English:

Q1.

Being located in part of the Eastern Himalayan ranges, Arunachal Pradesh is the most picturesque
tourist destination of India. With its numerous turbulent streams, roaring rivers, deep gorges, lofty
mountains, snow-clad peaks, thousands of species of flora and fauna and an endless variation of
scenic beauty, there is tremendous potential for development of tourism in Arunachal Pradesh;
especially, adventure and eco-tourism. Arunachal has a number of wild life sanctuaries, national
parks and biosphere reserves, its lush green tropical forests teeming with wildlife. Arunachal
Pradesh is also famous for its Buddhist Circuit. Though the state has a high tourism potential, owning
to lack of infrastructure facilities such as, transport, communication, accommodation and other
tourism supported facilities, most part of it remains out-of bound to the tourist.

Arunachal Pradesh is the most picturesque tourist destination of India. Places of tourist attraction in
the state can be broadly classified as, Places of Religious Importance and Archeological/Historical
Sites, Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks, Adventure tourism, Arts and Craft, Fairs & Festivals
Dances.

Malinithan, Tawang, Parsuram Kund are the places of Religious and Historical Importance.
Malinithan, a Pilgrimage center for Hindus is located at Likabali, headquarters of sub-division of
West Siang District. Ruins of a big temple belonging to 14th –15th century. Tawang is famous for the
300-year-old Budhist monastery. Parsuram Kund, another important religious place. On the day of
Makar Sankaranti, thousands of pilgrims take holi dip in the Kund to wash off their sins.

There are eight wild life sanctuaries and two national parks where a variety of wildlife animals and
birds could be sighted. Prominent among them include elephants, tiger, gaur, musk deer, clouded
leopard, red panda, Himalayan black bear, crapped langur, hillock, gibbon, hornbills, peacock,
pheasants, florican, and host of other migratory birds. The State is famed for 50 species of orchids.

Similarly, Meghalaya, located in northeastern India, is a delightful travel destination known for its
spectacular scenery, rich cultural history, and exciting festivals. Travellers from all over the world are
drawn to Meghalaya by its distinctive fusion of natural beauty and cultural diversity, which is
showcased in its stunning hills and living root bridges. Those who go on a Meghalaya tourism visit
are in for an amazing experience.

Meghalaya is a state full of tourism attractions, with its vast hills, valleys, lakes, charming waterfalls,
ominous caves, and sacred forests. Landscapes, misty hills, terraced slopes, tumbling waterfalls, and
meandering rivers will captivate your spirit. The Khasi, Pnar, and Garo tribes make up the majority of
the local population, and they are all very welcoming. Because English is the state’s official language,
visitors from other countries should not worry. Adventure seekers can take on the challenge of
trekking across Meghalaya’s challenging terrains, friends and families can unwind in the lap of
nature in cities like Shillong, and enjoy a nature getaway.

Some of the best places to visit in Meghalaya are Shillong, Tura, Jowai, Cherrapunji, Nongpoh, and
Baghmara. More specifically, destinations for tourism in Meghalaya that are well worth seeing are
Wards Lake, Lady Hydari Park, Sweet Falls, the Butterfly Museum, Nohkalikai Falls, Mawsmai Cave,
Thangkarang Park, Eco Park, Khoh Ramhah, and Green Rock Ranch. When you get back home, you’ll
be happy with your bag of memories-making adventures and the beautiful handicrafts made
by the people of this state. This breathtakingly gorgeous, verdant, and vibrant state is ideal for
vacations and may be fully enjoyed by anyone.

Q2.

Sinking Sunderbans

Farmer carrying sack during rainy season

dry field with natural texture of cracked clay. Soil drought...

People of Delhi queue for taking water

Short Note:
Forest Fire

Short Note:

Since the middle of the twentieth century, India has witnessed a rise in average temperature; a
decrease in monsoon precipitation; a rise in extreme temperature and rainfall events,
droughts, and sea levels; and an increase in the intensity of severe cyclones, alongside other
changes in the monsoon system. There is compelling scientific evidence that human activities
have influenced these changes in regional climate.

Human-induced climate change is expected to continue apace during the twenty-first century.
To improve the accuracy of future climate projections, particularly in the context of regional
forecasts, it is essential to develop strategic approaches for improving the knowledge of Earth
system processes, and to continue enhancing observation systems and climate models.

3. First Flight – Poems Poetic Device

Fire and Ice: Poetic Device

Here are some poetic devices used in Robert Frost’s poem “Fire and Ice,” along with
examples:

1. Alliteration - The repetition of initial consonant sounds in words that are close together.

Example: “Some say the world will end in fire, / Some say in ice.”

2. Metaphor - A comparison between two unlike things without using “like” or “as.”

Example: “Fire” and “ice” are used as metaphors for desire and hate, respectively.

3. Anaphora - The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or

4. Personification - Attributing human characteristics to non-human things or abstract ideas.

Example: “From what I’ve tasted of desire” suggests that desire is something that can be
tasted, which is a human sense.

5. Paradox - A statement that appears to be contradictory but may hold a deeper truth.

Example: The idea that the world could end in two opposing elements, fire and ice, is
paradoxical.

