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Paraphrasing Techniques

Paraphrasing Techniques
Paraphrasing is a vital skill in writing and communication, allowing one to express someone
else’s ideas in one’s own words without altering the original meaning. It is essential in
academic work, journalism, and everyday communication to avoid plagiarism, clarify
meaning, or tailor the message for a particular audience. Mastering paraphrasing techniques
enables clearer expression and demonstrates a thorough understanding of the subject matter.
Below, various effective techniques for paraphrasing are discussed in detail.
1. Synonym Replacement
One of the most straightforward methods is to replace words in the original text with their
synonyms. This involves identifying key words and substituting them with words of similar
meaning while ensuring that the new words fit naturally in context. For example, the word
“happy” can be replaced with “joyful” or “pleased,” but the choice must suit the tone and style
of the sentence.
However, relying solely on synonyms is often insufficient because some words have multiple
meanings or subtle nuances that change the sentence’s sense. Care must be taken to ensure
that the synonym accurately conveys the original meaning.
2. Changing Sentence Structure
Another powerful technique involves altering the sentence structure. This might mean
converting active voice into passive voice or vice versa, changing the order of clauses, or
breaking long sentences into shorter ones or joining short sentences to form a complex
sentence.
For example, the active sentence “The researcher conducted the experiment” can be
paraphrased in passive voice as “The experiment was conducted by the researcher.” Such
structural changes can make the paraphrase distinct from the source while preserving the
content.
3. Using Different Parts of Speech
Changing the form of words by switching parts of speech is also effective. For instance,
turning a noun into a verb, an adjective into an adverb, or vice versa. Consider the sentence:
“She made an improvement in her work.” This can be rephrased as “She improved her work.”
This technique helps in making the paraphrase more original and less like a mere word-for-
word substitution. It also contributes to natural flow and readability.
4. Employing Definitions or Explanations
Sometimes, a paraphrase can include brief definitions or explanations of certain terms rather
than directly substituting words. This is particularly useful when the original text contains
technical jargon or complex ideas.
For example, “Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy”
could be paraphrased as “Plants create energy by transforming sunlight in a process known

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as photosynthesis.” This technique helps in clarifying difficult concepts while still
maintaining accuracy.
5. Changing the Order of Ideas
Rearranging the order of ideas or points within the sentence or paragraph is another useful
approach. This could involve presenting the information in a different sequence that still
logically conveys the same message.
For example, “Despite the challenges, the team completed the project on time” can be
rephrased as “The team completed the project on time, even though they faced several
challenges.” This change in order enhances originality and ensures the text does not appear
copied.
6. Using Generalisation or Specification
Paraphrasing can also involve making statements more general or more specific.
Generalisation means summarising a specific idea in broader terms, while specification
involves adding detail.
For instance, “The company reported a 10% increase in sales in the third quarter” could be
paraphrased as “The company experienced higher sales in the recent quarter.” Conversely, if
the original text is general, one can specify details to clarify.
7. Combining Sentences
Often, paraphrasing involves merging two or more sentences from the original text into a
single, well-structured sentence. This requires careful integration so that the new sentence
flows smoothly without losing any essential information.
For example, “The weather was cold. It rained throughout the day” can be combined as “It
was a cold day with continuous rainfall.” This method reduces redundancy and enhances the
elegance of the writing.
8. Using Reporting Verbs
When paraphrasing from sources such as articles, research papers, or speeches, the use of
reporting verbs is beneficial. Verbs like “claims,” “argues,” “states,” or “suggests” help
introduce the original author’s ideas while signalling that the wording has been changed.
For example, “The author states that climate change is accelerating” is a paraphrase of
“Climate change is accelerating.” This provides clarity about the origin of the idea and
integrates it smoothly into one’s own writing.
9. Avoiding Overuse of Direct Quotes
While paraphrasing often seeks to avoid plagiarism, it is important to distinguish when direct
quotes are necessary, such as for definitions, unique phrases, or impactful statements.
Excessive quoting can weaken the writer’s voice. Effective paraphrasing techniques enable
writers to express ideas in their own words, maintaining originality and demonstrating
understanding.
10. Reading Comprehension and Note-taking
A crucial step in paraphrasing is thorough comprehension of the original text. One should
read the passage several times to grasp the full meaning. Making notes or summarising the

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main points before attempting to paraphrase ensures that the writer internalises the content,
making it easier to express the same ideas freshly.
For instance, after reading a paragraph about renewable energy benefits, one might jot down
key ideas such as “reduces pollution,” “saves resources,” and “supports sustainable
development” before crafting a paraphrase based on these notes.

