times a week. I enjoy jogging in the mornings, and
sometimes I go swimming or do yoga at home. Exercise helps me stay fit and reduces
stress, which is especially important when I have a lot of schoolwork."

9. What kind of clothes do you like to wear?

 Good Response:
"I prefer casual and comfortable clothing, like jeans and t-shirts. However, for formal
events, I wear dresses or suits. I like simple styles, but I also enjoy wearing bright
colors and patterns. My favorite color to wear is blue because it feels calming."

10. Do you like watching sports? Which sports do you enjoy watching the most?

 Good Response:
"Yes, I enjoy watching sports, particularly football and tennis. I watch football
matches with my friends on weekends, especially when there’s a big match. I also
enjoy watching tennis tournaments like Wimbledon, as I find it exciting and fast-
paced."

Part 2: Long Turn Topics (Describe & Discuss)

Topic: Travelling to School

You have moved to a new house. It is too far away for you to walk to school. You are
considering the following ways of getting there:

1. By bicycle
2. By public transport
Explain how easy or difficult each option would be for you. Say which option you
would prefer, and why.

Response: "Since I’ve moved to a new house, the distance to my school is too far to walk, so
I have been thinking about the two possible options: riding a bicycle or taking public
transport.

First, riding a bicycle seems like a good option because it’s environmentally friendly, and it
gives me some exercise every morning, which I think is important. I would be able to control
my own pace, so I could go at a speed that suits me. I also enjoy cycling, and it could be a
good opportunity to get some fresh air before starting the school day. However, there are
some challenges. For example, the route I would take involves cycling on some busy roads. I
would need to be very careful with traffic, especially during rush hour, when cars are more
likely to be speeding. Also, in bad weather, like on rainy or cold days, cycling could be
uncomfortable or even unsafe. I remember once when I cycled in the rain, and my clothes got
completely soaked. It wasn’t fun at all, so weather conditions could definitely make this
option less appealing.

On the other hand, public transport, like taking the bus, could be a more reliable and
comfortable option. The bus stop is very close to my house, and the bus is generally punctual,
so I wouldn’t have to worry too much about getting wet or cold. It also gives me a chance to
relax, listen to music, or do some reading during the ride. However, the downside is that the
bus can be crowded during peak hours, especially in the mornings when everyone is heading
to school. Sometimes, I end up standing for the entire journey, which isn’t very comfortable,
and there’s also the possibility of delays. There’s nothing more frustrating than waiting for
the bus when you’re running late, and once I had to wait for almost 20 minutes for a bus that
was delayed.

If I had to choose between the two, I think I would prefer taking the bus. While it can be
crowded and a bit tiring, I think it would be more reliable, especially on days when the
weather is bad. It’s definitely a safer and more practical option for me, and it gives me some
time to prepare mentally for the day ahead. In contrast, although cycling can be a more
pleasant way to travel, the risk of bad weather and the need to stay cautious on the roads
would make it less convenient for me."

Topic: Weekend Activities

You have two free days every weekend. You are considering the following activities:

1. Staying at home and relaxing

2. Going out with friends
Explain how enjoyable or tiring each option would be for you. Say which option
you would prefer, and why.

Response: "Having two free days on the weekend means I get to choose between two very
different activities: staying at home to relax or going out with friends. Both have their own
advantages, but they also come with some challenges.

Staying at home and relaxing is a great way to recharge after a busy week. For example, I can
spend time watching movies, reading a book, or even cooking some of my favorite meals.
There’s something really comforting about staying home and doing whatever you feel like,
without any pressure to be somewhere or do something. I especially enjoy it when I’m feeling
tired or stressed. Sometimes, after a long week of school and homework, I just want to sit
down and relax. I might also take this time to catch up on sleep, which is important for me.
However, staying at home too much can feel isolating. Sometimes, I get bored and wish I
could be doing something more exciting. I feel like I could be missing out on opportunities to
meet new people or try new activities. Also, if I stay home too long, I tend to get restless,
which makes it hard to relax fully.

On the other hand, going out with friends is always exciting. It’s a great way to stay socially
active and make fun memories. For example, we might go to a café, watch a movie together,
or just hang out at the park. I love being around my friends because we always find fun things
to do, and I feel energized after spending time with them. However, it can be tiring,
especially if we stay out for a long time. Sometimes we end up walking a lot, or I have to stay
up later than I planned. I can feel drained by the end of the day, especially if I’ve been out for
a whole afternoon or evening. In those moments, I wish I had more time to just rest and relax
at home. I also have to consider that weekends are often the only time I can get things done,
like homework or personal projects, so I sometimes feel like I’m juggling my responsibilities
when I go out with friends.

If I had to choose, I think I’d prefer going out with friends most weekends. While staying
home is nice for relaxation, I feel like I need social interaction to feel balanced. I enjoy the
energy and the fun experiences that come with spending time with others. However, I would
still make sure to balance it by having some quiet time at home to unwind, especially if I’m
feeling tired."

Topic: School Subjects

You are thinking about the subjects you want to study next year. You are considering
the following subjects:

1. Science (e.g., Biology, Chemistry)

2. Humanities (e.g., History, Geography)
Explain how interesting or difficult each option would be for you. Say which
subject you would prefer to study, and why.

