Subject Main Topic Sub-topics / Details

● Polity ● Top Priority Topics - 1 (Chapters 22–46: High-Probability Areas)

● 1. Parliament (Ch. ● Articles 79–122 (especially Articles 110, 112, 123);

22–26) Money Bill vs Financial Bill vs Ordinary Bill (Very
Important); Parliamentary Privileges — Individual and
Collective; Zero Hour, Question Hour, Devices of
Parliamentary Proceedings; Legislative Procedure in
Parliament — Ordinary, Money, Financial Bills; Special
Powers of Rajya Sabha (Article 249, 312); Joint Sitting
(Article 108) — when and how?

● 2. Parliamentary ● Types of Committees — Standing, Ad hoc; Public

Committees (Ch. Accounts Committee (PAC) — Composition and Role;
27–28) Estimates Committee vs PAC vs Committee on Public
Undertakings; Department Related Standing Committees
(DRSCs) — Structure

● 3. President, Vice- ● Election Process (Articles 54, 55) — UPSC favorite!;

President (Ch. 29– Pardoning Powers (Article 72) — Types: Pardon,
30) Commute, Remit, etc.; Ordinance Making Power (Article
123) — Conditions; Impeachment Process (Article 61)

● 4. Prime Minister, ● Collective Responsibility vs Individual Responsibility;

Council of Ministers Cabinet Committees — especially Appointments
(Ch. 31–32) Committee

● 5. Governor (Ch. 34) ● Appointment, Removal (Article 155–156); Discretionary

Powers; Comparison with President

● 6. Chief Minister, ● Relation between CM and Governor; Real vs Nominal

State Council of Executive in States
Ministers (Ch. 35–
36)

● 7. State Legislature ● Legislative Assembly vs Legislative Council;

(Ch. 37–38) Creation/Abolition of Legislative Councils (Article 169);
 Money Bill Procedure in States

● 8. Judiciary: ● Original, Appellate, Advisory Jurisdiction (Articles 131,

Supreme Court (Ch. 132–136, 143); Writ Jurisdiction (Article 32) — Types of
39) Writs; Judicial Review vs Judicial Activism vs PIL —
Definitions & Differences

● 9. High Courts (Ch. ● Article 226 — Writs by High Courts (Comparison with
40) Article 32); Appointment and Removal of High Court
Judges

● 10. Tribunals and ● Tribunal System — 42nd Amendment, 44th Amendment

Subordinate Courts changes; Fast-Track Courts, Gram Nyayalayas — Basics
(Ch. 41–42)

● 11. Special ● 6th Schedule — Administration of Tribal Areas (Assam,

Provisions for Some Meghalaya, etc.); Article 371 to 371-J — Special
States (Ch. 43–46) Provisions for Specific States; Difference between 5th
and 6th Schedule

● Quick Tip for 29th ● Articles 32, 72, 110, 123, 131, 249, 312, 371–371J;
April Money Bill vs Financial Bill; Powers of President, PM,
Governor; Jurisdiction of Supreme Court and High Court;
Parliamentary Committees (PAC, Estimates Committee)

● Important topics Polity - 2

●
● 1. Local ● 73rd & 74th Amendments (1992); Gram Sabha,
Government (Ch. Panchayat Raj Institutions, Urban Local Bodies; State
47–48) Election Commission (Article 243K)

● 2. Union Territories ● Administration of UTs (Article 239); Difference between

& Special Areas (Ch. UT with Legislature (Delhi, Puducherry) and without;
49–50) Scheduled & Tribal Areas (Fifth and Sixth Schedules)

● 3. Constitutional ● Election Commission – Article 324, powers, recent

Bodies (Ch. 51–58) reforms; UPSC & SPSC – Appointment, Removal,
Functions; Finance Commission – Article 280, Role in
 Devolution; CAG – Article 148, auditing functions;
Attorney General & Advocate General; GST Council –
Composition and Function

● 4. Non- ● NITI Aayog – Structure, difference from Planning

Constitutional Commission; NHRC, CIC, CVC – Appointment, Powers,
Bodies (Ch. 59–60) Limitations; Lokpal – Composition, Jurisdiction

● 5. Political Parties & ● Recognition of Parties (National vs State); Anti-Defection

Anti-Defection Law Law – Tenth Schedule, Exceptions, Role of Speaker
(Ch. 61–62)

● 6. Election Laws ● RPA 1950 vs RPA 1951 – Key differences; Qualifications

(Ch. 63) and Disqualifications; Electoral Reforms (Recent
proposals by EC, VVPAT, etc.)

