1.
Cụm từ chỉ lý do (Phrases Indicating Cause)
Cụm từ Nghĩa Ví dụ
The match was cancelled on account of the heavy
on account of vì, do
rain.
due to = because of vì, do The flight was delayed due to bad weather.
in view of = given = khi xét tới điều
In view of the traffic, we left early for the airport.
considering gì
Owing to the lack of funds, the project was
owing to vì
stopped.
As a result of the storm, many houses were
as a result of do, vì
damaged.
dựa trên, xét In light of the new rules, all employees must wear
in (the) light of
theo an ID badge.
2. Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ (Phrases Indicating Concession)
Cụm từ Nghĩa Ví dụ
regardless of bất chấp He continued working regardless of the difficulties.
irrespective of bất kể, bất chấp The rules apply to everyone irrespective of age.
despite/in spite of mặc dù They continued with their trip despite the heavy rain.
3. Các cụm khác (Other Common Phrases)
Cụm từ Nghĩa Ví dụ
instead of thay vì We walked to school instead of taking the bus.
thanks to nhờ có Thanks to her help, we finished the project on time.
with regard to liên quan tới I am writing with regard to your job application.
by means of bằng cách He explained the lesson by means of pictures.
in contrast to trái ngược với In contrast to his brother, he is very quiet.
in place of thay cho You can use honey in place of sugar.
Cụm từ Nghĩa Ví dụ
in addition to ngoài ra In addition to English, she speaks French.
Common Phrases
Phrase Meaning Example Sentence
except for / apart from / aside
ngoại trừ Except for the last question, the test was easy.
from
Prior to the meeting, she prepared all the
prior to trước
documents.
She studied hard with a view to passing the
with a view to + V-ing để làm gì
exam.
xét tới điều In terms of price, this car is cheaper than that
in terms of
gì one.
Passage 1
Last weekend, we went on a trip to the mountains. (1) ____ the bad weather, we had to change
our plans and leave later than expected. (2) ____ the delay, we still had a great time exploring
nature.
The view was beautiful, and we enjoyed hiking. (3) ____ our guide, we learned many interesting
facts about the area. The trip was unforgettable, and we hope to go again soon.
Question 1.
A. Prior to
B. Due to
C. Despite
D. Instead of
Question 2.
A. Because of
B. In terms of
C. In place of
D. In spite of
Question 3.
A. Thanks to
B. Except for
C. By means of
D. Owing to
Passage 2
Green living helps protect the environment. (4) ____ climate change, more people are trying to
live in an eco-friendly way. (5) ____ using plastic bags, we can use reusable ones. Saving energy
and water is also important. (6) ____ recycling, people can plant trees and reduce waste. Small
changes in daily life can help make the planet cleaner and safer for the future.
Question 4.
A. In view of
B. In spite of
C. On behalf of
D. In contrast to
Question 5.
A. Instead of
B. Thanks to
C. Due to
D. By means of
Question 6.
A. Because of
B. In addition to
C. Despite
D. In terms of
Passage 3
Liam wanted to get fit (7) ____ joining a marathon. He started training every morning. (8) ____
the race, he followed a healthy diet and practised hard. However, (9) ____ a sudden illness, he
had to rest for a few days. Still, he didn’t give up. On race day, he ran with all his strength and
finished successfully. His hard work paid off in the end!
Question 7.
A. In terms of
B. In place of
C. In spite of
D. With a view to
Question 8.
A. Apart from
B. Prior to
C. Despite
Question 9.
A. On account of
B. Aside from
C. In addition to
D. In place of
Passage 4 - School Writing Contest
Our school held a writing contest last month. Students of all ages could join (10) ____ their
grade level. The rules were simple, (11) ____ a word limit that everyone had to follow. (12) ____
the high number of participants, the judges took extra time to review the entries. (13) ____ the
tough competition, one student won with an inspiring story. The contest was a great way for
students to show their creativity and improve their writing skills.
Question 10.
A. In view of
B. Regardless of
C. In place of
D. Instead of
Question 11.
A. Instead of
B. On account of
C. Except for
D. In terms of
Question 12.
A. Owing to
B. Instead of
C. On behalf of
D. In place of
Question 13.
A. Instead of
B. Due to
C. Despite
D. In contrast to
Passage 5 - Hotel Complaint Letter
Dear Manager,
I am writing to complain about my recent stay at your hotel. (14) ____ the service, it was very
disappointing. The staff was unhelpful and slow. (15) ____ what was promised, the room was
not clean, and the air conditioner did not work. (16) ____ food, the breakfast was cold and had
very few options. (17) ____ these issues, my stay was uncomfortable. I hope you improve your
service.
Sincerely,
Victoria Chase
Question 14.
A. Thanks to
B. On behalf of
C. In place of
D. With regard to
Question 15.
A. In contrast to
B. Regardless of
C. Due to
D. On account of
Question 16.
A. Apart from
B. In spite of
C. In terms of
D. Because of
Question 17.
A. Irrespective of
B. As a result of
C. In spite of
D. Prior to
Passage 6 - School Rule Changes
Our school has introduced new rules (18) ____ recent student feedback. (19) ____ the regular
dress code, students must now wear ID cards at all times. Plastic bottles are no longer allowed,
so students must use reusable bottles (20) ____ disposable ones. (21) ____ health concerns, the
cafeteria now offers healthier meals. These changes are meant to improve the school
environment. While some students find the rules strict, they will help create a better and safer
learning space.
Question 18.
A. In light of
B. Instead of
C. Except for
D. In addition to
Question 19.
A. Prior to
B. By means of
C. Aside from
D. In view of
Question 20.
A. In terms of
B. In place of
C. On account of
D. In spite of
Question 21.
A. Irrespective of
B. On behalf of
C. Instead of
D. Because of
Passage 7 - Club Rules Update
Our club has introduced new rules (22) ____ the increasing number of members. Everyone must
attend meetings (23) ____ their experience level. (24) ____ regular activities, members must
also participate in community projects. Communication will now be improved (25) ____ a new
online group where members can share ideas and updates. These rules will help the club run
smoothly and ensure that everyone stays involved.
Question 22.
A. Instead of
B. Considering
C. Prior to
D. Except for
Question 23.
A. As a result of
B. On account of
C. In place of
D. Irrespective of
Question 24.
A. In addition to
B. Owing to
C. Due to
D. In terms of
Question 25.
A. Aside from
B. Prior to
C. By means of
D. Instead of
Passage 8 - Conservation Programme
A new conservation programme has been launched to protect endangered animals. (26) ____
habitat destruction, many species are at risk. (27) ____ this programme, wildlife areas are now
being restored. (28) ____ the importance of biodiversity, experts are working hard to save these
animals. (29) ____ past efforts, this programme focuses on both land and marine life. (30) ____
funding, the project relies on donations and government support. Everyone can help by
spreading awareness and supporting conservation efforts.
Question 26.
A. Instead of
B. Aside from
C. Owing to
D. On behalf of
Question 27.
A. Thanks to
B. In place of
C. In addition to
D. In contrast to
Question 28.
A. In spite of
B. Given
C. Regardless of
D. With regard to
Question 29.
A. In place of
B. In contrast to
C. Due to
D. Irrespective of
Question 30.
A. Aside from
B. Despite
C. In terms of
D. By means of