Response: "Choosing between science and humanities for my subjects next year is definitely
a tough decision. Both have their own strengths, and I feel passionate about aspects of both,
but there are also challenges that come with each.

Science, particularly subjects like biology and chemistry, are fascinating to me because they
explain how the world works. I’ve always been interested in how living organisms function
or how chemical reactions happen. Last year, for example, I did an experiment on the effect
of temperature on the rate of chemical reactions, and I found it really exciting to see how the
theory played out in practice. However, science can also be very difficult. The concepts can
be abstract, and sometimes it’s hard to fully grasp the material without putting in a lot of
effort. For instance, chemistry requires a lot of memorization, such as learning the periodic
table and chemical equations, and I often find myself struggling with the math involved in
calculations and balancing equations. Some of the experiments are tricky as well, and there
can be a lot of trial and error before you get the right result.

On the other hand, I’ve always enjoyed studying humanities subjects like history and
geography. History allows me to learn about past events and understand how they’ve shaped
the present. I love reading about different cultures and how societies have developed over
time. Geography is also fascinating because it connects physical features of the Earth with
human activity. For instance, learning about how the climate affects human migration and
settlement patterns really sparked my interest. Humanities, however, can sometimes feel like
a lot of reading and writing. I tend to spend a lot of time writing essays, and sometimes it
feels like it’s more about memorizing dates or definitions than truly understanding the
material. Still, I enjoy the critical thinking involved and the ability to express my opinions on
historical events.

If I had to choose, I think I would prefer to study humanities. The reason is that I feel more
connected to understanding human behavior and history, and I find it easier to engage with
than the more technical aspects of science. However, I wouldn’t completely abandon science.
I still want to take at least one science subject because I enjoy learning about the natural
world and how everything works, but I feel that humanities align more with my interests and
strengths."

Topic: Food Choices

You are deciding what to eat for lunch today. You are considering the following
options:

1. A salad
2. A sandwich
Explain how healthy or filling each option would be for you. Say which option
you would choose, and why.

Response: "Today for lunch, I have two choices: a salad or a sandwich. Both options can be
healthy and filling in different ways, but it really depends on what I’m in the mood for and
what I think will keep me energized for the afternoon.

Starting with the salad, it’s definitely a healthy option. I can load it up with all sorts of
nutritious ingredients like spinach, kale, tomatoes, cucumbers, and some protein, like grilled
chicken or chickpeas. I love making my own salad because I can control what goes into it,
ensuring it’s filled with fresh vegetables. If I add some olive oil, lemon, and a few seeds or
nuts, it turns into a really satisfying meal. It’s also light, so it doesn’t make me feel sluggish
after eating. However, the downside of salad is that it can sometimes feel like it’s not filling
enough, especially if I don’t include enough protein or carbs. A few hours after eating, I
might start feeling hungry again. This has happened to me a couple of times when I had a
salad for lunch but didn’t add enough of the hearty ingredients.

Now, a sandwich is a bit more filling. If I choose whole-grain bread, I can get a good amount
of fiber, which helps keep me full longer. I can add proteins like chicken, turkey, or even
tuna, along with some veggies, and it will provide me with a more balanced meal. For
example, I sometimes make a sandwich with avocado, turkey, lettuce, and tomato, which is
delicious and filling. The downside is that it can be easy to overstuff the sandwich with too
much filling, which can make it feel too heavy, especially if I’m not too active after lunch.
Sometimes I end up feeling sleepy or bloated because I ate too much in the sandwich. Also, I
like variety in my meals, and sometimes a sandwich feels a bit repetitive, especially if I eat it
too often.
If I had to choose, I think today I would go for the sandwich. I had a light breakfast and feel
like I need something more substantial for lunch to keep me full through the afternoon. A
well-balanced sandwich with lots of fresh vegetables and protein sounds perfect, and it’s easy
to prepare, which is another advantage. But on days when I feel like I want something lighter,
I would definitely go for a salad. I think it all comes down to how much energy I need for the
rest of the day. A sandwich is a better option if I know I have a busy afternoon ahead."

Topic: Vacation Plans

You are planning your next vacation. You are considering the following destinations:

1. A beach resort
2. A cultural city tour
Explain how relaxing or exciting each destination would be for you. Say which
destination you would prefer, and why.

Response: "When I think about my next vacation, I have two possible destinations in mind: a
beach resort or a cultural city tour. Both have their own appeal, but I would have to choose
based on what kind of experience I’m looking for.

A beach resort sounds perfect for relaxing. I imagine spending my days lounging by the
water, swimming, and reading a book under the sun. It’s the ideal place to disconnect from
everyday stresses and just enjoy the peace and quiet. I love the sound of the waves crashing
on the shore, and I find it very soothing. When I’ve visited beach resorts in the past, I’ve
enjoyed walking along the beach in the early morning or evening, when it’s less crowded,
and it always feels so peaceful. However, after a few days, I might start feeling a little
restless, as I enjoy doing more than just relaxing by the pool or beach. I’d also miss the
opportunity to explore and learn about new places. And, although I enjoy the beach, I feel
like I’d want more variety in my vacation activities.