Important Considerations When Paraphrasing

• Maintain Original Meaning: The foremost rule is to ensure the meaning does not
change. Paraphrasing is not about creating new ideas but presenting existing ideas
differently.
• Avoid Plagiarism: Paraphrasing must be done genuinely, not by simply swapping a
few words here and there. Using multiple techniques together helps avoid plagiarism.
• Keep the Style Appropriate: The tone and style of the paraphrase should match the
context and audience. Academic paraphrases tend to be formal, while casual writing
allows more flexibility.
• Check for Accuracy: After paraphrasing, compare the new text with the original to
ensure nothing important is omitted or distorted.
• Use Proper Citation: Even when paraphrased, ideas from another source require
proper citation to credit the original author.

Examples to Illustrate Paraphrasing Techniques

Original: “The rapid development of technology has revolutionised communication, making it
faster and more efficient.”
Paraphrase using synonyms and sentence structure change: “Communication has become
quicker and more effective due to the swift advancement of technology.”
Paraphrase using explanation and rearrangement: “Thanks to the fast progress in technology,
people can now communicate more rapidly and efficiently.”

Conclusion
Paraphrasing is a multifaceted skill involving more than simple word substitution. Effective
paraphrasing combines synonym replacement, sentence restructuring, grammatical changes,
explanation, and organisation of ideas to produce original, clear, and accurate restatements of
text. Developing these techniques enhances writing quality, helps avoid plagiarism, and
deepens comprehension. Whether for academic assignments, professional writing, or creative
work, mastering paraphrasing is indispensable for clear and ethical communication.

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Paraphrasing Format and Formula

Step 1: Understand the Original Text
• Read carefully until you fully grasp the meaning.
• Identify key ideas and concepts.
Step 2: Take Notes (Optional but Recommended)
• Write down the main points in simple words.
• Avoid copying full sentences; use bullet points if needed.
Step 3: Use the Paraphrasing Formula

Paraphrasing Formula:
Original Sentence / Passage → Break Down → Apply Techniques → Write
Paraphrase

Breakdown of the Formula with Techniques:

Step What to Do Example
Identify key Technology, revolutionised,
Pick the main content words
words/phrases communication
Replace with Use words with similar Technology → innovation,
synonyms meaning revolutionised → transformed
Change sentence Rearrange clauses, use Active to passive or change word
structure passive/active voice order
Change parts of Convert verbs to nouns,
Rapid (adj.) → rapidity (noun)
speech adjectives to adverbs
Combine or split Merge ideas or break complex Join two simple sentences or split
sentences sentences one long sentence
Use short explanations if “Photosynthesis” → “the process
Explain or define
needed plants use to make food”
Use reporting verbs Introduce the source’s ideas “The author argues that...”

Step 4: Write Your Paraphrase

• Use your own sentence style and vocabulary.
• Avoid copying phrases longer than 3 words.
• Ensure the original meaning stays intact.

Step 5: Compare & Edit

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• Check your paraphrase against the original.
• Verify meaning and grammar.
• Adjust where necessary.

Step 6: Cite the Source

• Always credit the original author if paraphrasing from another work.

Quick Paraphrasing Checklist:

• Have I changed words with suitable synonyms?
• Have I altered sentence structure?
• Did I change parts of speech where possible?
• Is the meaning exactly the same?
• Is the style suitable for my audience?
• Have I cited the original source?

Example Using the Formula

Original:
“The rapid development of technology has revolutionised communication, making it faster and
more efficient.”
Step 1: Key ideas — rapid development, technology, revolutionised communication, faster,
efficient.
Step 2: Synonyms — rapid → swift; revolutionised → transformed; communication →
interaction; faster → quicker; efficient → effective.
Step 3: Change sentence structure — Make it passive or reorder.
Paraphrase:
“Communication has been transformed by the swift advancement of technology, resulting in
quicker and more effective interaction.”

Example

Original Text:
"Global warming is causing glaciers to melt at an unprecedented rate, leading to rising sea
levels and threatening coastal communities."

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Step 1: Understand the Meaning
• Global warming causes glaciers to melt quickly.
• This results in higher sea levels.
• Coastal communities face danger as a result.

