UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO LOGISTICS

A. What is logistics? (Definitions by five different students)

- Logistics means that you manage the procurement and movement of goods and
the storage of inventory.
- It means the delivery of the goods the customer needs at the right time, in the
right place, and of the right quality.
- My definition of logistics is this: it’s to plan, organize, and manage operations
that provide services and goods.
- Logistics – that’s the purchasing, maintenance, distribution, and replacement of
material and staff.
- Logistics is the planning and support of operations such as warehousing,
inventory, transport, procurement, supply, and maintenance.

B. Vocabulary
1. Procurement (n) : the process of getting supplies
Sự thu mua
Ex: The procurement team successfully negotiated a new contract with the
supplier.

2. Inventory (n) : a company's goods and products that are

ready to sell, along with the raw materials
that are used to produce them
Hàng tồn kho
Ex: To prepare for the holiday season, the store increased its inventory of
popular items to ensure there would be enough stock to meet the customer
demand.

Copyright : TBao
3. Maintenance (n) : the work needed to keep a road, building,
machine, etc. in good condition
Sự bảo trì
Ex: Regular maintenance of delivery trucks ensures timely and efficient logistics
operations.

4. Distribution (n) : the process of giving things out to several

people, or spreading or supplying
something:
Sự phân phối
Ex: Efficient distribution is crucial for ensuring products reach stores on time.

5. Warehousing (n) : the activity of storing something in a

warehouse
Quá trình lưu trữ hàng hoá
Ex: Effective warehousing is crucial in logistics to ensure that products are
stored safely and can be quickly retrieved for distribution.

6. Carrier (n) : company that transports or conveys goods

Người/công ty vận chuyển
Ex: The carrier delivered the shipment on time despite the bad weather
conditions.

7. Freight forwarder (n) : person or business that arranges

documentation and travel facilities for
companies dispatching goods to customer
Cá nhân/tổ chức trung gian thực hiện các
dịch vụ giao nhận hàng hoá
Ex: The freight forwarder arranged all the necessary paperwork and
transportation for the international shipment, ensuring a smooth delivery
process.
8. Supplier (n) : company which supplies parts or services
to another company; also called “vendor”
Nhà cung cấp
Ex: The logistics team coordinated with the supplier to ensure timely delivery of
raw materials to the warehouse.

9. Haulage contractor/haulier (n) : company which carries goods by road

Nhà vận chuyển hàng hoá bằng đường bộ
Ex: The company hired a reliable haulier to transport goods from the warehouse
to the distribution center.

10. Courier (n) : company that specializes in the speedy and

secure delivery of small goods and
packages
Bưu tá
Ex: The courier delivered the package to the client within 24 hours, ensuring
timely receipt of the critical supplies.

11. Consignee (n) : person or firm named in a freight contract

to whom goods have been shipped or
turned over for care
Người nhận hàng
Ex: The consignee was responsible for receiving the shipment at the warehouse
and ensuring that all items matched the order.

12. Customs clearance (n) : the act of taking goods through the customs
authority to facilitate the movement of
cargo into a country (import) and outside
the country (export).
Thủ tục thông quan hải quan
 Ex: The logistics company efficiently handled the custom clearance process,
ensuring the imported goods arrived at the warehouse on time.

13. Shipping rate (n) : what you charge your customer in addition
to the cost of the products that they order
Cước phí vận chuyển
Ex: The logistics manager analyzed the shipping rates from different carriers to
find the most cost-effective option for delivering the products.

14. Quotation (n) : the price that a person or company says

they will charge to do a piece of work
Sự báo giá
Ex: The logistics manager requested a quotation from several shipping
companies to compare costs and delivery times before finalizing the
transport plan.

UNIT 2: LOGISTICS SERVICES

A. Acronyms

15. FCL : Full Container Load

16. 3PL : Third Person Logistics
17. HGV : Heavy Goods Vehicle
18. DC : Distribution Centre
19. LCL : Less than Container Load
20. EDI : Electronic Data Intercharge
21. VAS : Value Added Service (Premium Services)
22. RFID : Radio Frequency Identification
23. ISO : International Organisation for Standardization
24. GPS : Global Positioning System
B. Vocabulary

25. Transshipment (n) : loading goods from one means of carriage

onto another
Chuyển tải
Ex: The cargo underwent transshipment at the Singapore port before being
forwarded to its final destination in Europe.

