VARIOUS MECHANICAL SERVICES AT

SKIMS HOSPITAL SOURA AND BEMINA

INTERNSHIP REPORT
By
ADIL SHAFI BABZADA,
Roll No. 200524
ASIF HASSAN LONE,
Roll No. 200533
RIYAZ AHMAD,
Roll No. 200538
KAISAR RASOOL,
Roll No. 200539
FAYZAN AHMAD SHEIKH,
Roll No. 200545
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGYN
SAFAPORA GANDERBAL

AUGUST 2024
 Certificate

This is to certify that students viz; ADIL SHAFI BABZADA (200524), ASIF
HASSAN LONE (200533), RIYAZ AHMAD (200538), KAISAR RASOOL (200539),
FAYZAN AHMAD SHEIKH (200545) attended the Industrial Training during the
period from 20th July 2024 to 20th August 2024 in our Mechanical Division of SKIMS
Soura/JVC Hospital as a Partial Fulfillment of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Mechanical Engineering. They were trained in the field of “various mechanical services”.

Er Kaplaish kumar pandita

Executive Engineer
Mechanical and Hospital Division
SKIMS/JVC Srinagar

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT I

 Declaration

We hereby declare that the Internship Report on SKIMS, Soura is an authentic record of
our own work as requirements of Internship during the period from 20th July 2024 to 20th
August 2024 for the award of degree of B. TECH (Mechanical Engineering),
Government college of Engineering and Technology Safapora Ganderbal, Cluster
university Srinagar.

Name Enrollment No. Signature

ADIL SHAFI BABZADA 200524
ASIF HASSAN LONE 200533
RIYAZ AHMAD 200538
KAISAR RASOOL 200539
FAYZAN AHMAD SHEIKH 200545

Certified that the above statement made by the students is correct to the best of our
knowledge and belief.

HOD

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT II

 Acknowledgement
First and foremost, we wish to express our sincere thanks and gratitude to esteemed
‘staff members of sub division 1, Sub division 2 and sub division 3 ’who have
contributed so much for successful completion of our internship by their thoughtful
reviews and valuable guidance.
Next, we would like to tender our sincere thanks to ‘Executive Engineer, Er Kaplaish
kumar pandita’ for her co-operation and encouragement.

ADIL SHAFI BABZADA

ASIF HASSAN LONE
RIYAZ AHMAD
KAISAR RASOOL
FAYZAN AHMAD SHEIKH

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT III

 About SKIMS Soura

Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura is the largest medical Institute

under State Legislature Act in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It was
established in 1977-1982. SKIMS is the only medical university of J&K which is headed
by a Director who is the Ex-officio Secretary to the Government. Lieutenant Governor
J&K is the chairperson of the SKIMS governing body that performs the role of the
cabinet for the semi-autonomous super-specialty hospital and the deemed university. In
addition to this, the institute comprises of the State Cancer Institute, Maternity Hospital,
Nursing College, Paramedical College, and an affiliated medical college & hospital
which is on the city outskirts at Bemina. This medical and research institution of the
state has 5000+ employees working for it and incorporate more than 50 departments
which include medicine and allied, surgery and allied, and other departments.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT IV

 Abstract

Our internship comprised of one-month industrial training at SKIMS, Soura. There

were multiple sections at SKIMS. Boilers, STP, Incinerator, Oxygen plant, Lifts, Pump
House, Air conditioning to name a few. We worked on all the sections and learned about
their working.
We were involved in a real problem faced in hospitals. There we saw how boilers are
used to provide central heating system in winters to the hospital. In summers, air
conditioning systems are used to provide cooling. Medical gases are provided which
include oxygen storage and distribution and medical suction pumping storage and
distribution. Incinerator is used to burn the waste material. STP is used to treat the
sewage water. Pump House is used to distribute water to all the departments of the
hospital. Different types of lifts are used for the movement of patients and goods. It was
interesting learning experience and it gave us a practical understanding of how hospital
engineering works.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT V