On the other hand, a cultural city tour would be much more exciting for me. I love learning
about history, architecture, and local traditions, and a city tour would give me the chance to
visit museums, historical sites, and even try new foods. For example, last year, I went on a
trip to a historical city, and I spent a lot of time walking through museums and old
neighborhoods. It was such a fascinating experience, and I felt like I was gaining so much
knowledge about the culture and history of the place. I could also participate in cultural
activities like seeing a local theater performance or visiting art galleries. However, a city tour
can also be tiring. There’s often so much to see, and you end up walking a lot and moving
from one attraction to another. Sometimes, I felt exhausted after a full day of sightseeing. But
overall, the excitement of exploring a new place makes up for the exhaustion.

If I had to choose, I would probably go for a cultural city tour. I love the idea of immersing
myself in a new culture and exploring historical sites. It’s not only exciting, but it also
enriches my knowledge. I would definitely enjoy some relaxation, but I think I prefer to get a
bit more out of my vacation by learning and exploring."
Topic: Exercise and Fitness

You are planning a new fitness routine. You are considering the following activities:

1. Running outdoors
2. Going to the gym
Explain how challenging or motivating each activity would be for you. Say which
activity you would prefer, and why.

Response: "When it comes to fitness, I’m considering whether to start running outdoors or
going to the gym, and both options have their benefits and challenges.

Running outdoors is something I’ve always enjoyed. There’s something refreshing about
being outside and getting some fresh air while I run. I love the feeling of being connected to
nature, especially when I run through parks or along the beach. For example, last summer, I
started running early in the morning before school, and it was such a great way to start the
day. It gave me energy and made me feel accomplished before even beginning my work.
Running also doesn’t require any special equipment other than a good pair of shoes, which
makes it very convenient. However, the challenge with running outdoors is that the weather
can be unpredictable. On rainy or extremely hot days, it’s hard to stay motivated, and I’ve
found that I sometimes lose my enthusiasm when the weather isn’t ideal. Additionally,
running on hard surfaces like concrete can be tough on my knees, and I have to be careful to
avoid injury.

On the other hand, going to the gym offers a structured environment where I can focus on
different exercises and use equipment that targets specific areas of my body. I like that I can
have variety in my workout routine—whether it’s weight training, cardio machines, or group
fitness classes. The gym has the benefit of being a controlled space, so I don’t have to worry
about the weather, and I can work out year-round. The downside is that I sometimes find the
gym environment a bit intimidating, especially when it’s crowded. I also have to find the time
to travel to the gym, which can sometimes feel like a hassle if I’m busy with other
commitments. However, I enjoy the sense of accomplishment after a good gym session, and I
feel like I can track my progress more easily.

If I had to choose, I think I would prefer to run outdoors. I really enjoy the freedom and
freshness that comes with running outside, and it’s much easier for me to fit it into my
schedule since I don’t need to drive anywhere. I would still go to the gym occasionally,
especially for strength training, but for daily exercise, running would probably be my go-to
activity. It’s simple, it’s effective, and I feel like it gives me a sense of connection to the
world around me."

Topic: Hobbies and Interests

You are thinking about taking up a new hobby. You are considering the following
options:

1. Learning to play a musical instrument

 2. Taking up painting or drawing
Explain how enjoyable or difficult each hobby would be for you. Say which
hobby you would prefer, and why.

Response: "I’ve been thinking about taking up a new hobby, and I’m torn between learning
to play a musical instrument or taking up painting and drawing. Both sound like a lot of fun,
but each has its own challenges and rewards.

Learning to play a musical instrument has always been something I’ve wanted to try. Music
is such an important part of my life, and I love the idea of being able to play songs and
express myself through music. I’ve always been fascinated by instruments like the guitar or
piano. I’ve tried playing the guitar a few times in the past, and even though I struggled with
learning the chords, I really enjoyed the process. It feels very rewarding when you finally
master a song. However, learning an instrument can be difficult, especially in the beginning.
It requires a lot of practice and patience. I sometimes get frustrated when I don’t make
progress quickly, and I know that I would need to dedicate a significant amount of time and
effort to improve my skills.

On the other hand, painting or drawing is something that appeals to my creative side. I’ve
always enjoyed expressing myself through art, even though I’m not the best at it. I think it
would be very relaxing and therapeutic to spend time painting or drawing, especially if I’m
feeling stressed or anxious. I’ve tried painting a few times, and it’s a great way to unwind and
let my creativity flow. The difficulty with art, though, is that it can be challenging to get the
techniques right. I’m not very skilled at shading or proportions, and it can sometimes be
frustrating when the picture doesn’t turn out the way I want. However, I think it would be fun
to improve my skills over time, and I could also take classes to get better.

If I had to choose, I think I would lean towards learning a musical instrument. While painting
and drawing are great creative outlets, I feel that playing an instrument would be more
rewarding for me personally. I love music, and being able to play it would feel like a huge
achievement. It might take time and patience, but I think the effort would be worth it."