26. Break-bulk (n) : packing goods in small, seperable units

Đóng gói hàng hoá thành các đơn vị nhỏ
Ex: The shipping company used break-bulk handling to unload the oversized
machinery piece by piece, instead of transporting it in containers.

27. Cross-docking (n) : direct flow of goods from receipt at

warehouse to shipping, bypassing storage
kỹ thuật logistics trong đó hàng hóa được
chuyển trực tiếp từ phương tiện nhận (như
xe tải hoặc container) sang phương tiện vận
chuyển khác mà không qua lưu kho dài hạn
Ex: By using cross-docking, the company reduced storage costs and sped up
delivery times by transferring goods directly from inbound trucks to
outbound trucks without warehousing.

28. Order-picking (n) : selecting and assembling items from stock

for shipments
Quá trình lấy hàng/nhặt hàng
Ex: Efficient order-picking is crucial for meeting customer delivery expectations
in e-commerce warehouses.
29. Reverse-logistics (n) : collecting and handling of used or
damanged goods or of reusable transit
equipment
Hậu cần ngược
Ex: The company implemented a reverse-logistics system to handle product
returns more efficiently, ensuring that defective items are recycled or
refurbished.

30. Tracking and tracing (n) : locating items in transit

Quá trình theo dõi và giám sát quá trình
vận chuyển của hàng hoá
Ex: In logistics, tracing and tracking shipments in real-time allows companies to
ensure timely delivery and improve customer satisfaction.

31. Collection (n) : picking up goods at a named place

Quá trình lấy hàng
Ex: The logistics team organized a timely collection of packages from the
warehouse to ensure they were delivered to customers by the end of the
week.

32. Assemble (v) : the process of putting together various

components or products into a complete
unit or final product
Lắp ráp sản phẩm
Ex: The logistics team worked efficiently to assemble the product kits before the
shipping deadline.

33. Shipping lines (n) : a business that specializes in the

transportation of freight through ship
Công ty vận chuyển hàng hoá bằng đường
biển
 Ex: The logistics manager coordinated with various shipping lines to optimize
the delivery schedule and reduce transportation costs.

34. Documentation (n) : the various papers attached or pertaining to

goods requiring transportation and/or
transfer of ownership
Chứng từ
Ex: The logistics manager emphasized the importance of accurate
documentation to track shipments and ensure timely delivery to clients.

35. Customized services (n) : providing personalized services tailored to

meet the specific needs and preferences of
individual customers
Dịch vụ được điều chỉnh theo nhu cầu
khách hàng
Ex: As a specialist in home textiles, we can offer our clients customized services
to meet their needs.

36. Outsourcing (v) : contracting functions out to third-party

providers
Thuê ngoài Logistics
Ex: The company decided to outsource its logistics operations to a third-party
provider, allowing them to focus on core business activities while
improving delivery efficiency.

37. Comprehensive (adj) : including a wide range of services

Toàn diện, đầy đủ
Ex: Our company offers comprehensive services in logistics, including
warehousing, transportation, and supply chain management, to streamline
operations for our clients.
 38. Consolidation (n) : the grouping of small shipments into 1
container
Sự gom hàng
Ex: The consolidation of shipments allowed the logistics company to reduce
transportation costs and improve delivery efficiency.

39. Requirements (n) : details of what is expected and needed

Yêu cầu
Ex: Requirements for this position in DHL logistics company is quite high and
need a meticulous preparation.

40. Demand (n) : the need for particular goods or services

Nhu cầu
Ex: Due to a sudden spike in demand for online shopping, the logistics company
adjusted its delivery schedules to ensure timely shipments.

41. Competition (n) : companies trying to sell the same or similar

products to customers
Sự cạnh tranh
Ex: Competition between two companies offers people with a wide range of
choices before coming up with an ultimate decision.

