M.P.

11/04/21 8:01 PM

Interview notes by Apala Mishra( Upsc AIR 09)

Symbols of
Madhya
Pradesh
Dance Maanch
Mammal
Barasingha- Swamp deer. Vulnerable.
The swamp deer differs from all other Indian deer species in that
the antlers carry more than three tines. Because of this distinctive
character it is designated bārah-singgā, meaning "twelve-horned"
in Hindustani.[4] Mature stags usually have 10 to 14 tines, and some
have been known to have up to 20
Bird
Indian Paradise Flycatcher
Fish
Mahseer[10]
Flower
white lily[11]
Fruit
Mango
Tree
Banyan Tree
• MP Literacy rate-
• Male 80.5 Female 60.0 Gap 20.5

• Pvtg - MP has 3 PVTGs: Sahariya, Bharia & Baiga....

• Sex ratio- Madhya Pradesh has sex ratio of 931. In rural areas of the state it is 936
while for urban areas it is much lower at 918 females per 1000 males.
• Language- Official:Hindi Regionally Spoken:Marathi, Bhili, Gondi, Korku, Kalto
• Reorganization- In 1956, this state was reorganised and its parts were combined with
the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal to form the new Madhya
Pradesh state, the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region was removed and merged
with the Bombay State.
• Tourism-
• Industries- paper (orient paper mill), cement industry, mineral industry, ayurvedic
medicine (Jive ayurveda)
• BASIC
○ state in central India.
○ Its capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore,
with Jabalpur, Gwalior, Ujjain, Satna, and Sagar being the other major cities.
○ Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth
largest state by population with over 72 million residents.
○ It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the
southeast, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to
the northwest.
○ The area covered by the present-day Madhya Pradesh includes the area of
the ancient Avanti Mahajanapada, whose capital Ujjain (also known as
Avantika) arose as a major city during the second wave of Indian
urbanisation in the sixth century BCE.
○ Subsequently, the region was ruled by the major dynasties of India.
○ The Maratha empire dominated the majority of the 18th century.
○ After the Anglo Maratha Wars 19th century, the region was divided into
several princely states under the British and incorporated into Central
Provinces and Berar and the Central India Agency.
○ After India's independence, Madhya Pradesh state was created
with Nagpur as its capital: this state included the southern parts of the
present-day Madhya Pradesh and northeastern portion of today's
Maharashtra.
○ In 1956, this state was reorganised and its parts were combined with the
states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal to form the new
Madhya Pradesh state, the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region was removed
and merged with the Bombay State. This state was the largest in India by
area until 2000, when its southeastern Chhattisgarh region was designated a
separate state.
○ The economy of Madhya Pradesh is the tenth-largest state economy in India
with ₹8.09 lakh crore (US$110 billion) in gross domestic product and a per
capita GDP of ₹90,000 (US$1,300).
○ Madhya Pradesh ranks 32nd among Indian states in human development
index.
○ Rich in mineral resources, Madhya Pradesh has the largest reserves
of diamond and copper in India. More than 30% of its area is under forest
cover.
○ Its tourism industry has seen considerable growth, with the state topping the
National Tourism Awards in 2010–11. In recent years, the state's GDP
growth has been above the national average. In 2019-20, state's GSDP was
recorded at 9.07

