Family

• I live in a big family, and I could not imagine having my siblings. There are two
of them: my elder sister and a younger brother.
Having a lot of siblings gives me a lot of love, to have and to give. I always
have someone to talk to, play with, go to the cinema with and I can always be
given a hand when I need it. We often have deep conversations about life,
love, our plans and everyday issues.
My brother and my sister are always there for me and I'm always there for
them. I am never able to care only about myself and I never want to. I share
everything and they also do so.
My younger brother is only 7 years old. I spoil him and help take care of him,
though he is becoming more and more independent as he grows older.
If there is a drawback to having a large family, I think it is that sometimes
siblings have to wear hand-me-downs. This is not the case in my family. My
parents are quite well-off, so we always wear clothes that were bought for us.
All in all, I can say that if family is bliss, then big family is indeed double bliss.

2., Friends

• I do not have too many friends, and the main reason for this might be that I
have certain expectations of friends.
There are some people that I love hanging out with, others that I share a
common interest with and others that can support me in troubled times.
However, there are very few people who meet all these demands, so I only
have few really good friends.
I think I have a good sense of humour, and I expect my friends to be good
fun, too. Laughter is a key to friendship. As I see it, sharing the pleasure of
humour creates a bond between two people.
Another thing I find important about friendship is that we should never hold
grudges. Even if we have arguments sometimes, they should be quickly
forgotten.
3., Work

• I think it is quite difficult for companies to retain good employees because

there is a fierce competition among employers.
It's sad when good employees quit, especially when an organization has
invested a lot in them in terms of training, attention, and commitment.
Once I read an article that said that over 50% of employees who have quit
their job have done so to get away from their bosses. That's a lot. Another
research shows that the people who quit jobs are often the most valuable
employees. They are people who feel like they deserve a certain kind of
treatment at work, people who feel like they have better options.
One of the most common reasons people quit jobs is that they want more
 opportunity for promotion, and they want to earn more money. They are quite
often unsatisfied with their work environment and want to have a better work-
life balance.
All these reasons are different ways of saying they need better leadership.
Progressive leaders know that you can’t buy loyalty, it has to be earned.
Feedback, recognition and attention are the most important factors when it
comes to retaining talented people.
4., Programming

• We do not have universal tools. Robots do not have common sense. Strategic,
critical decision making is not something that machines can do. Robots can
do routine data processing tasks and the predictable physical work. So,
people should not worry about losing their jobs.

• In the twentieth century the number of people working in the agriculture

dropped. But ten years ago, the Internet was in full bloom, and nobody predicted
the jobs that a lot of people do today in this sector.

• Everybody who feels left behind by the rapid progress in machines should be
retrained. Computer literacy is absolutely fundamental in the 21st century. So,
we should insist on having it as part of our education. If all children learn how
to program, and how to make things, they get superpowers. Because if you
know how to make things, and you know how to program them, how to breathe
life into what you build through programming, you can imagine anything. You
can make it happen. So, the world, the possibilities become endless. If all kids
were to graduate from secondary school knowing these skills, it would make a
big difference in terms of STEM jobs, in terms of participating in the overall
economy.

5., Robots

• Many people are scared of losing their jobs as they think robots will take
over. I think we had better take into consideration how much work we can
offload to machines and understand that robots are nothing than
extraordinarily powerful tools. They are what we choose to do with them. This
is an opportunity for us to rethink how we view the world.

There is an extraordinary potential in robot technology. Humans can do some

things better than machines; machines can do some things better than
humans. When you put it together, everyone wins. So, there should be a
collaboration between machines and us.

From my point of view, I'm wildly excited about offloading my routine activities
 to machines so that I focus on what I think is exciting and interesting. I can
only agree with what John Kennedy said: " If men have the talent to invent
new machines that put men out of work, they have the talent to put those men
back to work.
6., Health

• Most people who are drawn to vegetarianism give up meat because of their
concern for animals that get slaughtered to provide food for humans. They
also want to have a longer and healthier life.