● 7. Polity Current ● Recent Supreme Court Judgments on: Basic Structure,

Affairs (Last 1 Year) Governor’s Role, Role of Speaker in Disqualifications;
Important Bills/Acts: Chief Election Commissioner Act (if
passed or proposed), Criminal Law Bills (impact on
fundamental rights); Political funding reforms – Electoral
Bonds case; Issues with Delimitation, One Nation One
Election

● Economy ● Day 1 Revision Plan: Chapters 1–8 + Economic Survey

● Ch 1: Basics of ● Micro vs Macro; Positive vs Normative; Types of

Economics Economies; Opportunity Cost, PPC; Production,
Consumption, Distribution

● Ch 2: National ● GDP, GNP, NNP, NDP (at factor cost & market price);
Income Accounting Methods of measuring NI: Income, Expenditure,
Production; Real vs Nominal GDP; GDP Deflator

● Ch 3: Growth and ● Difference between growth & development; HDI, GDI,

Development MPI; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); Types of
growth: Inclusive, Green, Jobless

● Ch 4: Economic ● Types: Indicative vs Directive; Five Year Plans: Focus

 Planning in India areas; NITI Aayog: Structure, functions; SDG India Index

● Ch 5: Poverty ● Definitions: Tendulkar, Rangarajan; Absolute vs Relative

Poverty; Multidimensional Poverty Index; Schemes:
PMAY, MGNREGA

● Ch 6: ● Types: Seasonal, Structural, Cyclical, Frictional; NSSO

Unemployment Measures: UPS, UPSS, CWS, CDS; PLFS data highlights;
Schemes: PMEGP, NREGA, Start-up India

● Ch 7: Inflation ● WPI vs CPI, Core Inflation; Causes and Types: Demand-

pull, Cost-push; Effects of Inflation; RBI’s Inflation
Targeting

● Ch 8: Money and ● Functions of money; Money Supply: M1–M4; Commercial

Banking Banks, NBFCs, RRBs; RBI: Functions, Monetary tools –
CRR, SLR, Repo, Reverse Repo

● Economic Survey ● Focus Areas: Eco Survey Focus Magazine; Key themes:
(Latest) Formalization, Productivity, Employment; Macro trends:
GDP growth, Inflation, Current Account; Sectoral
performance: Agri, MSMEs, Manufacturing; Any new
indices/data sources introduced

● Economy Day 2 Revision Plan : Monetary System to Public Finance + Union Budget

●
● 1. Monetary System ● Money Supply Aggregates: M1, M3; High-Powered Money
(Ch 9) (H) and Money Multiplier; Liquidity Concepts: L1, L2, L3;
Near Money & Crypto assets (basic understanding)

● 2. Banking (Ch 10) ● Types of Banks: Commercial, Co-operative, RRBs;

Banking Sector Reforms: Basel norms, NPA classification;
Types of Accounts: CASA, Term deposits; Financial
Inclusion Tools: PM Jan Dhan Yojana, UPI, BharatNet;
Digital Banking & Neo Banks

● 3. RBI & Monetary ● RBI Functions: Monetary authority, banker to govt,

Policy (Ch 11) regulator; Monetary Policy Tools: Quantitative (Repo,
Reverse Repo, CRR, SLR, OMOs), Qualitative (Margin
 requirements, moral suasion); Monetary Policy
Committee (MPC): 6 members, inflation targeting;
Inflation Targeting Regime: 4% ± 2% till 2026; Recent
Policy Rates: Repo, Bank Rate, MSF (update if possible)

● 4. Financial Markets ● Money Market Instruments: Call money, Treasury Bills,

(Ch 12) CP, CD; Capital Market: Equity, Bonds, Debentures;
Regulators: SEBI (capital), RBI (money market), IRDAI,
PFRDA; Stock Market Concepts: IPO, FPO, Bull/Bear,
Indices; Recent IPOs, Disinvestment drive (FY24/FY25)

● 5. Budget & Public ● Budget Structure; Revenue vs Capital Receipts &

Finance (Ch 13–15) Expenditure; Types of Deficits: Fiscal, Primary, Revenue;
FRBM Act Targets: 3% FD, Debt-to-GDP goal; Gender,
Child & Outcome Budgeting

