CONTENTS

UNIT I
FOUNDATIONS OFSOFTWARE TESTING
1.1 What is software Testing?.
1.2 Why Should We Test?... 1.1
1.3 Why do we need software .1.13
testing?..
1.4 Black box testing .! 1.16
1.5 White box testing.. .... 1.17
1.6 The Software Testing Life Cycle ..... 1.20
1.7 V-Model A. (STLC).... 1.25
1.8 Programn Correctness and Verification. 1.30
1.8.1 Correctness: ADefinition 1.32
1.8.2 Correctness: Propositions 1.34
1.8.3 Verification. ......137
1.9 Reliability Testing. 1.41
1.10 Basic Definitions .1.50
1.11 Software Testing Principles...*...... 1.54
1.12 Origins of Defects.. 1.58
1.13 Defect Classes, the Defect Repository 1.63
and Test Design, 1.64
1.13.1 Requirements and Specification Defects
1.13.2 Design Defects ....1.66

1.13.3 Coding Defects.. 1.67

1.68
1.13.4 Testing Defects..
1.14 Developer/Tester Support for Developing a ...1.69
Defect Repository. . . 1.74
1.15 Stages of Testing ....:.
1.85
Two Marks Question and Answers
1.88
UNIT II TEST PLANNING
2.1 The Goal of Test Planning ...
2.2 .. 2.1
High-Level Expectations ...A. .2.2
2.3
Inter-Group Responsibilities. . . 2.4
2.4 Test Phases....k.
2.5 ...2.6
Test Strategy . . . . . . .....2.6
2.6 Resource Requirements ..2.7
2.7 Tester Assignments ....... ....2.7
vtt
 ... 2.8
2.8 Test Schedule
.210
2.9 Test Cases .2.10
Planning
2.9.1 The Goals of Test Case
...

..2.11
Overview
2.9.2 Test Case Planning .2.13
2.9.3 Test Cases.. ....2.15
2.9.4 Test Procedures
...2.16
2.9.5Test Case Organization and Tracking
2.10 Bug Report2.18 2.18
Management Process in Software Testing (Bug Report) ....
2.10.1 Defect ... 2.25
2.10.2 Bug Report .2.28
2.10.3 A Bug's Life Cycle.....
Types and Example. .....2.31
2.11 Software Testing Metrics, its
.2.43
Two Marks Question and Answers
UNIT II TEST DESIGN AND EXECUTION
3.1 Test Objective Identification .. 3.1
3.1.1. Objectives of Testing .. ....3.1
3.2 Test Objective Identification .3.3
3.3 Test Design Factors..s... .3.5
3.4 Requirement Identification . 3.7
3.4.1 Purpos-and Prioritization of Requirement Analysis. ....3.8
3.4.2 Requirement Analysis in Software Development Life Cycle ........3.8
3.4.3 Importance of Requirement Analysis in SDLC 3.9
3.4.4 Structure of Software Requirement .3.9
3A.5 Assumptions of Requirement Analysis 3.11
3.4.6 Stakeholders Involved in Requirement
Analysis ...3.12
3.4.7 Significance of Communication in Requirement
3.5 Testable Requiremnents.
Analysis........3.14
.. 3.14
3.5.1 Five Techniques for Creating Testable
3.6 Modelling a Test Design Process. Requirements .. .s.....3.15
....3.17
3.6.1 Basics of Test Case Design
Techniques ...... 3.18
3.6.2 Types of Test Case Design Techniques
....3.18
3.7 Modelling Test Results
3.8 ..3.20
Equivalence Class Testing . 3.21
3.9 Equivalence Partitioning (EP)
..3.25
vii
 3.10 State Transition
3.11 Exploratory Testing. .3.26
3.30
3.12 Boundary value analysis
3.13 Decision Table Testing. .3.35
3.14 Use Case Testing .3.40
.3.41
3.15 Path Testing
.3.42
3.16 Data flow Testing..
3.49
3.17 Test Design Preparedness Metrics
. .3.58
3.18 Test Case Design Efectiveness
.3.59
3.19 Model Driven Test Design (MDTD) ... ...3.61
3.20 Test Procedures
3.64
3.20.1 Types of Testing 3.65
3.20.2 What are Software Testing Proedures? .3.76
3.20.3 Test Procedure/Script Speçification. .3.76
3.20.4 Format for Test Procedure / Script Specification: ...3.77
3.21 Test Case Organization and Tracking .3.78
3.21.1 Components of a test case ...3.78
3.16.2 How to writeeffective test cases? ...X .3.79
3.21.2 Different types of test cases .3.81
3.21.3 What is the role of test case management? .3.82
3.21.4 Test case management methodologies .3.83
3.21.5 Why is Test Case Management Important 3.84
3.21.6 Levels of testing and test case management .3.85
3.21.7 Challenges in test case management 3.86
3.22 Bug Reporting. 3.87
3.22.1 Benefits of a Good Software Bug Report. . . . 3.88
3.89
3.22.2 How to Report a Bug?
... 3.89
3.22.3 How to Write a Bug Report?.
3.22.4 Bug Report Checklist ....3.91
3.22.5 Challenges faced during bug reporting. 3.92
.3.93
3.22.6 Bug Life Cycle
3.96
Two Marks Question and Answers
... 3.100
Part B and C Questions.
 ADVANCED TESTING CONCEPTS
UNIT IV
.4.1
4.1 Performance Testing
...4.15
4.2 Load Testing... 5.3
.4.23
4.3 Stress Testing
.4.32
4.4 Volume Testing
....4.38
4.5 Fail Over Testing ..
..4.41
4.6 Recovery Testing
4.46 5.
4.7 Configuration Testiny
..4.53
4.8 Compatibility Testing
....4.63
4.9 Usability Testing
4.10 Testing Documentation ...4.74
4.11 Test Environments
.4.96
4.12 Entry and Exit criteria .4.97
4.13 Security Testing ...4.110
4.14 Testing in the Agile Environment, . .4.123
4.15 Testing Web and Mobile Applications- . . .4.134
4.16 Difference between Mobile App Testing and Web App Testing......139
TwoMarks Question and Answers ...4.141