Studies say that over two thirds of all diseases are related to diet. People
who choose to be vegetarian think that in this way they can reduce the risk of
developing high blood pressure, diabetes and cancer. As they consume less
animal fat and cholesterol, they have more chances to prevent
cardiovascular diseases, which are considered to be a leading cause of
death in Hungary.

Having a low-fat vegetarian diet also helps you to keep your weight down.
Fruits and vegetables are rich in complex carbohydrates that supply the body
with energy. So, you will have more energy to learn or work.

As a result, not only can you ward off diseases, but you can look more
gorgeous, too, if you follow a vegetarian diet.
7., Balanced diet

• A balanced diet is one that gives your body the nutrients it needs to function
correctly. This means eating a wide variety of foods in the right proportions.
To get the proper nutrition from your diet, you should consume fresh fruit,
fresh vegetables, lean meat and whole grains. All these include a lot of
vitamins and minerals that are beneficial to your body. Whole grains contain
more fibre than white varieties.
Without good nutrition, your body is more prone to disease, infection, fatigue
and poor performance.
At the core of a balanced diet are foods that are low in unnecessary fats and
sugars, and high in vitamins, minerals and other nutrients.
Besides adding certain foods to your diet, you should also reduce your
consumption of certain substances to maintain a balanced diet and healthy
weight. These include alcohol, refined grains, fats, salt and sugar.
8., Obesity

• Everybody knows that the main factors leading to obesity are having an
inactive lifestyle and eating too much.
An average person needs to eat about 2,000 calories every day to maintain
their weight. Men generally need more calories than women, and people who
exercise need more calories than people who don’t.
However, a person’s specific daily calorie intake can vary depending on a lot
of other factors like their age and physical activity level. If you take in more
calories than you burn through exercise and normal daily activities, you will
become obese. Your body does not burn the excess calories but stores
them as fat. This is why a sedentary lifestyle is extremely harmful.
Studies have shown that obesity and excess weight can increase the risk of
developing a number of health conditions, including diabetes and cancer.
Unfortunately, our diets are too high in calories and are full of fast food and
high-calorie beverages. (italok)
 Family
1., Multigenerational households
Three generations living together is a different situation than just being able to get
along at family get-togethers. It can have several reasons, most often

• The need to look after the elderly

• Financial considerations
• Respect for traditional family values
• In order to have a successful multigenerational home, everyone must co-
operate and work together
• It will never work out if the different generations cannot get along
• Having three generations under the same roof allows for families to spend
more quality time together
• It provides grandparents with a better opportunity to connect with their
grandchildren and can ultimately create a loving environment
Pros:

• Grandparents can provide a lot of supportive childcare and there is no need

for a babysitter if an emergency arises.
• They can have a very positive influence on their grandchildren by giving
them advice or simply listening to their problems when the parents are busy
working.
• Grandchildren on the other hand can teach grandparents to keep up with
modern technology.
• Providing them with daily social interactions will help decrease loneliness and
improve their quality of life.
• Adult children can have the ability to provide in-home care and keep an eye
on ageing parents especially when the parents lose the ability to live on their
own.
• Houshold chores can be divided up evenly.
• However, it largely depends on the ability and mobility of the grandparents.
• If they’re mobile and able to complete chores without risking their safety,
giving all family members weekly tasks can make for a clean and well working
household.
Cons:

• Less privacy for all family members can be a disadvantage of

multigenerational households.
• Boundaries must be set for the entire family, ensuring everyone respects
each other’s private life.
 • It is a good idea to have family discussions once a month to make sure each
family member is happy with the living environment
All in all, although life in a multigenerational family is not free from pitfalls (buktató,
csapda), it still seems to have more pros than cons.

2., How family roles have changed in the past few decades.
• 100 years ago, people generally lived in extended families where at least
three generations lived under the same roof.
Pros:

• While grandparents helped parents raise the children, they were also provided
with daily social interaction which prevented loneliness and feeling useless.
Cons:

• However, the generation gap could easily spoil family life.

Then, the nuclear family gradually replaced the extended family.