Step 2: Identify Key Words/Phrases

• Global warming
• Glaciers melt
• Unprecedented rate
• Rising sea levels
• Threatening coastal communities

Step 3: Apply Paraphrasing Techniques

Technique Applied Here
Synonym Replacement Global warming → climate change
Glaciers → ice sheets
Unprecedented rate → rapid speed
Rising sea levels → increasing
ocean levels
Threatening → endangering
Change Sentence Structure Change from active to passive or reorder clauses
“Glaciers to melt” (verb phrase) → “the melting of
Change Parts of Speech
glaciers” (noun phrase)
Use Explanation “Coastal communities” → “people living near the coast”

Step 4: Write the Paraphrase

Paraphrased Version:
“The rapid melting of ice sheets due to climate change is causing ocean levels to rise, which is
endangering people living near the coast.”

Step 5: Compare and Check

• Meaning is the same.
• Words and structure are different.
• It reads naturally and clearly.

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Step 6: Cite (if used in writing)
(If this was from a source, add a citation)

************************************************

Original Passage (Approx. 500 words):

Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century. The
gradual increase in global temperatures, primarily due to human activities such as burning
fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes, is disrupting natural ecosystems
worldwide. This warming has far-reaching effects on weather patterns, leading to more
frequent and severe storms, droughts, and heatwaves. Polar ice caps and glaciers are melting
at unprecedented rates, contributing to rising sea levels that threaten coastal regions with
flooding and erosion.
The consequences of climate change are not confined to environmental damage alone. Human
societies face significant risks, including threats to food security as changing weather
conditions affect crop yields. Water scarcity is becoming increasingly severe in many parts of
the world, exacerbating conflicts and displacing vulnerable populations. Moreover, rising
temperatures have a direct impact on public health, with heatwaves causing heat-related
illnesses and the spread of vector-borne diseases expanding into new areas.
Addressing climate change requires concerted global action and a transition to sustainable
development models. This involves reducing greenhouse gas emissions through the adoption
of renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. Energy efficiency in
industries and transportation is also vital. Reforestation and conservation of existing forests
can act as carbon sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Furthermore,
innovative technologies such as carbon capture and storage are being explored to mitigate
emissions.
International agreements like the Paris Agreement represent significant steps towards global
cooperation on climate action. They set targets for limiting global warming to well below 2
degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, with efforts to keep it below 1.5 degrees Celsius.
However, meeting these goals requires countries to commit to ambitious policies and ensure
implementation. It also demands financial and technical support for developing nations,
which often suffer the worst effects despite contributing least to the problem.
In conclusion, climate change is a multifaceted crisis that threatens both the planet and
human well-being. The urgency to act has never been greater, calling for collective
responsibility from governments, businesses, and individuals. Sustainable practices,
innovation, and international collaboration will be key in safeguarding the environment for
future generations.

Paraphrased Version (Approx. 500 words):

Climate change stands as one of the most urgent issues facing the world in this century. The
steady rise in the Earth’s average temperature, largely caused by human activities such as
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fossil fuel combustion, clearing of forests, and industrial emissions, is disturbing ecosystems
globally. This warming triggers significant changes in weather patterns, resulting in more
frequent and intense storms, prolonged droughts, and extreme heat events. Melting of polar
ice and glaciers is occurring at a rate never seen before, leading to higher sea levels that put
coastal areas at risk of flooding and land loss.
The impacts of climate change extend beyond environmental harm. Human communities are
increasingly vulnerable, particularly regarding food availability, as shifting climate conditions
negatively influence agricultural productivity. Water shortages are becoming more acute in
several regions, intensifying social tensions and forcing the displacement of at-risk
populations. In addition, higher temperatures directly affect health, causing more cases of
heat-related illnesses and expanding the reach of diseases transmitted by insects to regions
previously unaffected.
Tackling climate change demands unified global efforts and a shift towards sustainable
development. This includes cutting down greenhouse gas emissions by embracing renewable
energy technologies such as solar, wind, and hydro power. Improving energy efficiency in
manufacturing and transport sectors is equally important. Protecting and restoring forests
can help capture carbon dioxide, acting as natural carbon sinks. Alongside these measures,
emerging technologies like carbon capture and storage offer promising solutions to reduce
emissions.
Global accords such as the Paris Agreement mark important progress in fostering worldwide
collaboration to combat climate change. These agreements establish targets to limit the
temperature rise to well under 2 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial times, striving to
keep it below 1.5 degrees where possible. However, achieving these aims requires countries to
adopt strong policies and ensure they are put into action effectively. Additionally, it
necessitates financial aid and technological assistance for developing countries, which often
face the harshest impacts despite having contributed least to global emissions.
To summarise, climate change represents a complex emergency threatening both the natural
world and human societies. The need for urgent action has never been more critical, calling
for shared accountability from governments, corporations, and individuals alike. Sustainable
methods, innovative solutions, and international cooperation will be essential to protect the
environment and ensure a safe future for coming generations.