UNIT 3: INVENTORY MANAGEMENT AND

PROCUREMENT

A. Vocabulary

42. Economies of scale (n) : reducing cost per unit by increasing

production
 Kinh tế quy mô
Ex: The company achieved economies of scale in logistics by consolidating
shipments, reducing transportation costs per unit as their order volume
increased.

43. Buffer stock (n) : goods keep in store to cover unforseen

shortages and fluctuations in demand
Dự trữ điều hoà
Ex: The company maintained a buffer stock of raw materials to prevent
production delays during unexpected supply chain disruptions.

44. Factory gate pricing (n) : transport costs are not included in the
purchase price of a product
Giá xuất xưởng
Ex: The logistics manager decided to implement factory gate pricing to reduce
transportation costs, allowing them to purchase goods directly from the
manufacturer without additional markup.

45. Supply chain (n) : the close co-operation of all parties

involved in the making, selling and
delivering
Chuỗi cung ứng
Ex: Efficient management of the supply chain is crucial for reducing costs and
ensuring timely delivery of products to customers.

46. Tender (n) : an offer for goods or services that follows a

request for a quotation made by an official
body, e.g. local government
Lời đề nghị cung cấp hàng hoá hoặc dịch
vụ, thường là 1 cơ quan địa phương chính
quyền yêu cầu báo giá
 Ex: The local government issued a tender for the construction of a new
community center, inviting contractors to submit their proposals by the end
of the month.

47. Lead time (n) : the time it takes to produce and supply a
product
Thời gian sản xuất, cung cấp
Ex: The lead time for shipping materials from the supplier has increased to two
weeks, affecting our production schedule.

48. Retailer (n) : a business that buys product from

wholesalers or manufacturers and resells to
customers
Nhà bán lẻ
Ex: The retailer streamlined its logistics operations to enhance delivery speed
and reduce costs, ensuring that customers received their orders on time.

49. Customer order cycle time (n) : time customers are prepared to wait for
the delivery of their order
Thời gian cho một chu kì đặt hàng
Ex: The logistics team implemented a new tracking system that reduced the
customer order cycle time from five days to three, improving overall
satisfaction.

50. Wholesaler (n) : an intermediate between manufacturers and

retailers which buy large quantities and sell
smaller quantities
Nhà bán buôn
Ex: The wholesaler coordinated with several manufacturers to streamline the
distribution process, ensuring that retailers received their products on time.
51. JIT – Just In Time (n) : a concept of reducing inventories by co-
ordianting the deliveries of materials just
before they are needed
Mô hình giúp quản lí hàng tồn kho
Ex: The company adopted a just-in-time (JIT) inventory system to minimize
storage costs and ensure that materials arrived only as they were needed for
production.

52. CRP (Cost Recovering Program) (n) : a way to calculate your income
while considering all the costs that
haven't been recovered yet
Chương trình phục hồi cước
Ex: The logistics company implemented a Cost Recovery Program (CRP) to
minimize losses from damaged goods and improve overall profitability.

53. DSD (Direct Store Delivery) (n) : orders are transferred electronically
to the manufacturer. Then they are
delivered to the retail store
Giao trực tiếp tại cửa hàng thay vì
qua trung tâm phân phối
Ex: The company opted for Direct Store Delivery (DSD) to reduce lead times
and ensure fresh products reached the shelves more quickly.

54. CM (Category Management) (n) : products that have similar

characteristics regarding their selling
profile are categorized into
“families”
Quản lý danh mục
Ex: By implementing Category Management (CM) in logistics, the company
was able to streamline its supply chain processes, optimizing the
procurement of goods and reducing costs.
55. VMI (Vendor-Managed Inventory) (n) : a system in which the inventory is
monitored, planned and managed by
the manufacturer on behalf of the
customer (often a retailer)
Phương thức quản lí hàng tồn kho
bởi nhà cung cấp
Ex: The company implemented a vendor-managed inventory system, allowing
suppliers to monitor stock levels and replenish products automatically,
reducing stockouts and improving efficiency.

56. CRP (Continuous Replenishment) (n) : real-time demand is identified by

electronic cash register and the
product movement is co-ordinated
from supplier to retail store
Phương pháp quản lí hàng tồn kho
tập trung vào việc bổ sung sản phẩm
một cách liên tục
Ex: The company implemented a continuous replenishment system to
automatically restock inventory levels, ensuring products were always
available without overstocking.