6. Enjambment - The continuation of a sentence or phrase from one line to the next without
any punctuation.

Example: “But if it had to perish twice, / I think I know enough of hate”

7. Consonance - The repetition of consonant sounds within words, especially at the end of
words.

Example: “ice” and “twice” share the “c” sound, while “great” and “hate” share the “t”
sound.

8. Rhyme - The repetition of similar sounds at the end of words, often used in a pattern.

Example: “fire” and “desire” rhyme, as do “ice” and “twice,” “hate” and “great,” and “ice”
and “suffice.”

Dust of Snow: Poetic Device

Robert Frost’s poem “Dust of Snow” employs several poetic devices that enhance its
meaning and emotional impact. Here are some of the key devices used:

1. Imagery - Imagery involves using descriptive language to create visual pictures in the
reader’s mind. In this poem, Frost uses imagery to describe the scene vividly:

Example: “The way a crow / Shook down on me / The dust of snow / From a hemlock
tree” creates a clear visual of a crow shaking snow off a tree onto the speaker.

2. Symbolism - Symbolism is the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities. In this poem:

Example: The “crow” and “hemlock tree” are often associated with negative connotations
(crows with bad omens and hemlock with poison). However, in this context, they bring about
a positive change, symbolizing unexpected sources of joy or transformation.

“Dust of snow” symbolizes a small, seemingly insignificant event that has a profound impact
on the speaker’s mood.
3. Alliteration - Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words. It
adds a musical quality to the poem:

Example: “Shook down on me / The dust of snow” – the repetition of the ‘s’ sound creates a
soft, soothing effect.

4. Assonance - Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds within words. It contributes to the
poem’s rhythm and mood:

Example: “Has given my heart / A change of mood” – the repetition of the ‘a’ sound in “has,”
“heart,” and “change” creates a harmonious effect.

5. Rhyme Scheme - The poem follows a simple ABAB rhyme scheme, which gives it a
rhythmic and structured flow:

Example: “The way a crow (A) / Shook down on me (B) / The dust of snow (A) / From a
hemlock tree (B).”

6. Enjambment - Enjambment is the continuation of a sentence or clause across a line break.

Example: “The way a crow / Shook down on me / The dust of snow” – the thought continues
across multiple lines, creating a seamless flow.

7. Contrast - The poem contrasts the initial negative mood with the positive change brought
about by the simple act of snow falling:

Example: “Has given my heart / A change of mood / And saved some part / Of a day I had
rued.” The contrast between the speaker’s initial regret and the subsequent upliftment
highlights the transformative power of small moments.

8. Metaphor - While not overtly present, the entire poem can be seen as a metaphor for how
small, seemingly insignificant events can have a significant impact on our lives.

Amanda: Poetic Device

1.Imagery - Imagery involves using descriptive language to create vivid pictures in the
reader’s mind. The poem is rich in imagery, especially in Amanda’s imaginative escapades.

Example: “There is a languid, emerald sea, where the sole inhabitant is me— a mermaid,
drifting blissfully.”

“I am an orphan, roaming the street. I pattern soft dust with my hushed, bare feet.”

2. Metaphor - A metaphor is a figure of speech that directly compares two unlike things
without using “like” or “as.”

Example: “I am Rapunzel, I have not a care; life in a tower is tranquil and rare.”
3. Alliteration - Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words
that are close to each other.

Example: “Stop that slouching and sit up straight, Amanda!” (repetition of the ‘s’ sound)

“I pattern soft dust with my hushed, bare feet.” (repetition of the ‘s’ sound)

4. Repetition - Repetition involves repeating words or phrases to emphasize a point or theme.

Example: The name “Amanda” is repeated throughout the poem to emphasize the constant
nagging she experiences.

“Don’t” is repeated in the first stanza to highlight the series of commands given to Amanda.

5. Enjambment - Enjambment occurs when a sentence or phrase runs over from one line to
the next without a terminal punctuation mark.

Example: “There is a languid, emerald sea, where the sole inhabitant is me— a mermaid,
drifting blissfully.”

6. Contrast - Contrast is used to highlight differences between two elements. In this poem,
there is a stark contrast between Amanda’s real life and her imaginative world.

Example: The nagging commands and questions from the authoritative figure contrast
sharply with Amanda’s peaceful and liberating fantasies.

7. Personification - Personification involves giving human characteristics to non-human

Example: “The silence is golden, the freedom is sweet.” (Silence and freedom are given
human-like qualities of being ‘golden’ and ‘sweet.’)

8. Symbolism - Symbolism involves using symbols to represent ideas or qualities.

Example: The “emerald sea” symbolizes tranquility and freedom.

Rapunzel’s tower symbolizes isolation but also a peaceful retreat from the outside world.

9. Irony - Irony involves a contrast between expectation and reality, often highlighting a
discrepancy.

Example: The speaker says, “Anyone would think that I nagged at you, Amanda!” which is
ironic because the entire poem consists of the speaker nagging Amanda.

Benefits of Poetic Device - Poetic devices are tools that a poet can use to create rhythm,
enhance a poem's meaning, or intensify a mood or feeling, or emotional impact. These
devices help piece the poem together, much like a hammer and nails join planks of wood
together.