● Taxation ● Direct Taxes: Income Tax, Corporate Tax; Indirect Taxes:

GST, Customs, Excise; GST Structure: CGST, SGST, IGST;
GST Council: Composition, voting mechanism; Tax
Buoyancy & Elasticity

● Union Budget 2024– ● Fiscal Consolidation Path: Fiscal Deficit ~5.1% target
25: Key Focus Areas (expected), Revenue Deficit trends; Capital Expenditure:
Focus on infra: Railways, Roads, Energy, PM Gati Shakti,
Green Hydrogen Mission; Tax Proposals: Personal
Income Tax, Corporate Tax; Social Sector Focus: PM
Awas Yojana, Jal Jeevan Mission, PM Poshan Scheme,
Skill development & youth employment; New
Schemes/Announcements: MSME credit expansion,
Sovereign Green Bonds 2.0, AI, semiconductor,
renewable energy focus; Disinvestment Target; Defence,
Health, and Education allocations

● Economy Day 3 Revision Plan

●
● From Economy Blue ● 1. Agriculture: Doubling Farmers’ Income, PM-KISAN,
Book (Ch 16–21): MSP, e-NAM, Agri-Infrastructure Fund, Organic & Natural
Farming, Agri Exports; 2. Industries: PLI Scheme (sector-
wise), Make in India, Startup India, Industrial Corridors,
MSME sector reforms; 3. Service Sector: Share in GDP,
employment, and exports, IT-BPM, Tourism, Health &
Education Services, Gig Economy; 4. Infrastructure:
 National Infrastructure Pipeline, Gati Shakti Master Plan,
Power, Road, Rail, Water, and Telecom initiatives; 5.
Investment Models: PPP models (BOT, BOOT, HAM),
Monetization Pipeline, FDI norms and recent trends; 6.
Sustainable Development: Green GDP, Carbon Trading,
ESG, SDGs & India's performance

● From Focus ● Key economic developments and policy announcements;

Magazine (Economy New schemes related to MSMEs, Infra, or Services; FDI &
– March 2025 trade policy updates; Agriculture export policy, MSP
edition): reforms; Any recent RBI or SEBI interventions; Key data
points from Budget and Survey (reiterated)

● Ancient ● Ancient History – High-Value Topics (Source: NCERT + Blue Book)

History

● 1. Prehistoric ● Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic cultures – tools,

Cultures regions, economy.

● 2. Indus Valley ● Major sites (Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira,

Civilization Rakhigarhi); Urban planning, drainage, trade, religion,
art, decline theories

● 3. Vedic Age ● Early vs Later Vedic society, polity, economy;

Differences in religious practices

● 4. Mahajanapadas & ● 16 Mahajanapadas & their locations; Jainism: 24

Buddhism/Jainism Tirthankaras, principles; Buddhism: Councils, Sects
(Hinayana, Mahayana), Symbols, Sites

● 5. Mauryan Empire ● Ashoka: Dhamma, Edicts, Kalinga War; Administration,

Arthashastra, Megasthenes

● 6. Post-Mauryan ● Indo-Greeks, Shakas, Kushanas (Kanishka); Sangam Age

Kingdoms – literature, economy, society

● 7. Gupta Empire ● Golden Age features – science, literature, art;

Administration, Economy, Decline
 ● 8. Harsha & ● Harshavardhana's administration and religious
Regional Kingdoms patronage; Chalukyas, Pallavas – contributions to art and
architecture

● Medieval ● Medieval History – UPSC-Focused Areas (Source: NCERT + Blue Book)

History

● 1. Delhi Sultanate ● Slave, Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, Lodi dynasties;

Administration, Iqta system; Architecture (Qutub Minar,
Alai Darwaza)

● 2. Vijayanagar ● Dynasties, Administration; Battle of Talikota; Hampi –

Empire art, literature, economy

● 3. Bhakti and Sufi ● Key saints: Kabir, Guru Nanak, Basava, Chaitanya; Sufi
Movements orders (Chishti, Suhrawardi) and doctrines

● 4. Mughal Empire ● Important Emperors: Akbar (Din-i-Ilahi, administration),

Aurangzeb; Mansabdari system, Zabti system; Mughal
architecture and painting

● 5. Regional ● Rajput states, Marathas (Shivaji’s administration);