57. QR ( Quick Response) (n) : a system which is similar to CRP. It

is often used for products that needs
to be supplied frequently and in
small batch sizes
Sản xuất đáp ứng nhanh
Ex: The logistics company was praised for its quick response (QR) to delivery
issues, allowing them to reroute shipments and minimize delays.

58. Order Fulfillment (n) : the complete process from point of sales
enquiry to delivery of a product to the
customer
 Toàn bộ quá trình từ lúc khách đặt hàng
đến khi sản phẩm được giao đến tận tay
người tiêu dùng, bao gồm lấy hàng
Ex: The company's order fulfillment process was streamlined to ensure that
customers received their packages within 48 hours of placing an order.

59. Long-term agreement (n) : a legally binding contract between two

parties that outlines the terms and
conditions of a business relationship.
Sự thoả thuận lâu dài
Ex: The company secured a long-term agreement with its logistics provider,
ensuring reliable transportation services and cost stability for the next five
years.

UNIT 4: MODES OF TRANSPORT

60. Swap body container (n) : a type of standardized, interchangeable

freight container designed for efficient
multimodal transportation (Also called as
Swap tank container
Một loại bồn chứa được thiết kế để vận
chuyển và lưu trữ các loại hàng hóa lỏng
hoặc khí
Ex: The logistics company uses a swap body container to easily transfer goods
between trucks and trains, streamlining the shipping process and reducing
loading times.

61. Grappler lift (n) : a grasping device having hinged tines or

jaws that close around an object or load,
used especially in lifting or dragging heavy
items
Trục nâng hàng
 Ex: The warehouse utilized a grappler lift to efficiently move heavy pallets from
the loading dock to the storage shelves.

62. Road-rail trailer (n) : a combination of trailer truck and railroad

car with 2 sets of retractable wheels, one
steel, the other rubber, making possible
bimodal transportation on rails and
highways
Mô hình vận tải đường sắt-bộ
Ex: The logistics company used a road-rail trailer to efficiently transport goods
from the factory to the distribution center, combining the advantages of both
road and rail transport.

63. River barge (n) : a big, flat boat that can transport heavy
goods over water
Xà lan sông
Ex: The company used a river barge to transport bulk materials, significantly
reducing shipping costs and minimizing environmental impact.

64. Multimodal (n) : carriage of goods by at least 2 different

modes of transport, e.g. shipping by motor
lorry and aircraft
Hoạt động vận chuyển hàng hoá từ điểm
lấy hàng đến điểm trả hàng bằng nhiều
phương thức vận chuyển khác nhau
Ex: The company adopted a multimodal logistics strategy, utilizing trucks,
trains, and ships to optimize delivery times and reduce costs.

65. Piggyback (v) : combines road and rail transport: whole

motor lorries, trailers or swap bodies are
carried by rail
 Sự kết hợp giữa tính an toàn, năng lực vận
tải lớn cùng tốc độ nhanh chóng của hình
thức vận tải đường sắt với tính cơ động của
đường bộ
Ex: The company decided to piggyback its shipments with a larger freight
carrier, reducing shipping costs and improving delivery times.

66. Intermodal (n) : goods are transported in the same loading

unit or vehicle using different modes of
transport. The handling of the freight, itself
is not necessary when changing modes
Vận tải đa phương thức
Ex: The logistics company uses an intermodal approach, combining rail and
truck transportation to efficiently move goods across the country.

NOTE: The difference between “intermodal” and “multimodal” lies in the

transportation contract and transport liability of the seller and the buyer

67. Unaccompanied (adj) : the driver does not stay with his road
vehicle during transport by rail or ferry
Hàng hoá hoặc phương tiện di chuyển mà
không có người lái/tài xế trong suốt quá
trình vận chuyển
Ex: The shipment of unaccompanied freight arrived at the port, requiring careful
inspection before it could be released for distribution.