*-*-*-*-*-----******----**-*-*--****

Original Passage (Excerpt):

"Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century. The
gradual increase in global temperatures, primarily due to human activities such as burning
fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes, is disrupting natural ecosystems
worldwide."

Step 1: Understand & Identify Key Ideas

• Climate change is a major challenge today.

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• Global temperatures are rising gradually.
• Human activities (fossil fuels, deforestation, industry) cause this.
• Natural ecosystems are disrupted globally.

Step 2: Apply Paraphrasing Techniques

Technique Original Text Paraphrased Version Notes
Synonym pressing challenges → “Pressing” →
urgent issues
Replacement urgent issues “urgent”
gradual increase → “Gradual increase”
steady rise
steady rise → “steady rise”
burning fossil fuels → More formal noun
fossil fuel combustion
fossil fuel combustion phrase
disrupting natural
Slight synonym
ecosystems → disturbing disturbing ecosystems
change
ecosystems
"Climate change has "Climate change stands as Changed “has
Sentence
emerged as one of the one of the most urgent emerged as” to
Structure
most pressing challenges issues facing the world in “stands as” and
Change
of the 21st century." this century." rephrased overall
Parts of Speech "The gradual increase" "The steady rise" (noun Minor change to
Change (noun phrase) phrase) flow

Step 3: Write Paraphrase for the Sentence

"Climate change stands as one of the most urgent issues facing the world in this century. The
steady rise in the Earth’s average temperature, largely caused by human activities such as
fossil fuel combustion, clearing of forests, and industrial emissions, is disturbing ecosystems
globally."

Next Example from Passage:

Original:
"This warming has far-reaching effects on weather patterns, leading to more frequent and
severe storms, droughts, and heatwaves."

Step 1: Key Ideas

• Warming affects weather greatly.
• More frequent and stronger storms, droughts, heatwaves.

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Step 2: Paraphrasing Techniques

Technique Original Phrase Paraphrased Phrase Notes
far-reaching effects
Synonym More formal and
→ significant significant changes
Replacement simpler wording
changes
Change “leading to more “Leading to” →
“resulting in more frequent and
Sentence frequent and severe “resulting in”;
intense storms...”
Structure storms...” “severe” → “intense”
Listed events storms, droughts, heatwaves → Adds a bit more
Reordering reordered or slightly storms, prolonged droughts, detail, varied
rephrased extreme heat events adjectives

Step 3: Write Paraphrase

"This warming triggers significant changes in weather patterns, resulting in more frequent
and intense storms, prolonged droughts, and extreme heat events."

Third Example from Passage:

Original:
"Addressing climate change requires concerted global action and a transition to sustainable
development models."

Step 1: Key Ideas

• Global cooperation is needed.
• Need to move towards sustainable development.

Step 2: Paraphrasing Techniques

Technique Original Phrase Paraphrased Phrase Notes
Synonym concerted global action →
unified global efforts Simplified phrase
Replacement unified global efforts
Parts of Speech transition to sustainable shift towards “Transition” →
Change development models sustainable development “shift towards”
Sentence Reworded to flow
Simple sentence Smooth phrasing
Structure Change naturally

Step 3: Write Paraphrase

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"Tackling climate change demands unified global efforts and a shift towards sustainable
development."

Summary of Paraphrasing Process for the Full Passage:

• Step 1: Read and fully understand the passage. Identify the key concepts.
• Step 2: Choose synonyms for key words, ensuring accuracy.
• Step 3: Change sentence structure by rearranging clauses or switching active/passive
voice.
• Step 4: Modify parts of speech to create variety (e.g., verbs to nouns).
• Step 5: Sometimes combine or split sentences for better flow.
• Step 6: Use explanations to clarify difficult terms or concepts.
• Step 7: Write the paraphrased version in your own words.
• Step 8: Compare the paraphrase with the original to check meaning and accuracy.
• Step 9: Revise as needed for clarity and style.