• 50 years ago, the average family consisted of a married couple with children.
• Nowadays there are fewer marriages because of less social or family
pressure.
• Now it is no longer expected that young people will get married and settle
down.
• There is more freedom of choice.
While 50 years ago the father was the breadwinner, and the mother stayed at home
to raise the children, women now have more equality and opportunity in education
and work and many now choose to have a career and success instead of getting
married and having children.
Women have fewer children and have children later, which is due to the fact that
they work more and often put career before family or leave it later to have children.
Nowadays more and more fathers take part in household chores and the
upbringing of the children.
Divorce:

• A 100 years ago divorce was socially unacceptable and condemned.

• Since then, it has become socially acceptable as attitudes have changed
from it being shameful to a matter of personal choice by the couple.
• The rise in divorces has led to more single-parent families.
• Many women are single parents by choice because they want a child but not
a permanent partner.
Growing up in a single-parent family involves risks:

• Children may lack emotional security because they don’t see both role
models.
• It can also cause financial difficulties.
Although over half of all marriages end in divorce, many of these individuals choose
to get remarried.

• This creates a patchwork or blended family which involves (magába

foglal)two separate families merging into (beleolvadni) one new unit.
• It consists of a new husband and wife and their common children and
children from previous marriages or relationships.
• Patchwork families are about as common as the nuclear family, although they
tend to have more problems, such as adjustment periods and discipline
(fegyelem) issues.
• Patchwork families need to learn to work together and also work with their
exes to ensure these family units run smoothly.
Today’s unprecedented migration of people around the globe in search of work has
also had a widespread result.
It is the separation of families and, as a result, the appearance of scattered
families.
Family members live dispersed all over the world and they can keep in touch only
through modern communications.
 People and society

• Humans are social beings, which means it is in their nature to form, maintain
and protect social relationships.
• To fulfill this need, we seek relationships with those at work, at school, in our
communities, on sports teams, in online communities, and in other social
contexts.
• Depriving(megfosztani) people of social relationships can be physically and
psychologically devastating.

2., Friendship

• Friendship is a close association between two people marked by feelings of

care, respect, admiration, concern, or liking.
• People who report having friends are generally happier and feel better about
themselves, while people with few or no friends may feel more isolated,
frustrated, or angry.
• Friendship plays a significant role in happiness and well-being.
• Conflict in friendships can be extremely distressing, and the loss of a friend
can spark immense(óriási) grief.
3., Marriage

• Another intense relationship between people is love.

• It is characterized by passion, intimacy, trust and respect.
• Individuals in a romantic relationship are deeply attached to each other, trust
each other and share a special bond.
• Marriage happens when two individuals in love decide to take their
relationship to the next level.
• Marriage is a kind of formalized relationship where two individuals decide to
enter wedlock and stay together life-long through thick and thin.
• These days marriage is not as widespread as it used to be.
• A lot of people might love each other and live together but decide not to get
married.
Consumer society

• Is a social and economic order which tries to provide economic growth by

increasing the desire to purchase goods and services in even greater
amounts.
• Living in a consumer society has as many disadvantages as advantages.
• The consumer society rewards the hard-working and innovative individual.
• If you have an idea, concept or product, with hard work and
perseverance(kitartás) you can succeed.
 • Another advantage is that consumers can choose from a large variety of
products, so they can look different, and they don’t have to eat the same meal
every day.
• They can buy the product instead of having to do all the hard work of making
it.
• Buying things instead of making them also means saving time, but most of
that time must be spent on earning the money to be able to purchase different
products.
• So, it is not necessarily true that living in a consumer society means having
more free time.
• The biggest disadvantage of consumerism is that the amount of products
people buy day by day has moved beyond basic needs.
• Consumers are urged to over shop by catchy advertisements and the belief
that money and material possessions(javak) are the real values of life that
can bring true happiness.
• Moreover, once people start buying, many of them won’t be able to stop and
might become shopaholics.
• Such values have infected romantic and family relationships as well with the
expectations of material exchanges and consumption at the center of many
dating and marital relationships.
• So, living in a consumer society can boost the economy and give consumers
material possessions, however, it can destroy human relationships.

Addictions

• Addiction usually refers to compulsive behavior that leads to negative effects.