Kingdoms & Decline Causes of Mughal decline
of Mughals

● Art & ● Art & Culture (Priority Topics)

Culture

● 1. Architecture ● Indus Valley Civilization – town planning, unique

features; Buddhist Architecture – Stupas (Sanchi),
Chaityas, Viharas; Hindu Temple Architecture: Nagara
(North) – features, subtypes (Orissan, Khajuraho),
Dravida (South) – gopuram, vimana, examples
(Brihadeshwara), Vesara (Deccan) – hybrid style;
Medieval Architecture: Sultanate – arches, domes, Indo-
Islamic features, Mughal – Humayun’s tomb, Taj Mahal,
Red Fort, etc.; Focus: Identifying features, location-
based questions, patronage

● 2. Sculpture & ● Mauryan Art – Ashokan pillars, lion capital; Gandhara,

Iconography Mathura, Amravati Schools – stylistic differences; Chola
 Bronzes – Nataraja, technical excellence; Focus:
Features & styles, religious themes, period matching

● 3. Painting ● Prehistoric (Bhimbetka); Murals – Ajanta, Bagh caves;

Miniature Paintings: Mughal, Rajput, Pahari, Deccan
schools; Modern Indian Painters – Ravi Varma, Amrita
Sher-Gil; Focus: Schools + regional features, patron
kings

● 4. Music ● Classical Music – Hindustani vs Carnatic: instruments,

gharanas; Folk Music – state-wise unique forms; Focus:
Classical vs Folk, key instruments & personalities

● 5. Dance ● Classical Dances (8 recognised forms) – Bharatnatyam,

Kathak, Kathakali, Manipuri, Odissi, Kuchipudi,
Mohiniyattam, Sattriya; Folk Dances – Bihu, Garba,
Ghoomar, Kalbelia, etc.; Focus: Classical dance + origin
state + distinguishing feature

● 6. Literature ● Ancient – Vedas, Upanishads, Epics, Sangam; Medieval –

Bhakti/Sufi poetry, Persian works; Modern –
Contributions by reformers and freedom fighters; Focus:
Author-work match, language, era

● 7. Religion & ● Six Schools of Philosophy (Shad Darshanas); Jainism &

Philosophy Buddhism – symbolism, art & relics; Focus: Core
doctrines + associated art forms

● 8. Miscellaneous ● UNESCO World Heritage Sites (Cultural); Puppetry,

Theatre forms – Kathputli, Yakshagana; Martial Arts –
Kalaripayattu, Thang-Ta; Festivals – region and cultural
importance; Coins, Seals, Inscriptions; Focus: Culture-
region matching, heritage tag, uniqueness

● Modern ● Modern Indian History – High Priority Topics

History

● 1. Advent of ● Portuguese, Dutch, British, French: Arrival &

Europeans in India Settlements; Anglo-French Rivalry; Battle of Plassey
(1757), Battle of Buxar (1764)
● 2. British Expansion ● Subsidiary Alliance, Doctrine of Lapse; Important
& Consolidation Governors-General: Warren Hastings (Judicial Reforms),
Cornwallis (Permanent Settlement), Wellesley
(Subsidiary Alliance), Dalhousie (Modern Reforms,
Doctrine of Lapse)

● 3. Revolt of 1857 ● Causes, Centers, Leaders; Nature of the Revolt; British

Suppression & Consequences; Government of India Act,
1858

● 4. Socio-Religious ● Raja Ram Mohan Roy & Brahmo Samaj; Arya Samaj,
Reform Movements Aligarh Movement, Theosophical Society; Narayana
Guru, Jyotiba Phule, Satyashodhak Samaj; Role of
women reformers (Pandita Ramabai, Savitribai Phule)

● 5. Rise of Indian ● Formation of INC (1885) – A.O. Hume, objectives;

Nationalism Moderates vs Extremists (1885–1907); Surat Split
(1907); Swadeshi Movement, Bengal Partition (1905)

● 6. Gandhian Phase ● Champaran, Kheda, Ahmedabad (1917–18); Rowlatt Act

(1919), Jallianwala Bagh Massacre; Non-Cooperation
Movement (1920); Civil Disobedience Movement (1930),
Dandi March; Quit India Movement (1942)

● 7. Revolutionary ● Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, HSRA; Ghadar

Movements Party, Anushilan Samiti; Kakori Conspiracy, Hindustan
Republican Association