Topic: Technology in Daily Life

You are considering the use of technology in your daily life. You are considering the
following options:

1. Using a smartphone for most tasks

2. Using a laptop or computer for most tasks
Explain how convenient or challenging each option would be for you. Say which
option you would prefer, and why.

Response: "Technology plays a huge part in my daily life, and I'm always considering the
most effective ways to use it. For example, I often have to decide between using my
smartphone or laptop/computer to complete tasks. Both have advantages, but there are also
some challenges.

Using a smartphone for most tasks is extremely convenient, especially when I’m on the go.
For example, I can easily check my emails, access social media, or even complete school
assignments on my phone. I like the portability of my smartphone. It’s small, and I can carry
it around everywhere. I also use it for things like navigating through Google Maps, which is
invaluable when I’m traveling to unfamiliar places. It’s easy to make quick edits to
documents or quickly search for information when I need it. However, the smartphone is a bit
limiting when it comes to productivity. For instance, typing long essays on my phone can be
uncomfortable and slow. The screen is small, and I find it difficult to multitask the way I
would on a laptop or computer. Plus, using my smartphone too much can be distracting,
especially with apps like social media pulling my attention away from important tasks. So,
while the phone is convenient, I don’t feel like I can be as focused and efficient as I would be
on a laptop.

On the other hand, using a laptop or computer allows for a much more thorough and focused
approach to tasks. The screen is larger, so it’s easier to read, write, and edit. I find it more
comfortable to work on a laptop, especially for school projects that require a lot of writing or
research. I can easily open multiple tabs to do research, use programs like Word or Excel, and
have everything I need in one place. One thing I love about using a laptop is that I feel like I
can concentrate better without the constant distractions I often get on my smartphone. For
example, when I work on my laptop, I can put my phone aside and focus solely on my tasks.
However, the downside is that the laptop isn’t as portable. When I’m out, I can’t just carry it
around with me like I do with my phone. Also, there are times when I wish I had access to
my laptop right away, but it’s at home, and I end up using my smartphone instead, which
isn’t ideal for some tasks.

If I had to choose, I think I would prefer using a laptop or computer for most tasks. Although
it isn’t as portable as a smartphone, I find it to be much more practical for doing any work
that requires concentration or multitasking. I feel like it allows me to be more productive in a
way that a smartphone can’t quite match. Of course, I’d still use my smartphone for quick,
on-the-go tasks like checking emails or browsing social media, but for serious work, a laptop
is definitely my go-to."

Topic: Studying for Exams

You are planning how to study for an upcoming exam. You are considering the
following methods:

1. Studying alone at home

2. Studying in a group with friends
Explain how effective or distracting each method would be for you. Say which
method you would prefer, and why.

Response: "When it comes to studying for exams, I always think about whether I should
study alone or in a group with friends. Both methods have their pros and cons, and choosing
the right one depends on the subject and how much I already know about the material.

Studying alone at home is usually my first choice because it gives me the peace and quiet I
need to focus. I find that when I study alone, I can set my own pace and choose the specific
areas that I need to work on. For instance, when I’m preparing for a subject like math, where
I need to practice problems repeatedly, studying alone allows me to focus completely without
distractions. I can spend as much time as I need on difficult topics without feeling pressured
by others. I also find that I can better manage my time when I study alone, because I can
create a schedule based on my own needs. One thing I really appreciate about studying at
home is that I can take breaks whenever I need them, whether it’s to grab a snack or relax for
a bit. However, the downside is that studying alone can sometimes feel lonely or isolating. It
can also be easy to get distracted by things around the house, like the TV or my phone, so I
have to make a conscious effort to stay focused.

On the other hand, studying in a group with friends can be motivating and more interactive. I
find that sometimes discussing topics with others helps me understand the material better,
especially when my friends explain things in a way I hadn’t thought of. For example, last
year when I studied for a history exam with a group of friends, we reviewed key events by
quizzing each other, and it helped me remember dates and facts more easily. Group study
sessions can be fun and engaging, which makes studying feel less like a chore. However,
group studying can also be very distracting. If everyone is talking about unrelated topics, it
can be hard to stay on track. Additionally, if some people in the group don’t come prepared
or aren’t as serious about studying, it can slow the entire session down. I’ve been in situations
where I spent more time socializing than actually studying, and I don’t think that’s very
productive.

If I had to choose, I think I would prefer studying alone for most exams. Although studying
in a group can be fun, I find that I can concentrate better and work at my own pace when I
study alone. I like to be in control of my study environment, and being alone allows me to
fully focus without any distractions. That being said, I would still occasionally study in a
group for subjects where discussing ideas with others can be helpful, such as when we need
to brainstorm or compare notes."

Topic: Fitness Goals

You are setting new fitness goals for the year. You are considering the following
activities:

1. Running a marathon
2. Learning yoga
Explain how challenging or rewarding each activity would be for you. Say which
activity you would prefer, and why.

Response: "As I set my fitness goals for the year, I’m thinking about whether I should train
to run a marathon or try learning yoga. Both activities seem like great ways to improve my
fitness, but they offer different challenges and rewards.

