INTRODUCTION
Art is always evolving. From the moment when prehistoric
artists first began to decorate their caves, painters have
always looked for fresh ways of portraying the world around
them. Sometimes, a solitary genius – a Giotto, a Leonardo,
a Picasso – leads the way into uncharted artistic territory.
At other times, groups of like-minded painters explore a
new style or idea, creating an entire artistic movement.
This book traces the full development of the most
significant movements, from the earliest sources of
inspiration to a supreme masterpiece that is the crowning
glory. Beginning with a crucial Turning Point – a painting that
shaped the course of the movement or epitomized many
of its most distinctive features – a variety of other influences
are explored, from a chemist who concocts a brand new
pigment, to an archaeologist who unearths a forgotten
treasure, or a patron who challenges existing conventions.
In a broader sense, social and political events were also
influential. The French Revolution inspired both Neoclassical
and Romantic painters; the invention of printing increased
the flow of ideas during the Renaissance; and the growth
of the railways enabled travel to new locations and
transformed the way that the Impressionists worked.
The pace of change differed sharply from one era to the
next. Some aspects of Egyptian art remained unaltered for
centuries, while the last few years before World War I were
marked by feverish artistic activity. This richly illustrated guide
encapsulates each movement, taking the reader on an
exhilarating journey through the history of art from its earliest
manifestations to the present day.