• GEOGRAPHY
○ Madhya Pradesh literally means "Central Province", and is located in the
geographic heart of India in between the latitude of 21.6°N–26.30°N and
longitude of 74°9'E–82°48'E. The state straddles the Narmada River, which
runs east and west between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges; these ranges
and the Narmada are the traditional boundaries between the north and south
of India. The highest point in Madhya Pradesh is Dhupgarh, with an
elevation of 1,350 m (4,429 ft).[27]
The state is bordered on the west by Gujarat, on the northwest by Rajasthan,
on the northeast by Uttar Pradesh, on the east by Chhattisgarh, and on the
south by Maharashtra.
○ Madhya Pradesh is home to ten National Parks;
§ Bandhavgarh National Park,
§ Kanha National Park,
§ Satpura National Park,
§ Sanjay National Park,
§ Madhav National Park,
§ Van Vihar National Park,
§ Mandla Plant Fossils National Park,
§ Panna National Park,
§ Pench National Park and Dinosaur National Park, Dhar
○ There are also a number of nature reserves, including Amarkantak, Bagh
Caves, Balaghat, Bori Natural Reserve, Ken Gharial, Ghatigaon, Kuno
Palpur, Narwar, Chambal, Kukdeshwar, Narsinghgarh, Nora
Dehi, Pachmarhi, Panpatha, Shikarganj, Patalkot, and Tamia.
○ Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve in Satpura Range, Amarkantak biosphere
reserve and Panna National Park are three of the 18 biosphere reserves in
India. Most of them are located in eastern Madhya Pradesh near Jabalpur.
○ Kanha, Bandhavgarh, Pench, Panna, and Satpura National Parks are
managed as Project Tiger areas. The National Chambal Sanctuary is
managed for conservation of gharial and mugger, river dolphin, smooth-
coated otter and a number of turtle species. Ken-gharial and Son-gharial
sanctuaries are managed for conservation of gharial and mugger.
The barasingha is the state animal and the dudhraj is the state bird of
Madhya Pradesh.
○ Pench - Mogli by Rudyard Kipling
○ Bandhavgarh- Highest density of tigers. So tigers can be easily spotted
○ Kanha- Huge plains and grasslands
○ Based on composition, the teak and sal forests are the important forest
formations in the state. Bamboo-bearing areas are widely distributed.
○ Narmada- begins in Amarkantak and ends in Arabian sea
○ Dams on Narmada- Sardar sarovar, Omkareshwar, Bargi dam
○ Dams on Chambal- Gandhi sagar (Mandsaur)
○ Sindhia Dynasty
○ Laxmibai samadhi- Gwalior (near phul bagh)
○ AREAS-
§ Western- Malwa
• Mountain ranges
○ Vindhya
○ Satpura
• Animals-
○ Bison
○ Barasingha
○ Jackal
○ White tiger
• Cheetah relocation
○ Recently, the Supreme Court has lifted its seven-year-long stay on a
proposal to introduce African Cheetahs from Namibia into the
Indian habitat.
○ Court has now allowed to initiate the re-introduction of foreign
Cheetahs into the Palpur Kuno sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh on
an experimental basis. In 1952, the Asiatic Cheetah was officially
declared extinct from India.

• Lion relocation
○ Kuno Palpur wildlife sanctuary

• Religious sites-
○ Omkareshwar , Maheshwar
○ 12 shiv lingas??
○ Khajuraho

• PRE-HISTORIC SITES
○ BHIMBETKA-
§ Bhimbetka caves are located in the Raisen District of Madhya Pradesh.
These Rock Shelters are in the foothills of the Vindhyan Mountains on
the southern edge of the central Indian plateau. Dr V. S. Wakankar
(one of the most renowned archeologists) , discovered these caves in
1958.
§ The word 'Bhimbetka', derived from 'Bhim Baitka'. These caves are
named after 'Bhima', one of the five Pandavas of Mahabharata.
Bhimbetika simply means “sitting place of Bhima".
§ Continuous occupation of these caves from 100000 BC to 1000 AD.
§ Some of the Bhimbetka rock shelters feature prehistoric cave
paintings and the earliest are about 10,000 years old (c. 8,000 BCE),
corresponding to the Indian Mesolithic
§ As of February 2021, Dickinsonia has been reported at Bhimbetka.
§ One of the oldest paintings in India and the world.
§ Period I (Upper Palaeolithic)
1) Linear representations of animals like bison, tigers, elephants,
rhinos and boars; stick-like human figures.
2) Paintings in green and dark red. Green paintings are of dancers
and red ones are of hunters.
• Period II (Mesolithic)
1) The largest number of paintings in this period.
2) More themes but paintings reduce in size.
3) Mostly hunting scenes – people hunting in groups with barbed
spears, arrows and bows, and pointed sticks. Also, show traps
and snares to catch animals.
4) Hunters wear simple clothes; some men are shown with
headdresses and masks. Women have been shown both clothed
and in the nude.
5) Animals seen – elephants, bisons, bears, tigers, deer, antelopes,
leopards, panthers, rhinos, frogs, lizards, fish, squirrels and birds.
6) Children are seen playing and jumping. Some scenes depict
family life.
• Period III (Chalcolithic)
1) Cross-hatched squares, lattices, pottery and metal tools are
depicted.
2) Colours used in Bhimbetka paintings – white, yellow, orange,
red ochre, purple, brown, green and black. Most common
colours – white and red.
3) Red obtained from haematite (geru); green from chalcedony;
white probably from limestone.
4) Brushes were made from plant fibre.
5) In some places, there are many layers of paintings, sometimes 20.
• Period IV & V – (Early historic): The figures of this group have a
schematic and decorative style and are painted mainly in red, white
and yellow. The association is of riders, depiction of religious symbols,
tunic-like dresses and the existence of scripts of different periods. The
religious beliefs are represented by figures of yakshas, tree gods and
magical sky chariots.[citation needed]
Period VI & VII – (Medieval): These paintings are geometric linear
and more schematic, but they show degeneration and crudeness in
their artistic style. The colors used by the cave dwellers were prepared
by combining black manganese oxides, red hematite and charcoal.

