INSTRUCTIONS

The paper consists of 45 multiple choice questions (MCQs).

For the MCQs, each question has four parts of which there is ONLY ONE
CORRECT answer. Indicate the correct answer with a circle around it

ENDOCRINE GLAND

1. A student is in a car accident, and although not hurt, immediately experiences pupil dilation,
increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. What type of endocrine system stimulus did the student
receive?
a. humoral
b. hormonal
c. neural
d. positive feedback

2. How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?

a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 6

3. Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism?

a. Fractures
b. increased bone deposition
c. convulsions
d. all of the above

4. Cushing’s disease is a disorder caused by ________.

a. abnormally high levels of cortisol
b. abnormally low levels of cortisol
c. abnormally low levels of aldosterone
d. abnormally high levels of aldosterone

5. The production of melatonin is inhibited by ________.

a. exposure to bright light
b. declining levels of light
c. the secretion of serotonin
d. the activity of pinealocytes

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 6. The end result of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is to ________.
a. reduce blood pressure
b. increase blood pressure
c. reduce blood volume
d. increase blood glucose

7. Athletes may take synthetic erythropoietin to boost their ________.

a. blood calcium levels
b. blood oxygen levels
c. secretion of growth hormone
d. muscle mass

8. In the elderly, decreased thyroid function causes ________.

a. increased tolerance for cold
b. decreased basal metabolic rate
c. decreased body fat
d. osteoporosis
9. The ________ gland oversees metabolism and growth, while the ________ oversees immune
responses.
a. Parathyroid, thymus
b. Thyroid, thymus
c. Gonads, thyroid
d. Adrenals, thyroid

10. The following body functions are regulated by glands in the endocrine system, EXCEPT:
a. sexual development and function
b. metabolism and growth
c. immune responses
d. urine production

11. Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus: ________.
a. polydipsia
b. polyuria
c. polyphagia
d. moon face

12. The placenta produces: ________.

a. oestrogen
b. progesterone
c. chorionic gonadotropins
d. all of the above

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 13. Which hormone can cause sterility in male?
a. testosterone
b. prolactin
c. luteinizing hormone
d. Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH)

14. Which of these vitamins is also a hormone?

a. vitamin E
b. vitamin D
c. vitamin A
d. vitamin C

15. Which of the following is referred to as the “master gland?”

a. adrenal gland
b. pituitary gland
c. ovaries
d. pancreas

16. Low levels of thyroid hormone may cause__________.

a. weight loss
b. weight gain
c. hyperactivity
d. early puberty

17. Let-down reflex is caused by __________.

a. prolactin
b. luteinizing hormone
c. oxytocin
d. somatomammotroph

18. Insulin increases all of the following EXCEPT: __________.

a. Protein synthesis
b. triglyceride synthesis
c. gluconeogenesis
d. glycogenesis

19. It is known as love hormone _____________.

a. oxytocin
b. estrogen
c. progestrerone
d. prolactin

20. Hyposecretion of thyroxine in early childhood leads to: _________.

a. cushingʹs disease
b. myxedema
c. cretinism
d. dwarfism

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 21. Within the renal tubule, two hormones play a role in determining the final volume and sodium
concentration of the urine. The hormone _______________ regulates sodium reabsorption, while
________________ regulates water reabsorption.
a. cortisol; atrial natriuretic peptide
b. renin; angiotensin II
c. antidiuretic hormone (ADH); epinephrine
d. aldosterone; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

22. The endocrine gland responsible for the body's circadian rhythm is the _________ gland.
a. parathyroid
b. pituitary
c. thymus
d. pineal

23. This hormone acts on the intestines and causes increased calcium absorption:
a. calcitonin
b. calcitriol
c. thyroxine
d. pancreatic polypeptide

24. A lack of or decrease in insulin hormone receptors on cells can result in:
a. diabetes insipidus
b. type 1 diabetes mellitus
c. type 2 diabetes mellitus
d. juvenile diabetes

