Mirzo Ulug’bek nomidagi O’zbekiston Milliy Universiteti

Xorijiy Filologiya Fakulteti

Amaliy ingliz tili va adabiyotshunoslik Kafedrasi
60230100-Filologiya va tillarni o’qitish Ta’lim yo’nalishi va shrifti
(ingliz tili)
3 / (KF 2.22) Kursi
O’rganilayotgan til amaliy aspektlari Fani
IMTIHON BILETI
I variant
Tuzuvchi: Alimjanova Shohsanam
Azamat qizi
Imzo F.I.SH.
Kafedra mudiri: Bolibekova Mavjuda
Mardiyevna
Imzo F.I.SH.
Kafedra yig’ilishida 2024-yil 20-dekabr 8-sonli bayonnoma bilan tasdiqlangan

Reading Passage-1: Work–life balance

Ronan: I work in a fairly traditional office environment doing a typical
nine-to-five job. I like my job, but it’s annoying that my commute to work takes an
hour and a half each way and most of my work could really be done online from
home. But my boss doesn’t seem to trust that we will get any work done if left to
our own devices, and everyone in the company has to clock in and out every day.
It’s frustrating that they feel the need to monitor what we do so closely instead of
judging us based on our task performance, like most companies do these days.
Jo: I used to do a typical five-day week, but after I came out of my parental
leave, I decided that I wanted to spend more time with my children before they
start school. After negotiating with my boss, we decided to cut my working week
down to a three-day work week. This of course meant a significant cut in my pay
too, as I’m paid on a pro-rata basis. I’ve since noticed, though, that my workload
hasn’t decreased in the slightest! I’m now doing five days’ worth of work in three
days, but getting paid much less for it! I find myself having to take work home just
so that I can meet the deadlines. It’s wearing me out trying to juggle work with
looking after my children and my family, but I don’t dare to bring this up with my
boss because I think he feels as if he’s made a huge concession letting me come in
only three days a week.
Marcus: I work for a global IT company, but because their headquarters is
in the States, I do all my work online from home. That means that I don’t waste
time commuting or making idle chitchat with colleagues. I work on a project basis,
and this flexibility is very valuable to me because it means that I can easily take
some time off when my children need me to go to their school performances or if I
need to schedule an appointment with the dentist. The downside is that without
clear office hours, I tend to work well into the evening, sometimes skipping dinner
to finish a task. It can also get quite lonely working on my own, and I sometimes
miss sharing ideas with colleagues.
Lily: I’m a freelancer and work for myself. This is great because I am in
control of what I do and how I spend my time. At first, I was working from home,
but I found it really hard to concentrate. There were just too many distractions
around: housework that needed doing, another cup of tea, my family members
wanting my attention for various things. So I started to go to a nearby café to work,
but the Wi-Fi connection wasn’t ideal and I found myself drinking too much
coffee. In the end, I decided to rent a desk in a co-working space with five other
freelancers like myself. I liked getting dressed to go to work in the morning and
being able to focus in an office environment. The other freelancers do similar kinds
of web-based work to me and so it’s nice to have workmates to bounce ideas off as
well.
Task 1. Circle the best answer.
1. Ronan would prefer it if he …
a. wasn’t left to his own devices.
b. could spend more time commuting and less time in the office.
c. could work from home and be judged based on task performance.
d. could trust his boss more.
2. Jo wanted to reduce her working hours because she …
a. thought she would be more efficient and productive when she was at the office.
b. wanted to bring her work home.
c. wanted to go on parental leave.
d. wanted to spend time with her children.
3. Jo is unhappy with her three-day work week because …
a. she didn’t realise how much the change would affect her economically.
b. she now hast to spend more time looking after her children and her family.
c. she has more deadlines to meet.
d. her workload has remained the same although she’s reduced her hours.
4. In Marcus’s opinion, which of these is a disadvantage of working from
home?
a. You spend a lot of time in the house.
b. It’s easy to get distracted by your family.
c. You tend to work later.
d. You end up eating more as you have access to the fridge all day.
5. Why did Lily not like working from home?
a. She found it lonely.
b. Her family didn’t like her working.
c. She didn’t have a good Wi-Fi connection.
d. There were a lot of distractions.
6. What solution did Lily find most suitable for her working needs?
a. Renting an office space to work from.
b. Working from a café.
c. Working for an employer.
d. Working for other freelancers.
 Task 2. Are the sentences true or false?
1. Ronan’s boss thinks his employees will not be as productive if they work from
home.
2. Ronan thinks that the performance of employees should be judged according to
how much time they spend in the office.
3. Jo is paid the same for a five-day work week as she is on a three-day week.
4. Jo feels exhausted trying to manage both a five-day workload and childcare.
5. Although Marcus sees the benefit in not having idle chit-chat, he misses
interacting with his colleagues.
6. Lily didn’t like working from the café because the coffee wasn’t very good.