• Zoo Rock: In a semi-circular gallery of sandstone rock, see 252

animals across 16 species, including elephants, deer, and bears. The
Zoo Rock is an aptly named shelter and immensely popular for its
clear depictions of prehistoric wildlife. Apart from white line drawings
of many animals, there is a singular bird, as well as 90 humans.
• WHY ARE BHIMBETKA PAINTINGS STILL INTACT?
□ Sandstone is a sedimentary and highly absorbent rock, able to
retain colours that seep into its surface
□ The colours of the paintings have remained intact thousands of
years perhaps due to the chemical reaction of the oxide present
on the rock surface.

○ NARMADA MAN-
• UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES
○ Four sites in Madhya Pradesh have been declared World Heritage
Sites by UNESCO: the Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986)
including Devi Jagadambi temple, Khajuraho, Buddhist Monuments at
Sanchi (1989) and the Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003)
○ SANCHI STUPA
• 200RS NOTE
• Sanchi is a Buddhist complex, famous for its Great Stupa, on a hilltop at
Sanchi Town in Raisen District of the State of Madhya Pradesh, India.
• It was originally commissioned by the emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century
BCE.
• Stupas contain relics of Buddhist monks and nuns and stand as a symbol
of Buddhism
• Stupas also provide information about the spread of Buddhism and the
dynasties that embraced it.

○ ASHOKAN PILLAR
Pillars: Ashoka pillars, (usually made of chunar sandstone), as a
symbol of the state, assumed a great significance in the entire Mauryan
Empire.
• Objective: The main objective was to disseminate
the Buddhist ideology and court orders in the entire Mauryan
empire.
• Language: While most Ashoka pillar edicts were
in Pali and Prakrit language, few were written in Greek or
Aramaic language also.
• Architecture: Mauryan pillars mainly comprise of four parts:
• Shaft: A long shaft formed the base and was made up of a
single piece of stone or monolith.
• Capital: On top of shaft lay the capital, which was either lotus-
shaped or bell-shaped.
• Abacus: Above the capital, there was a circular or rectangular
base known as the abacus.
• Capital Figure: All the capital figures (usually animals like a
bull, lion, elephant, etc) are vigorous and carved standing on a
square or circular abacus.
• The capital has four Asiatic lions seated back to back
and their facial muscularity is very strong.
• They symbolize power, courage, pride and confidence.
• Abacus (drum on the bell base) has the depiction of a
chakra (wheel) in all four directions and a bull, a horse,
an elephant and a lion between every chakra.
• Each chakra has 24 spokes in it.
• This 24 spoke chakra is adopted to the National Flag of
India.
• The circular abacus is supported by an inverted lotus
capital.
• The capital without the shaft, the lotus bell and
crowning wheel has been adopted as the National
Emblem of Independent India.
• In the emblem adopted by Madhav Sawhey, only three
Lions are visible, the fourth being hidden from view.
The abacus is also set in such a way that only one
chakra can be seen in the middle, with the bull on the
right and horse on the left.
• The bell-shaped lotus has been omitted. The words Satyameva
Jayate from Mundaka Upanishad, meaning 'Truth Alone Triumphs',
are inscribed below the abacus in Devanagari script.
• A lion capital has also been found at Sanchi, but is in a
dilapidated condition.
○ Jahaz Mahal, Mandu
The architecture of Jahaz Mahal best captures the medieval royal
romance of Rani Roopmati & Baz Bahadur. The palace is shaped like a
ship which is bearing a long and rich history of the town. It has many
memorable tales attached to it, according to Jahangir's memoirs, the
emperor explained how the palace once served as a residence to him
and his queen Noor Jahan, the lamps and lanterns were lighted which
casted their reflection on the water. Another tale has it that the mahal
was built by Ghiyas-ud-din to serve it as a harem for 15000 women of his
court.
○ Gwalior Fort, Gwalior
Termed as 'the pearl among the fortress of hind' by the Mughal emperor
Babur, the Gwalior Fort is considered one of the gems of Indian forts. It is
also known as one of the most colourful forts in India because of its
intricate craftsmanship of turquoise tiling with a hint of glistening yellow.
The walls of this imposing structure enclose some of the marvels of
medieval history. The fort runs 2.4 kms and flanks Man Singh Palace, Teli
ka Mandir, Chaturbhuj Temple, Gurjari Mahal and Saas Bahu Temple.
○ Rani Durgawati- defeated Baj Bahadur
○ Burhanpur- gateway to south. VOHRA SAMAJ.