Running a marathon is definitely a big challenge. I’ve always admired marathon runners for
their endurance and determination. The idea of running 42 kilometers is both daunting and
inspiring. If I choose to train for a marathon, I know it would require months of consistent
training to build my stamina. I’d have to commit to running regularly, gradually increasing
my distance, and make sure to pay attention to my diet and rest to avoid injuries. The
physical challenge would be intense, and I’d probably experience some soreness and
exhaustion along the way. But there’s also something incredibly rewarding about running a
marathon. Completing a race like that would give me an overwhelming sense of
accomplishment and pride. I’ve seen videos of people crossing the finish line and celebrating,
and I think that feeling would be amazing. Plus, running is an activity I can do almost
anywhere, so it’s convenient and low-cost.

On the other hand, learning yoga appeals to me because it focuses on flexibility, balance, and
mental relaxation. I’ve always been interested in yoga, as it helps with stress relief and
improves overall well-being. I think yoga would help me connect more with my body and
mind, which is something I’ve been trying to work on. I’ve heard from friends who do yoga
that it’s not just about physical poses but also about learning mindfulness and breathing
techniques. One challenge with yoga, though, is that it’s sometimes difficult to hold certain
poses, especially if I’m not very flexible. I would have to practice regularly to improve my
form and balance, and it might take a while before I feel comfortable with some of the more
advanced poses. However, I love the idea of yoga as a holistic fitness practice that can
improve both my physical and mental health.

If I had to choose, I would probably prefer to try yoga for now. While running a marathon is
an impressive goal, I think yoga would better suit my current needs. It’s something I can
incorporate into my daily routine without overwhelming myself. Plus, I’m excited about the
mental benefits of yoga and the peace it brings to my life. However, I would still like to try
running a marathon one day, once I’ve built up the fitness and mental discipline that yoga
would help me with."

Topic: Environmental Issues

You are discussing solutions to reduce pollution in your city. You are considering the
following options:

1. Promoting public transport

2. Encouraging the use of electric cars
Explain how effective or practical each option would be for you. Say which
solution you would prefer, and why.

Response: "Reducing pollution in our city is such an important issue, and there are a couple
of solutions that I think could help make a significant difference: promoting public transport
and encouraging the use of electric cars.

Promoting public transport is a great solution for reducing pollution because it would reduce
the number of cars on the road, which would decrease traffic and air pollution. Public
transport, such as buses and trains, can carry many people at once, which means fewer cars
on the streets. If more people used public transport instead of driving their own cars, the
overall carbon footprint of the city would be much lower. The benefit of public transport is
that it’s also relatively affordable for most people, especially if the government invests in
improving the system. In my city, the bus service isn’t always reliable, and sometimes it’s
overcrowded, which can make people avoid using it. But if we had better public transport
options, like more buses, longer operating hours, and cleaner facilities, I think more people
would be inclined to use it. The main challenge, though, is that some areas of the city are not
well-served by public transport, so people in those areas might still rely on their cars.
Encouraging the use of electric cars is another solution that could help reduce pollution.
Electric cars are much better for the environment than traditional petrol or diesel vehicles
because they don’t release harmful emissions. If everyone switched to electric cars, it would
significantly reduce air pollution and help mitigate the effects of climate change. I think the
government could offer more incentives to make electric cars more affordable, like tax breaks
or subsidies for buyers. However, there are some practical challenges with this solution. Not
everyone can afford an electric car, and charging infrastructure is still lacking in many places.
If the number of electric cars increased, we would need more charging stations to support
them. In addition, producing electric cars also requires resources and energy, so it’s not a
perfect solution. But overall, I think it’s a step in the right direction.

If I had to choose, I would prefer promoting public transport as a long-term solution. While
electric cars are a great option, the infrastructure and cost issues would take time to resolve.
Public transport can serve a larger portion of the population right now, and with the right
improvements, it could significantly reduce pollution in our city. Encouraging people to use
public transport more often seems like a practical and effective first step in reducing
pollution."

Part 3: Discussion (Follow-up Questions)

1. Why do you think people like to travel?

 Good Response:
"I think people travel for many reasons. Some travel to explore new places and
cultures, while others do it to relax and take a break from their daily routine.
Traveling can also be an opportunity to learn about history and different ways of life.
Personally, I travel because it helps me experience new things and gain new
perspectives."

2. How do you think technology has changed the way we communicate?

 Good Response:
"Technology has drastically changed the way we communicate. With smartphones
and social media, people can now connect instantly, no matter where they are in the
world. While this has made communication faster and more convenient, I believe it’s
also made face-to-face interactions less common. Sometimes, people spend so much
time on their phones that they forget the importance of personal connections."

3. Do you think it's important to learn a second language? Why or why not?

 Good Response:
"Yes, I believe it’s very important to learn a second language. It opens up many
opportunities, whether for travel, work, or building relationships with people from
different cultures. Learning another language also helps you think more critically and
understand different perspectives. For example, knowing English has helped me
connect with people from various countries."
4. How do you think education can be improved in your country?