• In most addictions, people feel compelled to do (kénytelen tenni valamit)
certain activities so often they become a harmful habit.
• Addictions harms not only the people with the addiction, but also everyone
around them
Gambling

• Is one of the most dangerous addictive behaviors.

• The driving factor for people addicted to gambling is the hope that they will
win unbelievable amounts of money within a matter of minutes.
• The results are often shocking, leaving people homeless, in serious debt, and
often divorced.
Gaming

• Addiction to gaming is most common among children, teens and even adults
all over the world.
• The consequences of video game addiction are devastating.
 • Not only can sitting for long periods of time playing video games affect health,
but gamers are also likely to mix reality with cyber-reality and develop
behavioral issues and psychological problems.
Social networking

• Addict is someone with a compulsion to use social media to excess.

• This means constantly checking Facebook status updates for hours on end.
• This addiction can have a negative impact on face-to-face communications
and prove to be extremely dangerous physically and mentally.
• This holds especially true for teens.
Risky behavior

• Millions of people throughout the world are obsessed with risky behavior to
look cool or feel important.
• These activities trigger a rush of adrenaline and thrill, which makes them do
bungee jumping, base jumping, freediving, cliff jumping or ice climbing,
just to name some risky activities.
• They usually document their performance which is promoted by YouTube
since these adrenalin junkies often have millions of views on their videos and
scores of people craving their next video.
• Often the result of this form of behavior is a terrible accident or even death.
Compulsive shopping

• Is an activity which is growing at an unprecedented rate in today’s consumer

society.
• It primarily happens because ingenious marketing techniques constantly
urge consumers to buy certain products.
• Their shopping tendencies often lead to purchasing items that aren’t even
needed.
• Excessive shopping can also be called retail therapy, which is the practice of
shopping in order to make yourself feel more cheerful or less depressed.
• This can lead to being indebted.
 Environment
1., Pollutions

• Air pollution is the contamination of the air by smoke and harmful gases,
mainly oxides of carbon, sulphur, and nitrogen
• It can be caused by exhaust fumes from vehicles, the burning of fossil fuels,
such as oil or gas as well as radiation spills or nuclear accidents
• Moreover, certain industries release sulphur dioxide or carbon monoxide
which mix with the air and clouds and cause acid rain
• Burning plastic, wood and rubber also releases carcinogenic gases into the
atmosphere
• The air we breathe in naturally consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1%
other gases
• If this balance is disturbed, it has a fatal effect on human health
• Air pollution can be responsible for asthma, allergies and other respiratory
diseases

• Water pollution is the contamination of rivers, lakes, groundwater, seas or

oceans
• It is caused by raw sewage running into bodies of water or industrial waste
spills, contaminating groundwater
• We can take certain preventative measures to stop water contamination, like
being more cautious of dumping contaminants into the water

• Land pollution is the degradation of the Earth’s surface caused by the misuse
of resources and improper disposal of waste
• It can be the result of litter on the side of the road or illegal dumping in natural
habitats

• Soil pollution comes from the use of pesticides and other farming chemicals
• In most soil, pollutants are carcinogenic and can cause cancer in humans
• It can also hamper brain development in children, cause neurological
disorders, skin diseases, and central nervous system disorders
• Human can also be affected indirectly if they consume produce that is grown
in polluted soil or when they consume animals that eat plants from polluted
soil
• As a result, humans suffer from acute illnesses and may fall victim to
premature death
 Transport

• Public transport
• Reducing traffic congestions and the overall level of pollution
• Easing congestion
• Reducing the overall environmental greenhouse gas emission
• Can reduce the need for fossil fuels and the depletion (kimerülés) of natural
resources
• Offering quicker travel, since they have dedicated travel routes
• Relax
• Unwind, and reduce stress level
• Save you money
• Having a car requires the costs of fuel, maintenance and other additional
charges such as parking fees, congestion charges and speeding fines
• Car accidents contribute to higher fatality rates
• Have better overall security and fewer cases of crime
• Public transport areas are actually well lit and patrolled by the police to
reduce crime rates and improve security