25. Where is the anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin manufactured?

a. in the posterior pituitary
b. in neurosecretory cells that originate in the hypothalamus
c. in the anterior pituitary
d. in the brain stem

26. Which of the following is NOT true of aldosterone?

a. secreted from the zona glomerulosa
b. raises blood volume
c. decreases blood Na+ levels
d. stimulated by angiotensin II

27. Alcohol inhibits the secretion of: ____________.

a. prolactin (PRL)
b. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
c. parathyroid hormone (PTH)
d. oxytocin

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28. Which one of the following is NOT an action of the catecholamines: ______
a. increased heart rate
b. dilation of the small passages of the lungs
c. decreased blood pressure
d. increased blood glucose levels

29. Tropic hormones: ______

a. stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones
b. stimulate nervous tissue
c. stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones
d. stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones

30. The hormone responsible for the maturation of white blood cells known as T lymphocytes is: ______
a. aldosterone
b. thyroxine
c. thymosin
d. melatonin

31. Hypersecretion of growth hormone after long bone growth has ended is called:
a. pituitary dwarfism
b. acromegaly
c. gigantism
d. myxedema

32. The target organs for parathyroid hormone are: _______.

a. bone, liver, small intestine
b. kidney, bone, small intestine.
c. kidney, liver, stomach.
d. kidney, bone, liver.

33. Endocrine glands ________.

a. secrete hormones that travel through a duct to the target organs
b. release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft
c. secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream
d. include sebaceous glands and sweat glands

34. Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called ________.

a. autocrine
b. paracrine
c. endocrine
d. neuron

35. Stress stimulates the ________ to produce hormones that ramp up body activity in the fight or-flight
response.
a. pancreas
b. adrenal glands
c. thyroid

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 d. pineal gland

36. Which of the following conditions is caused by excessive thyroid hormone?

a. Graves’ disease
b. cretinism (congenital hypothyroidism)
c. simple goiter
d. myxedema

37. The homone ________ causes the contractions of labor

a. Prolactin
b. estrogen
c. oxytocin
d. Progesterone

38. Somatostatin is secreted by: ____________

a. the pancreatic delta cells
b. the pancreatic polypeptide cells
c. the zona fasciculate
d. the posterior pituitary

39. Which of these is an example of negative feedback?

a. insulin lowers blood sugars
b. growth hormone causes osteoblast division
c. parathyroid hormone raises blood calcium levels
d. low blood sugar inhibits insulin

40. Levels of which hormone are controlled by positive feedback?

a. growth hormone
b. thyroid-stimulating hormone
c. oxytocin
d. insulin

41. Which of these is not an endocrine property?

a. hormones reach targets through the blood
b. effects are slow and cyclic
c. rapid acting effects
d. effects caused by chemicals

42. When blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates________.

a. urinary excretion of calcium by the kidneys
b. reduction in calcium absorption from the intestines
c. the activity of osteoblasts
d. the activity of osteoclasts

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43. Complications of total thyroidectomy are all except _______.
a. hypocalcemia
b. hypercalcemia
c. hoarsness of voice
d. parathyroid loss

44. Insulin increases the entry of glucose into _______.

a. all tissues
b. renal tubular cells
c. mucosa of the small intestine
d. skeletal muscles

45. The function of the placental hormone human placental lactogen (hPL) is to ________.
a. prepare the breasts for lactation
b. nourish the placenta
c. regulate the menstrual cycle
d. all of the above

46. Osteoporosis most likely results from _____.

a. deficiency of dietary calcium
b. increased calcitonin levels
c. increased PTH secretion
d. osteitis fibrosa

47. Estrogens do all of the following EXCEPT: ______

a. stimulate menstruation
b. stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics in females
c. stimulate growth of facial hair
d. prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg

48. Glucocorticoids do all of the following EXCEPT: ______

a. decrease edema
b. suppress inflammation
c. help resist long-term stress
d. regulate salt content of the blood

============================ GOOD LUCK ===========================

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