 Good Response:
"I think one way education can be improved is by incorporating more interactive and
practical learning methods. For example, students could benefit from real-life projects
or field trips that connect lessons to the outside world. Another important factor is
providing more personalized support for students who are struggling. This could help
ensure that every student reaches their full potential."

Topic: Food Choices

Part 3 Follow-up Question 1:

"Do you think people today are more concerned about eating healthy than in the past? Why
or why not?"

Response:
"Yes, I do believe that people today are more concerned about eating healthy than they were
in the past. There are several reasons for this shift. First of all, we have much more access to
information today than we did in the past. With the rise of the internet and social media,
people are constantly exposed to new health trends, research about nutrition, and advice on
healthy eating. For example, platforms like Instagram and YouTube have popularized food
influencers who share healthy recipes, which has encouraged many to adopt better eating
habits. Additionally, we’re now more aware of the health risks associated with poor diets,
such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. With this knowledge, many people are choosing
to make healthier food choices. That said, it's still a challenge because junk food and
convenience meals are so accessible and often more affordable than healthier options, which
can make it harder for some people to maintain a healthy diet. But overall, I think people are
becoming more conscious of the food they consume, and there is a growing trend toward
healthier eating."

Part 3 Follow-up Question 2:

"How can governments help people make healthier food choices?"

Response:
"Governments can play a significant role in helping people make healthier food choices
through various means. One way is by regulating the food industry. For example,
governments can impose taxes on unhealthy foods, like sugary drinks or fast food, and use
the revenue to subsidize healthier options, such as fruits and vegetables. This would make
healthy food more affordable and accessible for everyone. In addition, governments can
create campaigns to educate the public about nutrition and the long-term benefits of eating
healthy. Schools could also offer more health-focused education and provide healthier meal
options in cafeterias. Another approach would be to label foods more clearly with nutritional
information, so people can make informed choices. Countries like the UK have implemented
'traffic light' food labeling, which makes it easier for consumers to identify healthier products.
Lastly, local governments could support initiatives like community gardens or farmer’s
markets, which would increase access to fresh, locally grown produce."
Topic: Vacation Plans

Part 3 Follow-up Question 1:

"Do you think vacations are important for people’s mental health? Why?"

Response:
"Absolutely! Vacations are incredibly important for mental health. Life can get very stressful
with work or school, and taking a break from the usual routine allows people to relax and
recharge. Research has shown that taking time off to go on vacation can lower stress levels,
reduce anxiety, and improve overall well-being. It gives people the opportunity to disconnect
from their daily responsibilities and focus on themselves, whether that means enjoying
nature, spending quality time with family, or just getting some rest. For me personally, I find
that when I take a vacation, I return feeling much more focused and motivated. I also think it
helps foster creativity and problem-solving because a change of scenery can give you a fresh
perspective. It doesn’t necessarily have to be a long vacation or an expensive one; even a
weekend getaway can make a big difference. So yes, I definitely think vacations are crucial
for maintaining good mental health."

Part 3 Follow-up Question 2:

"How can people make sure they don’t get too tired or stressed while on vacation?"

Response:
"That's a great question! Many people think that vacations are all about sightseeing and doing
as much as possible, but sometimes that can lead to exhaustion. To avoid getting too tired or
stressed, it's important to plan a vacation that balances activities and rest. First, I think it’s
key to avoid overloading your schedule. While it’s tempting to visit every museum,
restaurant, or landmark, I believe it’s better to focus on a few things and leave space for
relaxation. For example, if I’m on a city tour, I might set aside time to just relax at a café or
take a walk in a park. Secondly, it’s important to manage expectations. Sometimes, things
won’t go as planned, whether it’s the weather, transportation issues, or being tired from a
busy day, so it's essential to be flexible and go with the flow. Lastly, getting enough sleep is
critical. People often push themselves to do more, but if you don’t rest enough, you’ll end up
feeling more stressed than if you stayed home. So my advice would be to plan for downtime,
not over-schedule, and prioritize sleep."

Topic: Exercise and Fitness

Part 3 Follow-up Question 1:

"Why do you think some people struggle to stick to a fitness routine?"

Response:
"Sticking to a fitness routine can be difficult for many reasons. One common reason is a lack
of motivation. When people first start exercising, it can feel challenging and even
discouraging if they don’t see immediate results. Fitness goals like losing weight or building
muscle often take time, and the process can be slow, which can lead to frustration. Another
reason is time constraints. Many people lead busy lives with work, school, or family
commitments, and it can be difficult to find the time to exercise regularly. Sometimes, people
may not prioritize fitness, especially if they don’t see the immediate benefits. Additionally,
fitness routines can become monotonous. If you’re doing the same workout every day, it can
get boring, and people may lose interest. To overcome this, I think it’s important to set
realistic goals and find activities that are enjoyable. For example, if someone loves dancing,
they could try a dance class instead of just running on a treadmill. Also, mixing things up can
help keep workouts exciting and motivating."

Part 3 Follow-up Question 2:

"Do you think it’s better to work out alone or with a partner? Why?"