● 8. Left & Peasant ● Trade Union Movements; Kisan Sabha Movement;

Movements Tebhaga, Telangana, Moplah Rebellion

● 9. Role of Subhas ● Forward Bloc, Indian National Army, Azad Hind

Chandra Bose & INA Government; Singapore Proclamation, Moirang Insignia

● 10. Constitutional ● Acts: 1909, 1919, 1935; Simon Commission, Nehru

Development Report (1928), Round Table Conferences; Cripps Mission
(1942), Cabinet Mission (1946)

● 11. Partition & ● Mountbatten Plan; Indian Independence Act, 1947;

 Independence Integration of Princely States

● Geograp ● Geography Day 1 Priority Areas

hy

●
● 1. Earth & Universe ● Big Bang Theory (basic understanding); Origin of the
Earth (nebular hypothesis); Geoid shape of the Earth;
Latitudes, Longitudes, Time zones (incl. International
Date Line); Solar system: Moon, planets, asteroids,
comets

● 2. Interior of the ● Structure of Earth: Crust, Mantle, Core; Earth’s

Earth composition: Sial, Sima; Seismic waves: P-waves, S-
waves, their properties; How seismic waves help
determine Earth's interior; Discontinuities: Mohorovicic,
Gutenberg, Lehmann

● 3. Distribution of ● Continental Drift Theory (Wegener’s theory); Seafloor

Oceans and Spreading and Plate Tectonics (most important); Plate
Continents boundaries: convergent, divergent, transform;
Movement of plates and formation of mountains, rifts,
trenches

● 4. Earthquake and ● Causes and types of earthquakes; Focus, Epicenter,

Volcanism Seismograph, Richter & Moment Magnitude scales;
Earthquake-prone zones of India (Zonation map);
Volcano types: shield, composite, cinder cone;
Distribution of volcanoes (Pacific Ring of Fire,
Mediterranean Belt)

● 5. Geomorphic ● Exogenic vs Endogenic processes; Weathering: types

Processes (physical, chemical, biological); Erosion and mass
movement (slump, landslide, creep); Gradational
processes and their impact on landforms

● 6. Formation of ● Fluvial landforms: meanders, oxbow lakes, floodplains;

Landforms by Aeolian landforms: dunes, loess; Glacial landforms:
Various Agents moraines, U-shaped valleys; Coastal landforms: stacks,
cliffs, wave-cut platforms; Karst topography: stalactites,
stalagmites
 ● 7. Formation of ● (Same as above — revise agent-specific features and
Landforms their examples thoroughly.)
(Continued)

● 8. Oceanography ● Ocean relief: ridges, trenches, abyssal plains; Ocean

currents (warm & cold): especially Kuroshio, Gulf
Stream, Labrador; Tides and their causes (Spring, Neap);
El Niño, La Niña, and Indian Ocean Dipole (very
important); Coral reefs: types and threats

● 9. Climatology ● Structure and composition of atmosphere; Temperature

layers and Lapse Rate; Wind systems: Trade, Westerlies,
Monsoon winds; Pressure belts and their seasonal shift;
Cyclones: Tropical (hurricanes, typhoons) and
Temperate (fronts); Rainfall types: Convectional,
Orographic, Cyclonic

● Geography Day 2 ( Priority Areas)

●
● 10. Thunderstorm & ● High Priority – Current & Static relevance; Thunderstorm
Cyclone formation: convection, cumulonimbus clouds, lightning;
Tropical cyclones: conditions, stages, structure (eye,
eyewall); Temperate cyclones: formation (fronts),
characteristics; Differences: tropical vs temperate
cyclones; Indian context: Bay of Bengal vs Arabian Sea
cyclones, naming, IMD alerts; Recent cyclone case
studies (e.g., Mocha, Biparjoy – if asked in CA)

● 11. Climate ● Moderate to High Priority; Koppen’s classification: basis

Classification (temperature + precipitation), key types (Af, Am, Aw,
BSh, Cfa, Dfc, ET, EF); Thornthwaite: focus on
evapotranspiration (conceptual Qs); Trewartha (low
priority unless directly mentioned); India's climatic zones
in Koppen (e.g., Am in Mumbai, Aw in Deccan)