Social media

• Have revolutionized the way human beings get information and communicate
and interact with each other
• Unhealthy and destructive behaviours
• It nurtures (ápol) and expands (bővít) relationships
• Improving communication and strengthening human connections are the
reasons social media emerged (megjelent)
• Regardless (függetlenül)
• However, the very same attributes that make social media a positive force
make it potentially dangerous
• Anonymity allows for cyberbullying
• Self-esteem issues and insecurities
• Inferiority
• Determine (meghatároz) their self-worth
• Detrimental (káros)
• It is addictive and has the viral nature of content distribution
• Unreliable and false information
• Indiscreet remarks
• Once something’s out there, you can’t take it back
 GMO FOOD

• Could be a solution to the problem of world hunger

• Is usually done to increase the overall food production
• GM crops (növények) have the ability to produce bigger yields (hozam), so it
is easier to harvest more crops on a smaller piece of land with GM crops than
with normal crops
• Are engineered to include additional (kiegészítő) nutrients that may offer
additional health benefits
• Due to the genes added to GM crops, they need much fewer resourches such
as water and other soil nutrients, so they can conserve energy, soil and water
resources
• They improve the soil quality
• GM crops are more resistant to pests and weeds
• Farmers have to apply fewer pesticides or herbicides to their crops, which
increases the health benefits of the food
• We do not have a clear picture of the long-term consequences of consuming
GM food
• Can incorporate foreign genetic material from viruses to bacteria into crops,
with unpredictable consequences
• It may end up affecting the composition of the animal protein that may
negatively affect human health
• The additives (adalék) may also find their way into weeds (gyom)
• This may create resistant weeds that refuse to go away
• The modified genes in the food may sometimes affect the original taste of the
food

Noise pollution

• Takes place when there is either excessive amount of noise or an unpleasant

sound that causes temporary disruption in the natural balance
• Industrialization is the main reason
• Noise is also at its peak (csúcspontján) in most social events
• Far-reaching consequences
• Constant exposure (kitettség) to loud levels of noise
• Can impede communication

Overusing technology

• Constantly being plugged in and connected can have negative

psychological effects, such as disrupted sleep habits
• A lot of people are obsessed with online activities that keep them up too late
because the constant stream of information can make it difficult to turn off the
brain
• The glow from screens can affect the release of melatonin, the sleep chemical
• Keeping the technology out of the bedroom would be a very healthy habit to
acquire
• Can also create the perfect recipe for depression with the lack of human
contact and exercise
• There is also the constant stream of violent scenes on video games, which
can cause people to become indifferent to destruction of any kind and lose
empathy
• That can be the reason why teenage aggression is on the rise and why there
is an increase in bullying and cyber-bullying
• As an escape from real life
• Mental and emotional disturbances, such as anxiety, phobias and delusions
• Addicted to it
• When their phones are taken away addicted people can continuously reach
for phones that are not there and become fidgety and restless
• These are some of the same withdrawal symptoms people experience from
doing drugs
• Overusing technology also entails (magába foglal) developmental issues in
children who are using more technology now then they have ever used in the
past
• There is no way to know what long-term effect the overuse of technology will
have on children because this is the first generation to have unlimited
access

Climate change

• Global temperature rise

• Warming oceans
• Shrinking ice sheets
• Decreasing snow cover
• Declining Arctic Sea ice
• Sea level rise
• Extreme weather events
• Increasing carbon dioxide and other human–made emissions in the
atmosphere
• A stronger greenhouse effect is warming the oceans and partially melting
glaciers and other ice, which leads to increasing sea levels
• Due to rising sea levels, large coastal areas are becoming submerged
• Higher temperatures and shifting climate patterns may also change the areas
where crops grow best and affect the makeup of natural plant communities
• It can lead to crop failure and malnutrition
• Climate change can also be responsible for extreme weather conditions and
natural disasters such as floods, tsunamis, droughts or hurricanes