Contents
i. CERTIFICATE……………………………………………………...……………………….i
ii. DECLARATION……………………………………………………………………………ii
iii. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………….………………………iii
iv. ABOUT SKIMS SOURA…………………………………………………………………..iv
v. ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………v
vi. CONTENTS…………………………...……………………………………………………vi
BOILER HOUSE……………………….……………………………………………………………….1
1.BOILER ............................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1. PRINCIPAL OF OPERATION ......................................................................................................1
1.2.EQUIPMENT /TOOLS /MACHINERIES USED IN BOILER HOUSE ...................................... 1
1.2.2PHOTOCELL: ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.2.3N-R VALVE:.................................................................................................................................1
1.2.4 BURNER BLOCK: .....................................................................................................................2
1.2.4WATER TUBE BOILER: .............................................................................................................2
1.2.5CLARIFIER: ................................................................................................................................ 2
1.2.6MIXING TANK: .......................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.7BUTTERFLY VALVE:................................................................................................................. 3
1.2.8HOT WATER HEATING RADIATORS:.....................................................................................4
1.2.8.1BLEED VALVE:........................................................................................................................4
1.2.8.2LOCK SHIELD VALVE: .......................................................................................................... 4
1.2.8.3MANUAL CONTROL VALVE:................................................................................................4
1.3.BOILER MOUNTINGS .................................................................................................................4
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT ............................................................................................................. 6
2.SEWAGE TREATMENT.................................................................................................................. 6
2.1IMPORTANCE ...............................................................................................................................6
2.2.WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROCEDURE ........................................................................... 6
1.2.1PRIMARY TREATMENT ........................................................................................................... 7
1.2.2SECONDARY TREATMENT ..................................................................................................... 7
1.2.3TERTIARY TREATMENT.......................................................................................................... 8
INCINERATION PLANT ....................................................................................................................... 9
3.1.INCINERATION PROCESS ......................................................................................................... 9
3.2. INCINERATION PLANT ...........................................................................................................10
3.2.1.Types of wastes incinerated .......................................................................................................10
3.2.2.Different parts of incineration machine .....................................................................................10
3.2.3.WORKING ................................................................................................................................11
3.3.OBJECTIVES OF INCINERATION ...........................................................................................11
3.4.REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS ....................................................................................... 12
3.5.CHALLENGES AND CONSIDERATIONS .............................................................................. 12

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT VI

PUMP HOUSE…………………………………………………………………………………………..13
4.WATER TREATMENT AND SUPPLY HOUSE .......................................................................... 13
4.1.WATER PUMP HOUSE TYPICALLY INCLUDES ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS ...............13
4.2.JOCKEY SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................16

LIFT……………………………………………………………………………………………………...17
5.1.LETS GO OVER SOME BASIC PARTS OF LIFT. ................................................................... 17
5.2.SAFETY FEATURES BUILT IN .................................................................................................19
OXYGEN PLANT ............................................................................................................................... 20
6.1.PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION: ................................................................................................... 20
6.2.COMPONENT OF OXYGEN PLANT ................................................................................……20
6.2.1.SCREW AIR COMPRESSOR………………………………………………………………..20
6.2.2.AIR TANK……………………………………………………………………………………21
6.2.3AIR DRYER…………………………………………………………………………………...21
6.2.4.AIR FILTER…………………………………………………………………………………..22

FIRE PROTECTION MEASUREMENTS……………………………………………………………24

7.1.FIRE CYLINDER ........................................................................................................................ 24
7.2.HOSE BOX .................................................................................................................................. 24
7.3.HOSE REEL DRUM ....................................................................................................................24
7.4.SPRINKLER SYSTEM ............................................................................................................... 25
7.5.SMOKE DETECTOR .................................................................................................................. 25
7.6.FIRE HOOTER ALARM ............................................................................................................. 26
7.7.HYDRANT VALVE..................................................................................................................... 26
7.8.BUTTERFLY VALVE.................................................................................................................. 27
7.9.FOURWAY VALVE:...................................................................................................................27

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT VII

 BOILER HOUSE
1.BOILER

. Boiler is a Vessel that heats water to become hot water or steam. Steam is used to
transferheat to a process.

. A boiler is a closed vessel which is used to heat liquid usually water to generate vapor or
steam under pressure for external use by combustion of fossil fuels.

1.1. PRINCIPAL OF OPERATION

. The boiler is essentially a closed vessel inside which water is stored. Fuel (generally coal
or highspeed diesel) is burnt in a furnace and hot gasses are produced.
. These hot gasses come in contact with water vessel where the heat of these hot gases
transfer to the water and consequently steam or hot water is produced in the boiler.
. Then Steam or hot water exits the boiler through piping referred to as the header.
. After that the hot water reaches to radiator via duct which is insulated with glass wool and
aluminum cladding.

. These radiators are used to provide indoor heating.

1.2. EQUIPMENT /TOOLS /MACHINERIES USED IN BOILER HOUSE

1.2.1 DAY OIL-TANK:
A day-oil tank is essentially a storage tank that stores fuel like highspeed diesel for boiler. It
also ensures that the generator (Burner) used in boiler has enough fuel to run for an extended
period.