68. Block train (n) : a single shipper uses a whole train which is
run directly from the loading point to
the destination. No assembling and
disassembling is required
 Loại hình vận chuyển mà trong đó đoàn tàu
dùng toàn bộ các toa để chứa một loại hàng
và hàng hoá được vận chuyển từ điểm đi
đến điểm đích mà không cần tập kết hay
bóc dỡ trên đường
Ex: The logistics company implemented a block train system to streamline the
transportation of bulk goods, reducing delivery times and lowering shipping
costs

69. Single-wagon (n) : train is formed out of individual wagons or

set of wagons which have different origins
and different destinations
Toa lẻ
Ex: The logistics company efficiently transported the goods using a single-
wagon, optimizing costs and minimizing delivery time.

70. Gantry crane (n) : a type of overhead crane with a single or

double girder configuration
Cần cẩu giàn
Ex: The logistics company utilized a gantry crane to efficiently load shipping
containers onto trucks, significantly speeding up the loading process.

71. ISO Container (n) : cargo containers that can be used to ship
products visa trucks, boats, or trains. They
are international intermodal containers that
meet the standard specified by the
International Organization for
Standardization (ISO)
Container đa phương thức
Ex: The shipment was loaded into an ISO container to ensure it met
international shipping standards and could be easily transported by truck,
train, or ship.
72. Reach stacker (n) : a vehicle used for handling intermodal
cargo containers in small terminals or
medium-sized ports
Xe nâng gắp container
Ex: The warehouse used a reach stacker to efficiently move containers stacked
high, allowing for better space utilization in the shipping yard.

73. Transtainer (n) : can also be called “Transfer crane”, a large

gantry crane used to load and unload
containers onto trucks or railway wagons
or to store containers on top of each other
in stacks in a container yard
Cẩu di động
Ex: The logistics team used a transtainer to efficiently transfer containers
between ships and trucks at the port, speeding up the unloading process.

74. Pile = Stack (v) : to put objects on top of another

Xếp chồng lên
Ex: The forklift operator needs to stack the pallets carefully to prevent damage
during transportation.

75. Reefer container (n) : containers used for goods that need to be
temperature-controlled, also called as
“refrigerator container”
Container lạnh
Ex: The shipment of fresh seafood was transported in a reefer container to
maintain the optimal temperature and ensure product quality during transit.

76. General purpose container (n) : the standard containers used for loading
most types of normal cargo like concrete,
cereal,..
 Container chở hàng khô
Ex: The shipping company utilizes a general purpose container to transport a
variety of goods, ensuring flexibility in meeting different client needs.

77. Open top container (n) : container that has an open top cover by a
tarpaulin instead of a solid roof, used to
transport oversized machines,..
Container mở nóc/container hở mái
Ex: The logistics company utilized an open top container to transport oversized
machinery, allowing for easy loading and unloading from above.

78. Tarpaulin (n) : (a large piece of) heavy waterproof cloth used
as a covering
Tấm bạt
Ex: The logistics team used a tarpaulin to cover the shipment, protecting it from
rain during transport.

79. Tanktainer (n) : an intermodal container for the transport of

liquids, gases and powders as bulk cargo
Container bồn
Ex: The logistics company used a tanktainer to transport liquid chemicals safely
across international borders.

80. Flat-rack container (n) : a piece of equipment used to ship products

internationally when the cargo cannot fit inside
a standard container. A flatrack container only
has walls or support post on the ends, which
allows for the loading of cargo from the top
and/or sides
Một loại container đặc biệt dùng để vận
chuyển hàng hóa lớn và nặng
 Ex: The logistics team opted for flat-rack containers to transport oversized
machinery, allowing for easier loading and unloading while maximizing
space efficiency.

81. Perishable cargo ≠ Non-perishable cargo (n) : Cargo that can be easily
damaged like meat, fish,…≠
cargo hardly be damaged like
crude oil, ancohol
Hàng dễ hỏng ≠ hàng khó
hỏng
Ex: The logistics company implemented temperature-controlled shipping to
ensure the safe transport of perishable cargo, such as fresh produce and
dairy products.

UNIT 5: PLANNING AND ARRANGING TRANSPORT

82. Transit time (n) : the interval needed for a shipment to be

delivered once it has been picked up from
the point of departure
Thời gian vận chuyển hàng hoá từ cảng
xếp hàng đến cảng dỡ hàng
Ex: The new shipping route has reduced the average transit time from two
weeks to just five days, improving overall delivery efficiency.