Detailed, step-by-step paraphrasing breakdown for the entire 500-word

passage you requested earlier. This will help you understand how to paraphrase
longer texts effectively.

Original Passage (Summary Points)

1. Climate change is a major global issue caused by human activities.
2. It leads to rising temperatures, affecting ecosystems and weather patterns.
3. Results include extreme storms, droughts, melting ice, and rising sea levels.
4. Human life is affected: food security, water scarcity, health risks.
5. Solutions require global cooperation and sustainable development.
6. Renewable energy and forest conservation help reduce emissions.
7. International agreements like Paris Agreement set temperature targets.
8. Developing countries need financial and technical aid.
9. Urgent action is essential from governments, businesses, and individuals.

Paraphrasing the Passage — Step-by-Step

1. Opening Statement
Original:
"Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century."

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Paraphrase Steps:
• Replace “pressing challenges” → “urgent issues.”
• Change “has emerged as” → “stands as.”
• Use a broader phrase for “21st century” → “this century.”
Paraphrased sentence:
"Climate change stands as one of the most urgent issues facing the world in this century."

2. Cause of Climate Change

Original:
"The gradual increase in global temperatures, primarily due to human activities such as
burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes, is disrupting natural ecosystems
worldwide."
Paraphrase Steps:
• Gradual increase → “steady rise.”
• Change “burning fossil fuels” → “fossil fuel combustion.”
• Use “clearing of forests” instead of “deforestation.”
• Replace “disrupting natural ecosystems” with “disturbing ecosystems globally.”
Paraphrased sentence:
"The steady rise in the Earth’s average temperature, largely caused by human activities such
as fossil fuel combustion, clearing of forests, and industrial emissions, is disturbing
ecosystems worldwide."

3. Effects on Weather Patterns

Original:
"This warming has far-reaching effects on weather patterns, leading to more frequent and
severe storms, droughts, and heatwaves."
Paraphrase Steps:
• Replace “far-reaching effects” → “significant changes.”
• Change “leading to” → “resulting in.”
• Use synonyms for “severe” → “intense,” “heatwaves” → “extreme heat events.”
Paraphrased sentence:
"This warming triggers significant changes in weather patterns, resulting in more frequent
and intense storms, prolonged droughts, and extreme heat events."

4. Melting Ice and Rising Sea Levels

Original:
"Polar ice caps and glaciers are melting at unprecedented rates, contributing to rising sea
levels that threaten coastal regions with flooding and erosion."

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Paraphrase Steps:
• Replace “polar ice caps and glaciers” → “polar ice and glaciers.”
• Change “melting at unprecedented rates” → “melting faster than ever.”
• Replace “threaten coastal regions with flooding and erosion” → “put coastal
areas at risk of flooding and land loss.”
Paraphrased sentence:
"Polar ice and glaciers are melting faster than ever before, causing sea levels to rise and
putting coastal areas at risk of flooding and land loss."

5. Impact on Human Societies

Original:
"The consequences of climate change are not confined to environmental damage alone.
Human societies face significant risks, including threats to food security as changing weather
conditions affect crop yields."
Paraphrase Steps:
• Reword “consequences are not confined to environmental damage” → “impacts
extend beyond just environmental harm.”
• Replace “face significant risks” → “are increasingly vulnerable.”
• Change “threats to food security” → “challenges to food availability.”
• Rephrase “changing weather conditions affect crop yields” → “shifting climate
conditions negatively influence agricultural productivity.”
Paraphrased sentence:
"The impacts extend beyond just environmental harm; human communities are increasingly
vulnerable, facing challenges to food availability as shifting climate conditions negatively
influence agricultural productivity."

6. Water Scarcity and Health Risks

Original:
"Water scarcity is becoming increasingly severe in many parts of the world, exacerbating
conflicts and displacing vulnerable populations. Moreover, rising temperatures have a direct
impact on public health, with heatwaves causing heat-related illnesses and the spread of
vector-borne diseases expanding into new areas."
Paraphrase Steps:
• Replace “water scarcity is becoming increasingly severe” → “water shortages are
growing more acute.”
• Change “exacerbating conflicts and displacing vulnerable populations” →
“intensifying social tensions and forcing displacement.”
• Replace “rising temperatures have a direct impact on public health” → “higher
temperatures directly affect health.”