Response:
"It really depends on the person and what motivates them. Some people thrive when they
work out alone because they enjoy focusing on their own goals and personal progress. For
instance, I sometimes prefer working out on my own, especially if I’m running or doing yoga.
It gives me the space to clear my mind and be in my own zone. I find it empowering to
accomplish a workout by myself, and it allows me to control the pace. However, there are
also benefits to working out with a partner. When I exercise with a friend, it can make the
experience more enjoyable and social. You can motivate each other, and it’s easier to stick to
a routine when you have someone else to hold you accountable. I think group fitness classes
or training with a partner can also help push you to try harder, since you don’t want to let
them down. Ultimately, it’s about finding what works best for you. Some people prefer the
independence of working out alone, while others thrive on the support of a workout buddy."

Topic: Hobbies and Interests

Part 3 Follow-up Question 1:

"Do you think hobbies can help people improve their social life? How?"

Response:
"Yes, I definitely think hobbies can help people improve their social life. Hobbies often
provide a natural way to meet people with similar interests, which makes forming
connections easier. For example, if someone takes up a sport, they might join a local team, or
if they take a cooking class, they may meet others who enjoy trying new recipes. Hobbies
create opportunities for people to bond over shared activities and experiences. I’ve made
several friends through shared interests like photography and hiking. It's easier to talk to
people when you have something in common, and often, the hobby itself can be a
conversation starter. Moreover, engaging in hobbies helps people develop skills and
confidence, which can make them feel more comfortable in social situations. I think that,
especially in today's digital age, hobbies offer a great way to form real-world connections that
can lead to lasting friendships."
Part 3 Follow-up Question 2:
"Why do you think some people find it difficult to find a hobby they enjoy?"

Response:
"Finding a hobby you enjoy can be difficult for a few reasons. Sometimes, people aren’t sure
where to start. There are so many options—sports, arts, music, cooking—that it can feel
overwhelming to choose just one. People may also have misconceptions about hobbies,
thinking they need to be ‘good’ at something to enjoy it, when in fact, hobbies are meant to
be fun and relaxing. Another reason is that some people may have limited time due to busy
schedules, so they don’t invest the time needed to explore different activities. It can take time
to find a hobby that really resonates with you, and I think some people give up too quickly if
they don’t immediately find something they love. The key is to be open-minded and willing
to try new things. Whether it’s picking up a paintbrush, joining a sports league, or even
volunteering, trying out different hobbies can help you find something that fits your
personality and interests."

Topic: Travelling to School

Part 3 Follow-up Question 1:

"Do you think children today have more freedom to travel on their own compared to the past?
Why or why not?"

Response:
"Yes, I do think children today generally have more freedom to travel on their own compared
to the past, but it depends on the location and the culture of the family. In some places,
children are encouraged to travel independently at a younger age. With the development of
public transport systems and safety measures, it has become more feasible for kids to use
buses, trains, or even cycle to school by themselves. For instance, in many European
countries, it's quite common for children to take public transport to school from a young age,
and there are often safe routes designed for them. On the other hand, in many parts of the
world, the perception of safety has changed. Parents are more concerned about their
children's safety due to fears of accidents or even crime, so they might not feel as comfortable
allowing their kids to travel independently. In the past, kids walked to school by themselves,
and it was often considered safe. However, with urbanization and the increase in traffic,
parents today might be more cautious. So, while children in some areas have more freedom,
in other places, it may be more restricted, largely due to safety concerns."

Part 3 Follow-up Question 2:

"What are the benefits of children walking or cycling to school rather than being driven by
their parents?"

Response:
"Walking or cycling to school can have a variety of benefits for children. First and foremost,
it promotes physical health. Walking or cycling daily can help children build cardiovascular
fitness, improve their stamina, and develop better coordination and balance. It's a great way
for them to get some exercise before they even begin their school day. In addition to the
physical benefits, walking or cycling to school can also support mental well-being. The fresh
air, natural surroundings, and freedom of movement can help children feel more relaxed and
ready to start their day. There’s also the environmental benefit—by walking or cycling,
children are contributing to reducing pollution and traffic congestion. Moreover, it
encourages a sense of independence and responsibility. Children learn how to navigate their
routes, deal with weather changes, and make decisions, which can help them build
confidence. In contrast, when they’re driven by their parents, they miss out on these
opportunities for growth and development. Plus, walking or cycling is often less stressful
than sitting in traffic, which can make mornings less rushed and stressful for both parents and
children."

Topic: Technology in Daily Life

Part 3 Follow-up Question 1:

"Do you think technology has made it easier or harder for people to communicate with each
other? Why?"

Response:
"I believe that technology has made communication both easier and harder, depending on
how it is used. On one hand, technology has made it incredibly easy to connect with people,
no matter where they are in the world. With tools like instant messaging, video calls, and
social media platforms, it’s possible to communicate in real-time with friends, family, or
colleagues, even if they’re on the other side of the planet. This has definitely made the world
seem much smaller and allowed us to maintain relationships across long distances. For
example, I keep in touch with friends who live in different countries, and we can easily video
chat to catch up, which is amazing. However, on the other hand, technology can sometimes
hinder communication. For instance, people may rely too much on text messages or social
media posts, which can lead to misinterpretations. Non-verbal cues, like body language and
tone of voice, are lost in text communication, which can create misunderstandings.
Furthermore, the rise of digital communication can sometimes lead to people being less
inclined to engage in face-to-face conversations, leading to a lack of personal connection and
sometimes even social isolation. So, while technology makes communication easier in many
ways, it also has the potential to make interactions less personal and more superficial."