• MP Handloom-
○ Madhya Pradesh is home to the world-famous handloom products
including Chanderi and Maheshwari sarees.
○ These hand-woven silks are also treated to Bagh block prints of Dhar.
○Districts of Ujjain and Indore also house fabrics treated with Batik works
• Schemes for Weavers-
○ SantKabir Awardis conferred to outstanding handloom weavers
who are carrying on with the tradition and have made valuable
contribution to the development of the sector. Since 2012 to 2016,
24 SantKabir Awards have been conferred to the handloom
weavers.
○ Weaver MUDRA Scheme: Under the Weavers’ Mudra Scheme, credit
at concessional interest rate of 6% is provided to the handloom
weavers. Margin money assistance to a maximum of Rs.10,000 per weaver and
credit guarantee for a period of 3 years is also provided. MUDRA
portal has been developed in association with Punjab National Bank to cut
down delay in disbursement of funds for margin money and interest
subvention.
○ Handloom Export Promotion Council

• It is a nodal agency constituted under the Ministry of

Textiles, Government of India.
• It was incorporated as a not-for-profit company
under section 25 of the Companies Act, 1956.
• Aim: To promote the exports of all handloom products like
fabrics, home furnishings, carpets, floor coverings, etc.
○ India Handloom Brand: During the celebration of 7th August
2015 as National Handloom Day, ‘India Handloom’ Brand was
launched by Hon’ble Prime Minister for branding of high quality
handloom products. It promotes production of niche handloom
products with high quality, authentic traditional designs with zero
defect and zero effect on environment. Since its launch, 1232
registrations have been issued under 122 product categories and
sale of Rs. 689.72 crore as reported on 31-03-2019.
Initiatives with various leading brands has been undertaken to
bring out a separate range of handloom garments in their brand.