1.2.2 PHOTOCELL:
Photocell is a safety device that monitors combustion flames.
1.2.3 N-R VALVE:
A non-return valve allows a medium to flow in only one direction and is fitted to ensure
that the medium flows through a pipe in the right direction, where pressure conditions may
otherwise cause reversed flow. Shown in fig. 1.1 and 1.2.

Fig:1.1 Fig:1.2

N-R valve

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 1

1.2.4 BURNER BLOCK:
In boilers, Burner block provides the heat necessary for converting water in the boiler into
steam or hot water. Shown in Fig 2.

Fig: 2 Burner Block

1.2.4 WATER TUBE BOILER:

A boiler is a vessel in which the water flows through the tubes that are surrounded by hot
combustion gases, its heating capacity is 6 lakh Kcal/hr. Shown in fig.3.

Fig:3 Water Tube Boiler

1.2.5 CLARIFIER:
A clarifier is generally used to remove solid particulates or suspended solids from liquid for
clarification and/or thickening. Shown in fig. 4.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 2

 Fig.4.Clarifier

1.2.6 MIXING TANK:

Mixing tanks are used in chemical process systems to mix multiple liquid components
together to create new compounds or products. Shown in fig. 5.

Fig.5. Mixing Tank

1.2.7 BUTTERFLY VALVE:

Butterfly valves are a family of quarter-turn rotational motion valves that are used in
pipelines to shut-off flow. Shown in fig. 6

Fig:6 Butterfly Valve

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 3

1.2.8 HOT WATER HEATING RADIATORS:
In a hot water heating system, the boiler heats water and sends it through a circulating
pump to the radiator. As the water flows through the coils, heat radiates into the room. Cool
outgoing water flows back to the boiler to be reheated. The cycle continues for as long as the
heat is on. Shown in fig. 7.1.

Fig:7.1 Fig:7.2

Radiator

1.2.8.1 BLEED VALVE:

The bleed valve on the radiator is usually situated at the top of the radiator and can be at
either end. The purpose of a bleed valve is simply to release air from your radiator. The valve
ensures that you don't have to break the radiator to do so. Naturally, opening the bleed valve
is a key part of bleeding air from radiators. It is recommended that you bleed your radiators at
least once a year. Shown in fig. 7.2.

1.2.8.2 LOCK SHIELD VALVE:

The lock shield valve restricts hot water flow to certain radiators in order to divert flow to
others, thereby balancing the system. Once any air in the system has been removed the
heating is turned off to allow the radiators to cool down. Shown in fig. 7.2.

1.2.8.3 MANUAL CONTROL VALVE:

Manual radiator valves are angled taps that you can find at the side of your radiator to turn
the radiator off and on. The manual radiator valve is possibly the Simplest to operate as well
as being the most common type. Depending on how warm or cool you require yourroom
to be, you can easily turn them up and down. Shown in fig. 7.2.

1.3. BOILER MOUNTINGS

The components which are fitted on the surface of the boiler for complete safety and
control of steam generation process are known as boiler mountings. The following are the
various important mountings of a boiler.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 4

Pressure Gauge: - It is usually mounted on the front top of the boiler shell. It is
mounted on each boiler to show the pressure of the steam, its dial is graduated to read
the pressure in Kilograms per sq.
Safety Valves: - They are needed to blow off the steam when pressure of the steam in
the boiler exceeds theworking pressure. These are placed on the top of the boiler. There
are four types of safety valves:
1. Dead weight safety valve
2. Lever safety valve
3. Spring loaded safety valve
4. Low water high steam safety valve
Spring loaded safety valve: - spring loaded safety valve is mainly used for
locomotives and marine boilers. In this typethe valve is loaded by means of spring,
instead of dead weight.
Feed Check Valve: - A feed check valve is shown in Fig. The function of the feed
check valve is to allow the supply of water to the boiler at high pressure continuously
and to prevent the back flow theboiler when the pump pressure is less than boiler
pressure.
Fusible Plug: - It is fitted to the crown plate of the furnace of the fire. The function of
fusible plug is to extinguish the fire in the fire box, when water level in the boiler comes
down the limit and itprevents from blasting the boiler, melting the tube and overheating
the fire-box crown plate.
Blow Off Cock: - The blow off cock as is fitted to the bottom of a boiler drum and
consists of a conical plugfitted to body or casing. Blow off cock is used to empty the
boiler whenever required and to discharge the mud, scale or sedimentation which are
accumulated at the bottom of the boiler.
Water Level Indicator: - It is an important fitting, which indicates the water level
inside the boiler to an observer. Itis a safety device, up on which the correct working of
the boiler depends. This fitting may beseen in froth of the boiler, and are generally two
in number. The upper end of the valve opensin steam space while the lower end opens
in the water. The valve consists of a strong glass tube.
Steam Stop Valve: - A valve placed directly on a boiler and connected to the steam
pipe which carries steam tothe engine or turbine is called stop valve or junction valve. It
is the largest valve on the steamboiler. It is, usually, fitted to the highest part of the shell
by means of a flange.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 5

 SEWAGE TREATMENT
PLANT
2. SEWAGE TREATMENT
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household
sewage, both effluents and domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes
to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. shown in fig.8.