83. Tare weight (n) : a weight of an empty vehicle or container

Trọng lượng không tải
Ex: The truck's tare weight was recorded before loading to ensure accurate
calculations of the total weight for shipping compliance.
84. Internal length (n) : the total length of an empty shell without
any furnitures or appliances installed but
exclude the front locker (if there is one)
Độ dài bên trong container
Ex: The truck's internal length was measured to ensure it could accommodate
the shipment of oversized equipment.

85. Internal height (n) : the distance from the base to the top of the
container
Chiều cao bên trong của container
Ex: The container's internal height was measured to ensure that it could
accommodate the stacked pallets without exceeding height restrictions
during transport.

86. Net weight (n) : the weight of an item/product without the

addition of the packaging or container
weight
Khối lượng tịnh
Ex: The shipping documents listed the net weight of the cargo as 2,000
kilograms, excluding the packaging materials.

87. Gross weight (n) : total weight of a vehicle when it is fully

loaded with passengers, cargo or any
additional equipment
Tổng khối lượng hàng hoá
Ex: Before loading the cargo, the logistics team checked the gross weight to
confirm it did not exceed the truck's weight limit.

88. Payload (n) : the maximum load weight of a container

 Tổng lượng vật chất tối đa cho phép ở bên
trong container, bao gồm: hàng hóa, bao bì,
các vật chèn lót
Ex: The logistics company optimized its delivery routes to maximize the
payload capacity of each truck, reducing shipping costs and improving
efficiency.

UNIT 6: SHIPPING GOODS

89. Diagonally (adv) : in a straight and sloping way that is not

horizontal or vertical
Đường chéo
Ex: The warehouse manager arranged the pallets diagonally to optimize space
and improve accessibility for the picking team.

90. Strap overhanging (v) : securing cargo that extends beyond a

vehicle by using straps for safe transport
Cố định hàng hoá vượt quá phương tiện
vận chuyển bằng dây đai
Ex: The logistics team ensured that the strap overhanging from the pallet was
secured properly to prevent any shifting during transport.

91. Align (v) : to put 2 or more things into a straight line,

or to form a straight line
Sắp xếp thành đường thẳng
Ex: The logistics manager had to align the cargo on the truck to maximize space
and ensure safe transport.
 92. Customs formalities (n) : required procedures fro importing or
exporting goods across borders
Thủ tục hải quan
Ex: Before shipping the goods internationally, the logistics team ensured all
custom formalities were completed to prevent delays at the border.

NOTE: THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CUSTOMS FORMALITIES

AND CUSTOMS CLEARANCE IS THAT
- CUSTOMS CLEARANCE: WHEN ALL PROCESS IS DONE AND YOU
ARE ABLE TO TRANSPORT GOODS INTO ANOTHER COUNTRY.

- CUSTOMS FORMALITIES: IS THE PROCESS OF GETTING CUSTOMS

CLEARANCE

93. Bale (n) : a large amount of something such as hay,

paper, wool, or cloth that has been tied
tightly together
Kiện, bó như bó rơm, kiện vải,..
Ex: The warehouse received a shipment of 100 bales of cotton, which were
quickly sorted and stored for processing.

94. Drum (n) : a large tube-like container

thùng đựng
Ex: The logistics team used a drum to securely package the hazardous materials,
ensuring safe transport and compliance with regulations.

95. Crate (n) : a box made of wood, plastic or metal,

especially one divided into parts to hold
bottles
Thùng đựng (lon bia, chai nước,..)
 Ex: The logistics team carefully packed fragile items into sturdy crates to ensure
safe transport to the warehouse.

UNIT 7: WAREHOUSING AND STORAGE

96. Receiving area (n) : place where incoming goods arrive and
documentation is checked and recorded.
Goods are often unpacked and repacked
here to make their format more
suitable for ware-house handling
Khu vực tiếp nhận hàng hoá
Ex: The receiving area was crowded with new shipments, so the team quickly
organized the space to streamline the unloading process.

