DISCUSSION
The term "medicinal plants" refers to plants whose various parts, including fruit,
leaves, stems, backs, flowers, and juice, have therapeutic uses or act as building
blocks for the creation of beneficial medications. Comparing recent study with
Tetrapleura tetraptera reported from plants in different parts of the world has
revealed some variances in quantity and quality( Oyedemi et al., 2013)
Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins are just a few of the bioactive
substances that can be extracted from plants using polar solvents (Aktar et al.,
2010; Rauf, 2014). Depending on the component content of the chosen plant and
the mechanism of action, these products include antioxidant, antibacterial,
antifungal, and anticancer properties (Nuewinger, 2011; Tijjani and Ndukwe,
2011; Sekar et al., 2012). In addition, plants contain other chemicals with anti-S.
aureus activity, including glycosides, anthraquinones, and tannins, as previously
documented (Tijjani and Ndukwe, 2011; Sekar et al., 2012).
Depending on several elements including extraction techniques, location and
growth circumstances, harvest time, etc., the number and makeup of organisms
may differ across related or dissimilar plant species as well as depending on these
elements (Kane et al., 2011). The plant exhibits gram-positive bacterial activity.
Strong antibacterial activity has been demonstrated by Tetrapleura tetraptera
against S. aureus and E. coli. The antibacterial activity of the current samples rivals
that of Tetrapleura tetraptera from other regions of the globe when other examined
viruses are inhibited from growing (Aiyegoro and Okoh, 2009).
The methanolic extract demonstrated antibacterial activity at various doses against
Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli, both of which had 10–25 mm
zones of inhibition, as shown in Table 1. Similar to this, antibacterial activity was
present against Gram-negative E. coli at all doses, but only at 500 mg/ml, 250
mg/ml, 125 mg/ml, and 62.5 mg/ml.
The zone of inhibition for a methanolic extract on E. coli at a concentration of 500
mg/ml is 22.00 mm, while the zone of inhibition for a methanolic extract on S.
aureus at the same concentration is 25.00 mm. According to ( Geyyid et al., 2005),
this difference in activity may be explained by the phytochemical makeup of crude
extracts of the chosen plant species. Few research, meanwhile, have examined our
current findings on the antibacterial efficacy of Tetraptera tetrapleura crude
extracts against the bacterial strains studied.
When compared to different species of microbes, the quality and amount of stem
chemical elements play a significant role in the diversity of activity. The primary
constituents of essential oils or interactions between big and small components
may be responsible for the antibacterial activity of these substances (Aiyegoro and
Okoh, 2009).
CONCLUSION
The antibacterial action of plant extracts is concentration-dependent, with
concentration increasing the amount of inhibition against isolates. Additionally, it
has been demonstrated that in some cases, these species develop a resistance to
lower concentrations. Another option is that the bacteria are growing in a biofilm
condition, which has been found to be resistant to treatment, necessitating the use
of higher concentrations and different extracts.
The data presented here show that the formation of the Tetrapleura tetraptera was
important in demonstrating E coli and S. aureus with MIC compared to other
results. Overall, the study revealed antimicrobial potency of the important stem
derived from Tetrapleura tetraptera.
RECOMMENDATION
To help combat some bacteria and fungi and accomplish the Nigerian
Millennium Goal of greater health for all by the year 2030, Tetrapleura
tetraptera will need to be used in a mixture of 500, 250, 125, and
62.5mg/ml and mostly as an essential oil.
APPENDIX I
Analysis of variance for the mean zone of inhibition obtained by the activity of
the methanol extract of stem and leaves ofTetrapleura Tetraptera on the test
isolates
The mean zones of inhibition obtained for the antibacterial activity of methanol
extract of Tetrapleura tertraptera on the test organisms was tested using Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA) at p = 0.05 level of significant.
The Null Hypothesis (H0) and Alternative Hypothesis (H1) are represented as
follows:
H0: There is no significant difference in the mean zones of inhibition of the test
organisms isolates.
H1: There is a significant difference inthe mean zones of inhibition of the test
organisms isolates.
SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance Std. Dev
E. coli 4 64 16 4.3205
S. aureus 4 78 19.5 4.6547
ANOVA
Source of SS df MS F stat P-valu F critical
Variation
Between 427.6875 3 142.5625 5.8637 0.0105 3.49
groups
Within 291.7509 12 24.3126
groups
Total 719.4384 15
The test statistic for the table above has a F value of 5.86 and, at a 0.05 level of significance, a
crucial F0.05 of 3, 12 = 3.49. The null hypothesis (H0) is rejected because the test statistic is
greater than the critical value, and the alternative hypothesis is accepted because there is a
significant difference in the zones of inhibition of the test isolates at various concentrations of
Tetrapleura tertraptera extract. Additionally, the test statistic's value (0.01) is 0.01 and, because p
0.05, it is significant at that level.
APPENDIX III
Antimicrobial activity of Tetrapleura tetraptera on E.coli
Antimicrobial activity of H. suaveolens on S. aureus
Biochemical test of E. coli
Biochemical test for S.aureus
