B. Se.
qenenad
Qualitative Inorganic Analysis
Radicals present in the syllabus:
2. 3
AcidRadical :d, Br,I,NO,, S0,, s°, BO,, PO, H,BO,
Basic Radical:Nax',casrBa,c,Mn' FeNiCu, NH
1. Dry Test for Basic Radical
SI No. Experimaent Observation Inference
A. Dry Test Tube iBlackning of the sample takes place i)Cu,Mn,Co, Ni salt
Heating i) Brown to blackning when hot & i) Fe,0, or Fe-salt
brown when cold
tii) Original white colour does not i) Al,Ba, Ca,Sr salt
change on heating.
iv) Swells on heating iv) Borax
v) White sublimate on the cooler part of v) NH,' salt
the test tube
Soda Lime Test:
Ifa white sublimate is obtained , heat the sample with Na,CO,(1 :4 )
Pungent smell of ammonia is observed.
NH, salt is present:
B. Flame Test i)Golden yellowflame &colourless i)Na-salt
through double blue glass
ii) Violet flame &crimson red through |i)K-salt
double blue glass
|ii) Brick red flame |ii)Ca-salt
iv) Crimson rd flame iv) Sr-salt
v) Apple green flame v) Ba-salt
vi) Bluish green flame vi) Cu-salt, Bo,
C. Borax Bead Oxidizing Flame Reducing Flame
Test
ilGreen whenhot )Colourless when i)Cu-salt
&blue when cold | hot &opaque red
when cold
i) Fe-salt
, Dept. of Chemistry
dil
ii) Yellowish brown ii) Green when hot
when hot &yellow& cold
when cold
iii) Yellow when in) Green when hotii) Cr-salt
Bora Bead | hot &green when & cold
cold
Test
iv) Violet when hot iv)
& cold Colourless iv) Mn-salt
when hot &cold v) Ni-salt
v) Brown when hot v) Grey when hot
& cold & cold
D. Fusion Test i)Ayellow mass is obtained which is i)Cr-salt
dissolved in minimum quantity of
Sample + distilled water and acidified with
acetic
Na,CO, +1 or 2 acid &then lead acetate
beads of NaOH added-a yellow ppt. is solution is
+alittle KNO, obtained.
+ heated to ii) A
green mass is obtained which is
fusion on a
ii) Mn-salt
dissolved in minimum quantity of
mica foil distilled water and acidified with dilute
HNO,- a pink colour is obtained.
Nei Test for Basic Radicals with HCl and HN0, extract
E. Preparation of
HCI extract: i) The first part is made ammoniacal i)Ni- salt
Sample is with NH,OH and then DMG is added.
heated with A
röse-red ppt. is formed.
dil. HCI and if
necessary i) Thesecond part is made ammoniacalii) Cu- sat
filter. with NH,0H, acidifiedwith acetic acid
It is divided and then K4(Fe(CN)] solution is added.
into 2parts.
F. Preparation of
i) The first part is cooled and a pinch of i)Mn-salt
HNO,extract:
Sample is NaBiO, is added.
heated with The solution turns pink.
D'ept. of Chemistry
ch examinee.
to time.
dil. HNO; and
if necessary
ii)The second part is diluted and ii) Fe- salt
filter. K4[Fe(CN)6] is added.
Itis divided Deep blue ppt. is observed.
into 2parts.
2. Dry Test for Acid Radical
G.
Sample +il. i)Reddish brown fumes evolves i) May be NO,
H,SO, +heat i)H,S gasevolves with smellof rotten i) May be S
eggs turning lead acetate paper black
Maybe s
H. Sample +dil. H,S gasevolves with smellof rotten
H,SO4 +Zn eggs turning lead acetate paper black
dust + heat
white i)May be CI
Sample + conc. i)A gas is evolved which forms
with
H,SO, + heat fumes.when a glass rod moistened
of the
NH,OH is placed at the mouth
test tube
evolved ii) May be NO;,Br
ii) Reddish brown gas is ii) May be I
ii) Violet vapour is evolved
J. Sample+ conc.
Reddish brown gas is evolved
May be NO,,Br Ng
H,SO, + Cu
turnings + heat
K. Sample +conc.
observed BO" present and
H,SO,+ Methyl Agreen edged flame is confirmed.
Alcohol +heat
- ignitethe
evolved gas
L. Sample + observed H3BO, present and
green edged flame is
A
Methyl confirmed.
Alcohol + heat
- ignite the
evolved gas
M. Sample +HNO, May be PO
formed
+ Ammonium canary yellow ppt. is
A
Molbdate
Dept. of Chemistry3
(keep
sheet
distribution
sample
examinee.
in the each
to
c u n n l i e d
ha
for Acid Radical.
3. WetTest extract :
Na,C0, in 50 ml of
times its weight of
Na,CO, and
PrYeparation.of.
sample with about 4 minutes. Filter
the solution
ootthe
Boil aboutigofi
conical flask for
at least 20
a 100 ml
distilled väter in extract. aqueous extract.
filtrate is known as Na,CO, then prepare an
the completely soluble
in water.
If the sample is
So, presentand
Na,COjextract which is
N
unitilAwhiteppt.
is obtained confirmed.
+ dil. HCl insoluble in conc.
HNO,
acidic, boitoff
CO, +B¡cl, i)C present and
dissolves in
solution readily
|i)A curdy whiteppt. confirmed.
Na,CO, extract present and
NH,OH excess ii) Br
+dil. HN0, dissolves in
yellow ppt. confirmed.
untilacidic + i) Alight present and
dissolve in ii) l'
of strong NH,OH
boil off Co,+ ppt. does not confirmed.
yellowish
ii) A
AgNO,
NH,OH
s present and
Na,CO, extract obtained
P coloration is confirmed.
Violet
+fewdrops of
sodium
nitroprusside
solution
Aqueous NO, present and
extract +2
Red coloration is obtained confirmed.
drops of
sulphanilic
acid + 2 drops
of a-napthyl
amine PO, present and
HNO,extract +
R. confirmed.
formed
Ammonium ppt. is
canary yellow
A
Molbdate.
Warm if
necessary.
Basic Radical
4. Wet Test for
Dept. of C h e m i s t r y 4 . .