• Major Agriculture commodity- Soyabean and pulses

• 4 problems
○ Tribals problem- poor health indicators
○ Encroachment of forests
○ Poor agriculture- drought prone- rice and wheat don't grow well
• Solutions
○ Tribal e-commerce- TRIFED, MFP for msp
○ Sustainable development
○ Renewable energy- Rewa solar
○ Tourism potential
○ Focus on Millets which are hardy crops
○ FPI industries for protein rich diet- soya bean and millets and pulses
• Good points
○ Forest cover highest- 30%
○ Tribal population is highest- tribal conservation.
○ Renewable energy focus
• What should other states learn from MP?
○ Forest conservation, renewable energy, tribal conservation
• HISTORY
○ PARMAR KING RAJA BHOJ
○ AHILYA BAI HOLKAR- Indore- Maharani Ahilyabai Holkar (31 May 1725 –
13 August 1795) was the Holkar Queen of the Maratha Malwa kingdom, India
• TRIBES
○ There are 46 recognized Scheduled Tribes in Madhya Pradesh, India, three of
which have been identified as 'Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PTGs)
(formerly known as 'Special Primitive Tribal Groups'). The population of
Scheduled Tribals (ST) is 21.1% of the state population (15.31 million out of
72.62 million), according to the 2011 census
○ Bhil is the most populours tribe with a total population of 4,618,068,
constituting 37.7 per cent of the total ST population. Gond is the second largest
tribe, with a population of 4,357,918 constituting 35.6 per cent. The next four
populous tribes are: Kol, Korku, Sahariya and Baiga.
○ Bhils have the highest population in Jhabua district
○ Gonds- dindori district, Betul, Seoni
○ SCHEDULED AREAS- Jhabua, Mandla, Dhar, Khargone, East Nimar (khandwa),
Sailana tehsil in Ratlam district, Betul, Seoni, Balaghat, Morena
○ GOND
○ BAIGA
○ SAHARIA
○ BHIL
○ The Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006 recognizes the rights of the forest
dwelling tribal communities and other traditional forest
dwellers to forest resources, on which these communities were dependent
for a variety of needs, including livelihood, habitation and other socio-cultural
needs.
○ Individual + community rights
• Naxalism
○ The Madhya Pradesh police's anti-Naxal wing Hawk Force is already deployed
in Balaghat.
○ Naxals are operating in Balaghat and Mandla districts.
○ Reasons- Lack of development (leading to lack of trust on administration) and
poor law and order situation
○ Property rights should be provided- FRA implementation
○ Development + dialogue
○ The fertile ground of naxalism is directly associated with development deficit
○ Jal-jangal-jameen
○ Developmental deficit can be curbed
○ District mineral foundation can be effectively used
○ Connectivity
○ Perception management
○
• Swachha city- Indore since 4 years. - Reason- integration of stakeholders-
participation of resident association, citizens and safai karmcharis. Segregation of
waste. 1200+ gps connected apps. Responsiveness and grievance redressal -94% of
Indore municipal corporation. People's movement.
• Swachha bharat mission?
• Water plus- sewerage
• Segregation of waste + End to end disposal + feedback
• Wet waste, dry waste, covid waste (biomedical), plastic waste, e-waste, recyclable
waste
• MINERALS
○ Bauxite
• MP and covid
○ Crisis management committee
○ Participatory management of covid- district, block and village level committee
○ Highest single day vaccine in Indore

• Industries-
○ IT parks in Indore
• Why backward?
○ Initially- agri based society and inconducive soil
○ Now priority is shifting to industry, renewable. Single Window clearance and
investor meet.
○ Special economic zone in Dhar
○ Both IIT and IIM in Indore
○ Pharma industry in Pitampur- number 2. (Number 1 in chennai)
• Schemes
○ Ladali Laxmi Yojna

• Diamond mines-
○ Bakswaha - discovered Diamonds worth 3 crore carats- estimated to have far
higher capacity than Panna as per surveys
○ Vindhya mountain range- Panna range- diamonds being mined since 400
years
○ Panna- capital of Bundelas
○ Ken river
○ Estimated trees to be cut= 2.15 lakh trees
○ Can lead to an ecological disaster
○ Not just mining but also processing, polishing, industrial activities needed
thus leading to more deforestation + waste dumping
○ Panna region wildlife will get disturbed leading to man-animal conflicts
○ Already an existing threat due to ken-betwa river interlinking and
Bundelkhand expressway highway.
○ EIA + SIA must be conducted, Compensatory afforestation
○ Sagoria village- displacement
○ Already a drought-prone area and most area of Bundelkhand is degraded.
○ It is said that diamonds were once trees afterall
○ Need to fulfill international commitments of Paris climate agreement

• KHAJURAHO FESTIVAL
• REWA SOLAR POWER
○ Rewa Ultra Mega Solar is the first solar project in the country to break the
grid parity barrier. It is one of the largest solar power plants in India[3] and
on of the Asia's largest single site solar plants.[4] It is an operational ground
mounted, grid-connected photovoltaic solar park spread over an area of 1,590
acres (6.4 km2) in the Gurh tehsil of Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh.[2] The
project was commissioned with 750 MW capacity in December 2019
○ Rewa is the first project in India to be supplying power to an inter-state
open access customer, viz., Delhi Metro. This is also the first project in India
where solar power would be used for railway traction.
○ The project got World Bank Group’s President’s Award for excellence for its
transaction structure.

• RIVER INTERLINKING- KEN-BETWA

○ First project under National perspective plan on interlinking of Rivers- to
link 30 rivers- 16 peninsular and 14 Himalayan
○ Water from Ken will be transferred to Betwa- both tributaries of Yamuna
○ Daudhan dam near Panna national park- will drown core areas of Panna
tiger reserve, thus environmentalists are against it.
○ Provide irrigation facility of 10.62 lakh hectares annually + drinking water +
Hydro power= immense benefits to the water starved region of Bundelkhand
○ Focus on Rainwater harvesting, traditional methods of water storage, water
conservation