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• Change “spread of vector-borne diseases” → “expansion of insect-transmitted
diseases.”
Paraphrased sentence:
"Water shortages are growing more acute in several regions, intensifying social tensions and
forcing the displacement of vulnerable populations. Additionally, higher temperatures directly
affect health, causing more heat-related illnesses and expanding the reach of insect-
transmitted diseases."

7. Need for Global Cooperation

Original:
"Addressing climate change requires concerted global action and a transition to sustainable
development models."
Paraphrase Steps:
• Replace “addressing climate change requires concerted global action” →
“tackling climate change demands unified global efforts.”
• Change “transition to sustainable development models” → “shift towards
sustainable development.”
Paraphrased sentence:
"Tackling climate change demands unified global efforts and a shift towards sustainable
development."

8. Solutions: Renewable Energy & Conservation

Original:
"This involves reducing greenhouse gas emissions through the adoption of renewable energy
sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. Energy efficiency in industries and
transportation is also vital. Reforestation and conservation of existing forests can act as
carbon sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere."
Paraphrase Steps:
• Replace “reducing greenhouse gas emissions” → “cutting down emissions.”
• Change “adoption of renewable energy sources” → “embracing renewable energy
technologies.”
• Use “manufacturing and transport sectors” instead of “industries and
transportation.”
• Replace “carbon sinks” → “natural carbon absorbers.”
Paraphrased sentence:
"This includes cutting down emissions by embracing renewable energy technologies such as
solar, wind, and hydro power. Improving energy efficiency in manufacturing and transport
sectors is also essential. Protecting and restoring forests can help capture carbon dioxide,
acting as natural carbon absorbers."

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9. Role of International Agreements
Original:
"International agreements like the Paris Agreement represent significant steps towards
global cooperation on climate action. They set targets for limiting global warming to well
below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, with efforts to keep it below 1.5 degrees
Celsius."
Paraphrase Steps:
• Replace “represent significant steps towards global cooperation” → “mark
important progress in fostering worldwide collaboration.”
• Change “set targets for limiting global warming” → “establish goals to restrict
temperature rise.”
Paraphrased sentence:
"Global accords such as the Paris Agreement mark important progress in fostering worldwide
collaboration to combat climate change. They establish goals to restrict temperature rise to
well below 2 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial times, aiming to keep it below 1.5
degrees."

10. Need for Commitment and Support

Original:
"However, meeting these goals requires countries to commit to ambitious policies and ensure
implementation. It also demands financial and technical support for developing nations,
which often suffer the worst effects despite contributing least to the problem."
Paraphrase Steps:
• Replace “meeting these goals requires countries to commit” → “achieving these
aims requires countries to adopt strong policies.”
• Change “ensure implementation” → “put them into action effectively.”
• Replace “demands financial and technical support” → “necessitates financial aid
and technological assistance.”
Paraphrased sentence:
"However, achieving these aims requires countries to adopt strong policies and put them into
action effectively. It also necessitates financial aid and technological assistance for developing
nations, which often face the harshest impacts despite having contributed least to the
problem."

11. Conclusion
Original:
"In conclusion, climate change is a multifaceted crisis that threatens both the planet and
human well-being. The urgency to act has never been greater, calling for collective
responsibility from governments, businesses, and individuals. Sustainable practices,
innovation, and international collaboration will be key in safeguarding the environment for
future generations."

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Paraphrase Steps:
• Replace “multifaceted crisis” → “complex emergency.”
• Change “threatens both the planet and human well-being” → “threatening both
the natural world and human societies.”
• Replace “urgency to act has never been greater” → “need for urgent action has
never been more critical.”
• Use “shared accountability” instead of “collective responsibility.”
• Change “safeguarding the environment for future generations” → “protect the
environment and ensure a safe future.”
Paraphrased sentence:
"To summarise, climate change represents a complex emergency threatening both the natural
world and human societies. The need for urgent action has never been more critical, calling
for shared accountability from governments, corporations, and individuals alike. Sustainable
methods, innovative solutions, and international cooperation will be essential to protect the
environment and ensure a safe future for coming generations."

Summary
By breaking down the original passage into key ideas and applying paraphrasing techniques
such as synonym replacement, sentence restructuring, and parts of speech change, the entire
passage was rewritten with the same meaning but different wording and flow.

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