Lifestyle-related problems

• Sedentary lifestyle involves very little or no physical exercise

• As a result of an increase in office jobs that involve sitting, as well as an
increase in screen time while off the job
• Higher risk of..
• Also appears to have a negative impact on mental well-being since it can
increase the risk of depression
• Obesity which in most cases is a direct consequence of a sedentary lifestyle
• Having too many overweight people puts an enormous financial burden
(teher)on the health system, through rising costs for medication, doctors and
hospitals
• Obesity cannot be treated with medication and exercise alone
• Reduce the intake of processed food
• The paradox of modern social life is that the more ways technology
helps people to stay connected, the more disconnected and lonely
people may become
• They substitute (pótlék)real social interactions with electronic devices and
spend their time staring at a screen and hitting the like button, desperately
hoping that others will respond
• However, it seems that social media is a poor substitute for a traditional social
life
• Feeling isolated or rejected can seriously damage our health
• Not only can it contribute to depression, anxiety and suicide, but loneliness
can also lead to high blood pressure, obesity, stroke and even death

Healthy and unhealthy lifestyles

• Diet is the greatest factor in lifestyle and has a direct and positive relation with
health
• Urban lifestyle leads to bad nutrition, like eating fast food and convenience
food, which can contribute to the development of high blood pressure, type
2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases
• Balanced diet means cutting down on foods that are high in saturated fat
and sugar, and eating plenty of fruit and vegetables
• Regular exercise helps prevent or manage a wide range of health problems
including stroke, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, depression and cancer
• Physical activity stimulates various brain chemicals that may leave you feeling
happier and more relaxed
• Feeling better about your appearance and yourself due to regular exercise
can boost self-confidence and improve self-esteem
• Sleep is an important indicator of overall health and well-being
• Sleep disorders, such as insomnia or sleep deprivation have several social,
psychological and health consequences
• Advanced technology is meant to improve the life of human beings
• Includes avoiding the misuse (rossz kezelés) of technology, such as being
addicted to mobile devices, surfing the net, gaming or social networking sites
• For example, computer use up to midnight may impact on sleep patterns
and overusing mobile phones can lead to symptoms of depression
• Making time for recreation to unwind and enjoy life is another important part
of a healthy lifestyle
• Deep relaxation, like meditation, when practised regularly not only relieves
stress and anxiety, but also improve the immune and cardiovascular system
• It can also decrease blood pressure, relieve pain, and improve the immune
and cardiovascular system
• Laughing decreases pain, may help your heart and lungs, promotes muscle
relaxation and can reduce anxiety
• Life-long learning may also lead to more physical and mental health since it
could slow the process of dementia

Alternative healing methods

• It is based on the use of natural and herbal remedies

• On the idea that health can be restored by bringing the body’s energy back
into balance and harmony
• Treating the whole person, not just the symptoms
• Mind and body are closely connected and encourage people to lead a healthy
life and concentrate on what has actually caused the disease and led to
imbalance
• Preventative and holistic approach and recommends a responsible lifestyle
• Treats patients without overloading them with chemical medications
• Acupuncture, homeopathy, reiki and herbal medicine
• Ease pain, improve body function, and help the body heal itself naturally
• Have not yet been scientifically proved
• Require a longer time to heal a problem
• Requires the patient’s complete dedication, as well as considerable changes
in lifestyle habits, which are all long-term commitments
 Modern technology

• Has created amazing tools and resources and has made possible the
invention of many devices which make our lives easier, better and more fun
• Has changed education, now it is widely believed that visual perception
(felfogás, észlelés) is more important in the learning process-new teaching
strategies have been developed
• Gives students the flexibility of learning at the location they prefer and at the
time they want
• How we do the shopping, pay bills and transfer money
• Many banks are already accessible to people online
• Creative ways of entertainment
• Traditional paperbacks (puha borítós könyvek) and hardcovers
(keménytáblás) are now inching (araszol) towards e-books
• We have access to a great variety of e-books at any given time

Consumer society

• Consumerism fuels trade and boosts economies

• It generates more work opportunities and reduces unemployment
• People in consumer society have a high standard of living because the cost-
of-living declines
• The consumer has the right to choose the product and the quality they want to
buy
• Consumer societies are working one ways to decrease their carbon footprint
• Increased consumption gives people happiness and satisfaction