● 12. Climatic Regions ● Moderate Priority – Map-based Qs possible; Tropical

of the Earth (and (Equatorial, Savanna, Monsoon); Dry (Desert – BWh,
continuation) Steppe – BSh); Temperate (Mediterranean, China type,
Marine west coast); Cold (Taiga, Tundra); Polar (Icecap);
Key features: rainfall, vegetation, temperature range;
Example locations for each
 ● 13. Revision ● Focus on: Diagrams (cyclone structure, air masses);
World map markings (climatic regions); Indian monsoon
vs global wind systems

● 14. Geological ● Moderate Priority – Conceptual & factual; Indian cratons:

Structure Peninsular block, Archean rocks; Himalayas: tectonic
origin, newness; Faults, folds, plate boundaries (basic
understanding); Gondwana & Tethys Sea relevance

● 15. Physiography of ● High Priority – Map + Theory based Qs; Himalayas:

India divisions (trans-Himalayas, greater, lesser, Shiwalik),
passes; Northern Plains: Bhabar, Terai, Khadar, Bhangar;
Peninsular Plateau: Central Highlands, Deccan,
Chotanagpur; Coastal Plains: Eastern vs Western, deltas;
Islands: Andaman vs Nicobar, Lakshadweep – origin &
features

● Top Priority for MCQ ● Cyclone structure + recent examples; Koppen types +
Focus: Indian mapping; Climatic region features (1-liner Qs);
Indian physiography: divisions + key rivers, mountains,
passes; Geological age/order of Indian landforms

● Geography Day 3 ( high-priority areas )

●
● 1. Drainage System ● Himalayan vs Peninsular rivers (features & examples);
Important river systems: Ganga, Brahmaputra, Godavari,
Narmada, Krishna, Mahanadi; River tributaries (e.g.,
Yamuna, Chambal, Kosi); Inland drainage in India (e.g.,
Luni River); River disputes & interlinking projects

● 2. Soil ● Types of soils in India (Black, Alluvial, Red, Laterite,

etc.); Soil conservation methods; Soil erosion & its
causes; ICAR classification; Soil Health Card Scheme
(Current Affairs linkage)

● 3. Natural ● Types: Tropical evergreen, deciduous, thorn, mountain,

Vegetation mangroves; Forest types & corresponding regions;
Biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries
(map-based questions); Reserved vs Protected forests
● 4. Watershed ● Concept of watershed; Benefits of watershed
Management management; Government initiatives (e.g., Integrated
Watershed Management Programme)

● 5. Thermal Power ● Major thermal power plants (map-based); Fuel sources

(coal belt locations); Environmental impact; NTPC &
Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs)

● 6. Nuclear Energy ● Nuclear power plants in India (map); Nuclear fuel

sources (Uranium & Thorium belts); International
agreements (e.g., Indo-US nuclear deal, NSG); Fast
Breeder Reactors

● 7. Hydroelectric ● Major hydropower projects (Tehri, Sardar Sarovar,

Power Bhakra Nangal); Run-of-the-river vs reservoir-based;
Issues with dams (submergence, displacement);
Potential vs installed capacity

● 8. Agriculture ● Cropping patterns (Rabi, Kharif, Zaid); Green Revolution

crops & regions; MSP mechanism, APMC, e-NAM; Agri-
climatic zones; Major crop producers (map-based)

● 9. Indian Monsoon ● Mechanism (ITCZ, El Niño, Jet Streams, Somali Current);

Onset & withdrawal; Variability & regional impacts;
Western Disturbances

● 10. Minerals ● Major minerals & their states (Coal, Iron, Bauxite,
Manganese, Uranium); Mining locations (map-based);
India’s strategic minerals (Rare Earths, Lithium, Cobalt -
current affairs)

● 11. Transport ● Golden Quadrilateral, Bharatmala, Sagarmala (map &

scheme-based); Inland waterways; Railway zones,
Dedicated Freight Corridors

● 12. Population & ● Population distribution & density; Census trends;

Settlement Urbanisation trends & classification; Slums & Smart
Cities
● 13. Tribes ● Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs); Tribal
groups by region (e.g., Bhils, Gonds, Todas, Jarawas);
Tribal welfare schemes (e.g., Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana)

● 14. Islands and ● Location of Andaman-Nicobar & Lakshadweep; Coral reef

Corals types (fringing, barrier, atoll); Gulf of Mannar, Gulf of
Kachchh (marine biodiversity hotspots); Threats to coral
reefs (bleaching, pollution)