33/11KV SUBSTATION
PLACE : ANANTHAPURAMU REPORTED BY : V.RAGHUVEERA REDDY
DATE :
This is the report on 33/11 kv Substation near JNTUA College of
engineering ,Ananthapuramu. We visited the substation with S.N.LANANYA madam guidance.
In india electricty is generated generally at 11 kv voltage and step-up it upto 440/220 kv etc.
for transmission purpose because it impossible to generate electricity at any where, So
transmission is needed . In long transmission various type of losses are occur, if we transmit
generated voltage like 11 kv for example 200 to 500 km so it is impossible to receiving voltage
would be usable .so first we step up then transmit and detail are described below.
Line diagram of generation to distribution of
electricity
Generating station:-
Electrical power is produced in generating station. which are far away from the
consumer or load center. there is large network of line conductor between generating
station and consumer .energy is generated by different methods which are following as
Thermal power station,Hydro power station, Nuclear power station, Diesel power
station, Wind power station, and Solar power station. Generating power capacity of
generating station is 11KV due to form factor. By using step-up transformer 11KV is
step-up into 220KV.
Transmission line:-
By using transmission line Electrical power is transmit at one end to other end. Here
transmission line is connected between generating station to receiving station. its
known as primary transmission line. voltage rating of transmission line is high about
220KV. which is step-up by using transformer.
Receiving station:-
Primary transmission line is connected to the receiving station. transmission line
voltage is about 220KV which is step-down to 132KV or 66KV using step-down
transformer and that voltage is supply to the substation through the transmission line
its known as secondary transmission line.
Substation:-
The secondary transmission line is connected to substation. Voltage rating of secondary
transmission line is 132KV or 66KV which is step-down to the 11KV by using step-down
transformer. This 11KV is deliver to the distribution station.
Distribution station:-
The system by which electrical power is deliver to the consumer from the substation is
called Distribution line. 11KV which is deliver by substation is directly given to the
HT(high tension) consumer like industrial area. that line known as a primary distribution
line. Electrical power from primary distribution line is deliver to the various station. its
called distribution station. the distribution station is located near to the consumer area.
and the voltage is step down 11KV to 400v or 230V by Transformer. that voltage is
deliver to the consumer or load center that known as secondary distribution line.
Secondary distribution system is 3 phase ,4 wire system.
Consumer:-
Secondary distribution line is deliver power to the consumer. the voltage rating is 400V
or 230V. 400V is used for the industries or commercial load. It is 3 phase , 4 wire system.
230V is used for the domestic load. It is single phase, 2 wire system.
Power Transformer:-
A transformer is a four-terminal device that transforms an AC input voltage into a higher or
lower AC output voltage. It transforms power from a particular circuit to another with no
frequency changes regardless of the voltage levels. The transformer consists of three main
components: primary winding, which acts as an input, the second coil secondary winding,
which acts as the output, and the iron core, which serves to strengthen the magnetic field
generated. Transformer has no internal moving parts, and it transfers energy from one circuit
to another by electromagnetic induction. External cooling may include heat exchangers,
radiators, fans, and oil pumps. Transformers typically used because a change in voltage is
needed. Power transformers are defined as transformers rated 500 kVA and larger (In figure 3
is shown typical power transformer of 5 MVA).
POWER TRANSFORMER