97. Back-up storage (n) : area holds most of the warehouse inventory
Khu vực lưu trữ sự phòng
Ex: The warehouse uses back-up storage to keep excess inventory in case of
unexpected demand spikes.

98. Order picking area (n) : goods are selected in right quantities. Here
we also break bulk
Khu vực lấy hàng
Ex: The warehouse manager reorganized the order picking area to improve
efficiency and reduce the time needed to fulfill customer orders.

99. Break bulk (v) : to form smaller units from larger units
Hoạt động xử lý và vận chuyển hàng hóa
rời hoặc hàng hóa đóng gói riêng lẻ (như
thùng, bao, kiện) nhưng không được chứa
trong container hoặc không được vận
chuyển đồng bộ trên pallet.
 Ex: The company decided to break bulk at the port, repackaging the large
shipment into smaller loads for easier distribution to various regional
warehouses.

100. Sortation area (n) : area where we deal with smaller order
sizes. Sometimes several orders have been
batched together to simplyfy the picking
process and now need to be sorted down to
individual orders
Khu vực phân loại hàng hóa trong các
trung tâm logistics hoặc kho bãi
Ex: Packages are first scanned and sorted in the sortation area before being
dispatched to their respective delivery routes.

101. Collation and value-added services (n) : After picking, the goods are
consolidated and made ready for
dispatch. Depending on the
customer’s requirements, the goods
can be packed into cartons or they
are wrapped. Some warehouses
also provide special services such
as labelling,..
Lắp ráp và dịch vụ giá trị gia tăng
Ex: The logistics company offered collation and value-added services, such as
bundling products and custom packaging, to enhance efficiency and
improve customer satisfaction.

102. Marshalling and dispatch (n) : Goods are brought together to form
vehicle loads and are then loadad
onto vehicles for onward dispatch
Sắp xếp hàng hoá và gửi hàng đến
điểm đích
Ex: The logistics team efficiently handled the marshalling and dispatch of
goods, ensuring that all shipments were loaded and sent out on schedule.
103. Dispatch (v) : goods are brought together for loading and
transport
Gừi hàng, vận chuyển hàng
Ex: The logistics team coordinated the dispatch of the shipment to ensure it
arrived at the customer’s location on time.

104. Collation (n) : complete orders are packed and wrapped

Quá trình đóng gói và hoàn chỉnh đơn hàng
Ex: The logistics team performed a collation of all incoming shipments to
ensure accurate inventory records before distribution.

105. Order picking and sortation (n) : the goods are selected and put together in
the units required by the customer
Lấy hàng và phân loại đơn hàng theo yêu
cầu khách hàng
Ex: In our warehouse, order picking and sortation are streamlined to enhance
efficiency, allowing us to quickly gather and organize items for shipping
based on customer requests.

106. Receiving area (n) : area where the goods are prepared for
warehouse operations
Khu vực nhận hàng
Ex: The receiving area was organized to streamline the process of checking
incoming shipments and quickly updating the inventory system.

107. Batch (v) : put several things together

Gom lại
Ex: The team decided to batch the orders together to reduce shipping costs and
improve delivery efficiency.
 108. Rigid (adj) : stiff or fixed, not able to be bent or moved
Cứng, khó bị bẻ cong
Ex: The shipment included a variety of rigid goods, such as metal parts and
plastic containers, which required careful handling to prevent damage
during transport.

109. Collapsible (adj) : collapsible furniture can be folded so it can

be easily put or stand in a smaller space
Có thể gập lại được, xếp lại được
Ex: The company invested in collapsible crates to optimize storage space and
reduce transportation costs during logistics operations.

110. Bulky (adj) : a bulky object takes up a lot of space, or is

difficult to move or carry
To lớn, cồng kềnh
Ex: Due to its bulky nature, the shipment required special handling and
additional space in the warehouse.

111. Stack (v) : put on top each other

Xếp chồng lên
Ex: We must stack goods on each other to minimize the space for other cargo as
well

UNIT 8: DOCUMENTATION AND FINANCE

A. DOCUMENTATION

112. Commercial Invoice (C/I) (n) : a document that contains specific

information regarding the goods
shipped and the conditions agreed
between buyer and seller
 Hoá đơn thương mại
Ex: The freight forwarder required a commercial invoice to process the
shipment, detailing the goods' description, value, and terms of sale.