Part B Questions .4.146

UNIT V ADVANCED TESTING CONCEPTS
5.1 What is Software Test Automation?. 5.1
5.1.1 Automation Testing LifeCycle "..... 5.2

5.1.2 Manual Testing VS Automated Testing 5.3

5.1.3 What is The Purpose of 5.4
Automation Testing? .....
5.14 What Kinds of Tests Should be 5.4
Automated?
5.1.5 Automation testing types 5.5
5.1.6 Automation testing
5.1.7
process . 5.8
Automationtesting tools 5.11
5.1.8 Automation testing frameworks 5.16
5.2 Automate Testing of Web Applications 5.17
5.2.1 What is Web
Application
5.2.2 Steps for Automate TestingAutomated Testing? 5.18

of Web Applications . . 5.18

5.2.3 Benefits of Web
Application Automated Testing 5.20
 ....4.1 5.2.4 Web Application Automated Testing Types 5.20
5.2.5 Web API Testing Tools
...4.15 .5.25
.4.23 5.3 Selenium .5.28
5.3.1 What is Selenium?
-..4.32 .5.28
-..4.38 5.3.2 Key features of selenium 5.29
5.3.3 Selenium Tool Suite 5.30
-..4.41
5.3.4 Selenium Limitations ... 5.33
..4.46
..4.53 ntroducing Web Driver and Web Elements 5.34
5.4.1 Web drivers 5.34
..4.63
5.4.1.1 What is Selenium Web driver? 5.34
..4.74
5.4.1.2. Selenium WebDriver- Architecture. 5.35
..4.96
5.4.1.3 Selenium WebDriver- Features 5.37
..4.97
5.4.1.4 Limitations of Web Driver .5.39
4.110
5.4.1.5 Uses of Web Driver... 5.39
4.123 5.4.2 Web Elements 5.40
4.134 5.4.2.1 Common Web Elements: 5.40
4.139 5.4.2.2. WebDriver Interaction with Web Elements
4.141 5.5 Locating Web Elements 5.415.41
4.146
5.5.1 Importance of Locating Web Elements in Software Testing. .5.41
5.5.2 Common Challenges in Locating Web Elements. .5.42
-... 5.1 5.5.3 Techniques for Locating Web Elements 5.43
5.5.4 Using XPath for Web Element Location 5.44
C... 5.2
. . 5.3
5.5.5 Locating Web Elements Using CSS Selectors 5.45
5.5.6 Best Practices for Locating Web Elements 5.46
... 5.4

... 5.4
5.5.7 Examples of Web Element Location in Testing Scenarios 5.47
5.6 Actions on Web Elements 5.47
...5.5
5.6.1 Importance of Performing Actions on Web Elements .5.47
-..5.8
5.6.2 Common Actions on Web Elements in Software Testing ...... 5.48
..5.11
5.6.3 Automation of Web Element Actions 5.49
..5.16
5.7 Different Web Drivers 5.50
. .5.17
5.8 Understanding Web Driver Events in software testing ..J.-. 5.53
..5.18
5.9 Understanding Texting .xml 5.54
. . 5 . 1 8

5.10 Adding Classes .. 5.55

. 5.20
5.10.1 Test Classes. ...5.55
xi
 S.10.2 Page Object Classes .5.55
5.10.3 Utility Classes: .5.56
5.10.4 Configuration Classes ..... 5.57
5.10.5 Data Classes ....5.57
5.10.6 Listener Classes... .5.57
5.11 Packages .5.58
5.11.1 Test Package 5.58
5.11.2 Page Object Package ...5.58
5.11.3 Utility Package ... 5.59
5.11.4 Configuration Package .5.59
5.11.5 Data Package... .5.60
5.11.6 Listener Package .5.60
5.12 Methods to Test. 5.60
5.12.1 Unit Testing. .5.61
5.12.2 Integration Testing.. 5.61
5.12.3 Functional Testing 5.62
5.12.4 Non-Functional Testing
5.62
5.12.5 Regression Testing
5.62
5.12.6 Performance Testing
5.12.7 Usability Testing 5.62
5.12.8 Acceptance Testing. 5.63
5.12.9 Exploratory Testing 5.63
5.12.10Static Testing..
5.13 Test Reports
5.63
5.63
Two Marks
Question and Answer 5.64
Part BQuestions
5.73
University Solved Question 5.76
Paper