Part 3 Follow-up Question 2:

"How can we prevent the overuse of technology in our daily lives?"

Response:
"Preventing the overuse of technology requires a combination of self-discipline, awareness,
and setting boundaries. One way to manage this is by creating 'tech-free' zones or times
during the day. For example, I know many families who have a rule of no phones at the
dinner table, which helps everyone be present and engage in conversation. Another strategy is
to schedule specific times for technology use, such as limiting screen time to a few hours a
day. I think it's important to recognize when technology is starting to interfere with daily life.
If someone finds themselves constantly checking their phone, scrolling through social media,
or watching videos for hours, it may be a sign that they need to take a break. It can also help
to find alternative activities that don't involve screens, like reading a book, going for a walk,
or engaging in a hobby. Parents and educators can also encourage children to spend more
time outdoors or participate in activities that don’t involve digital devices. Lastly, being
mindful of how much time we spend on screens is key to maintaining a healthy balance.
Technology is an incredible tool, but it’s important to set limits to avoid becoming overly
dependent on it."

Topic: Studying for Exams

Part 3 Follow-up Question 1:

"Do you think studying in a group is more effective than studying alone? Why or why not?"

Response:
"It really depends on the person and the subject being studied. In my experience, studying in
a group can be incredibly effective, especially when it comes to subjects that require
discussion or brainstorming. For example, in a group, we can quiz each other, explain
complex topics in different ways, and share resources or study materials that others might not
have. When I study in a group, I often find that I understand the material better because my
friends explain things from different perspectives. This can be particularly helpful in subjects
like history or literature, where we need to discuss ideas and interpretations. However, there
are also times when studying alone is more effective. For example, when I’m preparing for a
math exam, I find that working alone allows me to concentrate better, focus on practice
problems, and work at my own pace without distractions. Some people find group studies
distracting, especially if the group spends more time chatting than studying. So, I think it
depends on the subject and the individual’s learning style. For me, a balance of both solo and
group studying works best."

Part 3 Follow-up Question 2:

"How can students avoid feeling overwhelmed during exam preparation?"

Response:
"To avoid feeling overwhelmed during exam preparation, students need to manage their time
well and set realistic goals. One of the first things I recommend is creating a study schedule
or timetable. By breaking down the material into smaller, manageable sections and planning
specific study times for each, it helps avoid last-minute cramming. It’s also crucial to
prioritize the subjects or topics that are more challenging, so they get the attention they need.
Taking regular breaks during study sessions is another strategy that works well. Studies show
that the brain can only focus for a certain amount of time, so taking short breaks helps
maintain concentration. Additionally, maintaining a healthy lifestyle—getting enough sleep,
eating well, and exercising—can help reduce stress and increase focus. I also think that
staying positive and reminding yourself that you’ve done your best is important. When I feel
stressed about exams, I try to focus on what I’ve learned rather than what I haven’t yet
mastered. That mindset helps me stay calm and confident during my preparation."

Topic: Fitness Goals

Part 3 Follow-up Question 1:
"Do you think people are more interested in physical fitness now compared to previous
generations? Why or why not?"

Response:
"I believe that, in general, people today are more interested in physical fitness than previous
generations. One reason for this is the increased awareness of the health benefits of exercise.
In the past, many people didn’t focus on fitness the way we do today. Physical activity was
often limited to work-related tasks or outdoor activities. However, in the modern world,
we’re constantly exposed to information about the importance of maintaining good health,
and physical fitness is a significant part of that. Fitness culture has also become more
mainstream with the rise of social media, where people share workout routines, healthy
recipes, and motivational content. As a result, more people are adopting fitness as a lifestyle.
Additionally, there are now more options for exercising, from gyms and fitness classes to
online tutorials and mobile apps, making it easier for people to stay active. However, despite
all this focus on fitness, there are still challenges, like the rise in sedentary lifestyles due to
work or school. So, while fitness is more popular now, the modern lifestyle can still make it
hard for some people to stay active regularly."

Part 3 Follow-up Question 2:

"What do you think is more important for overall health: physical exercise or mental well-
being?"

Response:
"Both physical exercise and mental well-being are crucial for overall health, and it’s hard to
say one is more important than the other. They’re interconnected and rely on each other. For
instance, physical exercise has a significant impact on mental well-being. Regular physical
activity has been proven to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. When we exercise, our
bodies release endorphins, which are chemicals that make us feel happier and more relaxed.
For example, I always feel better mentally after a workout. On the other hand, mental well-
being plays a critical role in our physical health as well. If we’re stressed or anxious, it can
affect our sleep patterns, appetite, and energy levels, which can, in turn, affect our physical
health. If someone isn’t mentally well, they may struggle to find the motivation to exercise or
take care of their body. So, I believe the two go hand-in-hand, and a balance of both physical
activity and mental care is necessary for a healthy and fulfilling life."