113. Certificate of Origin (C/O) (n) : document used in foreign trade

which states where the goods were
produced. It is often required by
customs authority
Giấy chứng nhận xuất xứ hàng hoá
Ex: The shipping company required a certificate of origin to verify the products'
country of manufacture before clearing customs.

114. Packing List (n) : a document which specifies the content of

any form of packaging, e.g. boxes,
containers, cartons, without indicating the
value of the goods shipped
Phiếu chi tiết hàng hoá
Ex: The logistics manager created a detailed packing list to ensure all items were
included before shipping the order to the client.

115. Airway Bill (n) : a contract between airline and shipper. It is

a shipping document which states the terms
and conditions of carriage and is also a
receipt for the consignment
Vận đơn hàng không
Ex: The shipment was delayed because the airway bill was incorrectly filled out,
causing confusion at customs.

116. Pro forma invoice (n) : a special kind of invoice sometimes

required by the importing country. It needs
to be approved by an embassy
Hoá đơn chiếu lệ
 Ex: The embassy requested a pro forma invoice from the supplier to confirm the
estimated costs before finalizing the order.

117. Export license (n) : a document which is granted by a

government authority and states that
specific goods can be exported
Giấy phép xuất khẩu
Ex: Before shipping the goods overseas, the company obtained an export license
to comply with international trade regulations.

118. Customs Invoice (n) : a specific document which is granted by

customs in some countries when importing
goods. It includes more detail than a
Commercial Invoice
Hoá đơn hải quan
Ex: The shipping company submitted the customs invoice to ensure the timely
clearance of the imported goods at the border.

119. Dangerous Goods Declaration (n) : certificates prepared by the shipper

or consigner which states that
hazardous goods are handled
according to international shipping
regulations
Tờ khai hàng hoá nguy hiểm
Ex: Before shipping the hazardous materials, the logistics manager ensured that
a dangerous goods declaration was completed to comply with safety
regulations.

120. Bill of Lading (B/L) (n) : a contract between carrier and shipper
which specifies the goods to be shipped
and delivery terms (INCOTERMS). It is
also a receipt of shipment and accompanies
the goods until they reach their destination
 Vận đơn đường biển
Ex: The shipping company provided a bill of lading that detailed the contents of
the cargo and confirmed receipt for transport to the destination.

B. METHODS OF PAYMENT

121. Advance payment (n) : customer/importer has to pay for the

goods before they are shipped
Phương thức ứng trước
Ex: The logistics company required an advance payment before shipping the
goods to ensure that the client was committed to the order.

122. Cash on delivery (n) : customers pay immediately on

receiving the goods. This service is
usually provided by the post office
Nhận hàng rồi thanh toán
Ex: The company offers cash on delivery as a payment option, allowing
customers to pay for their orders at the time of delivery rather than in
advance.

123. Open Account (n) : the exporter supplies the goods and
the importer/customer pays for them
at an agreed date in the future
Phương thức ghi sổ
Ex: Open account is the most used method of payment between the two parties
that have a regular buying and selling relationship with small quantities and
mutual trust.

124. Document Against Payment (n) : also called as “Cash Against

Payment” means that the exporter
has full control over the documents
 until payment has been made by the
importers
Trả tiền khi giao chứng từ
Ex: The shipping company used a document against payment method, ensuring
that the cargo was released to the buyer only after the payment was
confirmed.

125. Documentary Credit (n) : involves the buyer and the seller’s
bank. It is a promise made by the
opening bank that payment will be
made on receiving documents that
comply with the terms agreed (Also
called “Letter of credit”)
Thư tín dụng
Ex: The exporter used a documentary credit as a method of payment to ensure
that the shipment would only be released once all the required documents
were verified by the bank.

126. Bank guarantee (n) : used to cover financial risk in

international transactions e.g. if a
buyer does not pay
Bảo lãnh ngân hàng
Ex: The shipping company required a bank guarantee as a method of payment to
ensure that the exporter would fulfill the terms of the contract before
releasing the goods.

Source: English for Logistics (Oxford)

THE END