INDEX
S.NO CONTENTS PG.NO
1) Definition of magnetic flux 2
2) Formula and SI unit for magnetic flux 2-3
3) Factors affecting magnetic flux 3-4
4) Magnetic flux density 4-5
5) magnetic flux in a uniform magnetic field 6
6) Applications of magnetic flux 6-7
7) Magnetic flux in electromagnetic devices 8
8) Magnetic flux (VS) Magnetic field 9-10
9) When magnetic flux is maximum and 11
minimum
10) Summery and conclusion 12
11) Bibliography 13
pg. 1
1) Definition of magnetic flux:
Magnetic flux, in essence, measures the amount of magnetic
field passing through a given area. It's the total number of
magnetic field lines that intersect a surface. Think of it as the
magnetic field "strength" in a particular area.
2) Formula and SI unit for magnetic flux:
Formula:
Φ = BA cos θ
The formula calculates the magnetic flux by considering the
pg. 2
magnetic field strength (B), the area (A), and the angle (θ)
between the magnetic field and the normal vector of the
area.
SI Unit:
Weber (Wb)
The SI unit for magnetic flux is the Weber (Wb), derived from
Tesla (T) for magnetic field and meter squared (m²) for area.
3) Factors affecting magnetic flux:
Magnetic flux through a surface is affected by the area of the
surface, the strength of the magnetic field, and the angle
between the surface and the magnetic field.
pg. 3
Area of the surface:
A larger surface area will have more magnetic
field lines passing through it, thus increasing the magnetic
flux.
Strength of the magnetic field:
A stronger magnetic field means more magnetic field lines
are present, leading to a higher flux.
Angle between the surface and the magnetic field:
The angle between the surface and the magnetic field
determines how many field lines effectively pass through the
surface.
4) Magnetic flux density:
Definition:
Magnetic flux density (B) is the magnetic flux (Φ) divided by
the area (A) it passes through: B = Φ/A.
pg. 4
Relationship to Magnetic Field:
Magnetic flux density is a measure of the intensity of a
magnetic field.
Units:
Tesla (T): The SI unit for magnetic flux density.
Gauss (G): A CGS unit, where 1 T = 10^4 G.
Importance:
It's crucial for understanding magnetic forces and
interactions, particularly in applications like motors and
transformers.
Calculation:
The magnetic flux through a given area can be calculated by
multiplying the magnetic flux density by the area: Φ = B * A.
pg. 5
5) Magnetic flux in a uniform magnetic field:
A uniform magnetic field has the same magnitude and
direction at all points in a given region.In a uniform magnetic
field, the magnetic flux through a surface is calculated by the
product of the magnetic field strength, the area of the
surface, and the cosine of the angle between the magnetic
field and the normal vector of the surface. This can be
expressed as ΦB = B ⋅ A ⋅ cos(θ), where ΦB is the magnetic
flux, B is the magnetic field strength, A is the area, and θ is
the angle.
6) Applications of magnetic flux:
One common use of magnetic flux is in the operation of
electric generators. In generators, magnetic flux is essential
for inducing electrical currents in conductors, which then
produce electricity. This process is fundamental in power
generation systems used in homes, industries, and power
plants worldwide.
pg. 6
Examples of magnetic flux in everyday life:
The microphone where it turns sound into an
electrical signal.
Inspecting pipelines and storage tanks in the oil &
gas industry.
HVAC Systems.
Energy Generation and Conversion.
pg. 7
7) Magnetic flux in electromagnetic devices:
Electromagnetic Devices:
Generators: Utilize the principle of
electromagnetic induction to convert mechanical
energy into electrical energy by rotating coils in a
magnetic field, causing the magnetic flux through the
coils to change and induce a voltage.
Motors: Employ the interaction between magnetic
fields and current-carrying coils to produce torque,
enabling rotational motion. The magnetic flux through
the coils is crucial in determining the strength of the
magnetic field and the resulting force.
Solenoids: Use electric current through a coil to
create a magnetic field, which can then be used to
exert force on a core, like an iron rod, for applications
like opening/closing valves or actuating switches.
pg. 8
8) Magnetic flux (VS) Electric field:
Electric field:
Definition:
Electric flux is the measure of the electric field's "flow" through a
surface. It represents the total number of electric field lines passing
through that surface.
Source:
Electric fields are created by both stationary and moving electric
charges.
SI Unit:
Voltmeter.
Relationship to Electric Field:
Electric flux is directly related to the strength of the electric field and
the area through which it flows.
Application:
Electric flux is a key concept in Gauss's Law, which relates the total
electric flux through a closed surface to the enclosed electric charge.
pg. 9
Magnetic Flux:
Definition:
The total magnetic field passing through a given surface.
Scalar Quantity:
It has magnitude but no direction.
Visualization: Can be thought of as the "number of magnetic field
lines" passing through the surface.
Units:
The SI unit is Weber (Wb), which is equivalent to Tesla multiplied by
square meters (T·m²).
Relationship to Magnetic Field:
The magnetic flux is calculated by integrating the magnetic field
strength (or magnetic flux density) over the surface area.
pg. 10
9) When magnetic flux is maximum and minimum:
Maximum Flux:
The magnetic flux is given by the formula Φ = BAcos(θ), where B is
the magnetic field strength, A is the area, and θ is the angle between
the magnetic field and the normal to the surface. When θ = 0°
(magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface), cos(0°) = 1, and the
flux is maximized to BA.
Minimum Flux:
When θ = 90° (magnetic field is parallel to the surface), cos(90°) = 0,
and the flux is zero.
pg. 11
10) Summary and conclusion:
Magnetic flux is a measure of the total magnetic field (B) passing
through a given surface area (A), calculated using the formula
Φ=B⋅A⋅cos(θ), where θ is the angle between the magnetic field and
the normal to the surface. Its SI unit is the Weber (Wb), and it's
influenced by the field strength, area, and orientation of the surface.
Magnetic flux density (B), measured in Tesla (T), is the flux per unit
area. In a uniform magnetic field, flux is easily determined and
reaches its maximum when the field is perpendicular to the surface
(θ = 0°) and zero when parallel (θ = 90°). Magnetic flux is essential in
electromagnetic devices such as transformers, motors, and
generators, where changing flux induces electromotive force (EMF).
While the magnetic field is a vector quantity describing field strength
and direction, magnetic flux is scalar and measures the total field
through a surface. Understanding magnetic flux is crucial in designing
and operating modern electrical and magnetic systems.
pg. 12
11) Bibliography:
Chat GPT [openAI]
Braily.com
Byjus.com
Wikipedia.com
Vedhanthu.com
Microsoftedge.com
safari
pg. 13