Reading Passage-2: The state of the world

If your view of the world comes from watching the news and reading
newspapers, you could be forgiven for lying awake at night worrying about the
future. Apparently, rising violence and population rates mean humans are both
killing each other in ever larger numbers and being born at rates the world’s
resources can’t sustain. To make matters worse, all the wealth is concentrated on a
handful of people in the world’s richest countries. People in lowincome countries
live in poverty while the West gets richer. Depressing, isn’t it? But do the statistics
support our negative world view or is the world actually improving? Let’s take
global population first. It’s around 7 billion now, in line with figures predicted by
the UN in 1958. By the year 2100, the same experts predict it will be around 11
billion. But did you know that 11 billion is probably as high as that number will
get? The rate of increase will slow down in the second half of this century thanks
to falling birth rates today.
Falling birth rates? Yes, that’s right. In the last two centuries, improvements
in technology and health meant fewer children died young, fuelling rapid
population growth. These large families produced even more children who
survived into adulthood and had their own children. But with the wider availability
of contraception in the 1960s, the global average number of babies per woman has
declined from six babies per woman to as low as two.
The biggest factor in child mortality is poverty. And while it’s still true that
only 20 per cent of the world takes about 74 per cent of the world’s income, 60 per
cent of the world now falls into a middle-income group, with 11.6 per cent – the
smallest amount of people in history – still living in conditions of extreme poverty.
If the majority of the world’s people have money, international aid could
realistically achieve the UN target of eradicating poverty by 2030. As poverty goes
down, life expectancy goes up, birth rates go down because parents can expect
their existing children to survive, and the global population stabilises.
As for news stories that make us think the world is an increasingly violent
place, there is cause for some optimism too. Between the end of World War II and
1990, there were 30 wars that killed more than 100,000 people. Today there are
still civil wars, but countries are mostly co-existing more peacefully than in the
past. However, terrorism has shot up in the last few years and, since World War II,
wars have killed many more civilians than soldiers. Even for civilians, though, the
statistics are not all bad. Although deaths are nine times more likely to be a result
of violent crime than political conflict, the global murder rate fell slightly, from 8
per 100,000 people in 2000 to about 5.3 in 2015.
Of course, none of this means the world is perfect, and whether you
personally are affected by war and poverty is often down to the lottery of where
you’re born. Also, we still face huge problems of our own making, particularly
environmental ones like global warming, and wealth and natural resources need to
be distributed more fairly. But not all the news is bad news, whatever the TV and
newspapers might say.
Task 1: Match the numbers with the facts they represent:
60% 11.6% 20%
11 billion 5.3 74%
1. ……………………………… the expected peak global population
2. ……………………………… the size of the richest group of people
3. ……………………………… the amount of the richest group’s income
4. ……………………………… the amount of people who are neither rich nor
poor.
5. ……………………………… the amount of people with the least money
6. ……………………………… the number of murders per 100,000 people in
2015.
Task 2: Circle the best answer.
1. What does the word ‘apparently’ in the first paragraph tell us about the
rise in violence we see in the news?
a. The rise is obviously true.
b. The rise seems to be true but evidence might show it isn’t.
c. The rise seems false but evidence might show it’s true.
2. Which statement about population levels is correct?
a. About two hundred years ago, the child mortality rate dropped significantly.
b. The rate is growing steadily now.
c. The rate will start to drop in the year 2100.
3. Which factor does NOT cause the birth rate to fall?
a. Improvements in healthcare
b. The availability of contraception
c. Poverty
4. One of the UN’s targets for 2030 is to …
a. end poverty.
b. increase life expectancy.
c. make population levels stable.
5. People are more likely to be killed …
a. by soldiers.
b. by politicians.
c. by criminals.
6. There is reason to be optimistic because …
a. you might win the lottery.
b. there are some positives despite what the newspapers report.
c. we’re making progress with environmental problems

WRITING TASK. WRITE A SUMMARY FOR READING PASSAGE 2.