Fig.8 Sewage Treatment

2.1 IMPORTANCE
. It is very important to provide some degree of treatment to wastewater before it can
be used for agricultural or landscape irrigation or for aquaculture.

. The principal objective of sewage treatment is generally to allow

human effluents to
be disposed of without danger to human health or unacceptable damage to the natural
environment.

. According to research, a large number of people die from water borne diseases inmost
of the developing countries. Therefore, it is very important to get the proper treatment
of the water for a healthy living.

2.2. WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROCEDURE

Sewage treatment generally involves three stages, called as: -

• PRIMARY TREATMENT

• SECONDARY TREATMENT

• TERTIARY TREATMENT
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 6
 1.2.1 PRIMARY TREATMENT
Primary treatment removes materials that can be easily collected from the raw
sewage before they damage or clog the pumps and sewage lines of primary treatment
clarifiers trash, tree limbs, leaves, branches etc. shown in fig.9.

Fig.9. Primary Treatment

1.2.2. SECONDARY TREATMENT

Secondary treatment removes dissolved and suspended biological matter. Secondary
treatment is typically performed by indigenous, water-borne micro-organisms in a
managed habitat. Secondary treatment may require a separation process to remove the
micro- organisms from the treated water prior to discharge. Shown in fig.10.

Fig.10. Secondary Treatment

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 7

 1.2.3. TERTIARY TREATMENT
Chlorination is a water treatment that destroys disease-causing bacteria, nuisance
bacteria, parasites and other organisms. Chlorination also oxidizes iron, manganese
and hydrogen Sulphide so they can be filtered out. Shown in fig.11.

Fig.11. Tertiary Treatment

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 8

 INCINERATION PLANT
3.. INCINERATION
Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic
substances contained in waste materials. This process is used to convert waste material into
ash, flue gas, and heat.

3.1. INCINERATION PROCESS

 Collection: waste materials are collected and transported to incineration facility
 Segregation: before incineration, recyclable materials are typically separated
from the waste stream
 Combustion: the waste is burned at high temperature in a controlled
environment. Organic materials are converted into ash, gases and heat
 Energy recovery: heat generated during incineration can be used to produce
electricity or heat for various purposes
 Emission control: to minimize environmental impact, the modern incineration
plants are equipped with systems to control and treat emissions such as scrubbers
and filters
 Residue management: the ash that remains after incineration may contain
some non-combustible materials and is disposed of in controlled manner.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 9

 3.2. INCINERATION PLANT
2.1 It is a plant that involves the burning of medical waste such as radioactive,
pharmaceutical, chemical, sharps etc. to protect the environment from hazardous disease.

3.2.1. Types of wastes incinerated

 Infectious waste (e.g. Contaminated bandages, needles, cultures)
 Radioactive waste (e.g. radioactive materials used in diagnostics and treatment)
 Pharmaceutical waste
 General medical /clinical waste
 Surgical waste

3.2.2. Different parts of incineration machine

The different parts of the incineration plant are:
 Primary combustion chamber
 Secondary combustion chamber
 Primary burner
 Secondary burner
 Centrifugal dust collector
 Scrubber
 Induced draft fan
 Chimney
 Control panel

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 10

 3.2.3. Working
 The waste is brought in the plant with the help of bins of different colours. Each
bincarries particular waste.
 The waste is inserted into the burning chamber with the help of conveyer
 The process begins with the combustion in the primary combustion chamber and the
temperature reaches up to 450 c
 The incompletely burnt substances enter the secondary combustion chamber where
combustion takes place by addition of auxiliary fuel (e.g. natural gas) and a very
high temperature up to 850 c is attained
 The combustion chambers are provided with the refectory walls so that the chamber
can resist the high temperatures

 The completely combusted exhaust gases enter the centrifugal dust collector. water is
sprayed over the mixture by which the ash settles down at the bottom
 The scrubber removes the fluoride, sulphide, and other oxides and harmful substances
and clean air is thrown out through the chimney. The induced draft fan is used to
create the negative pressure. The hydrated dry flue gases enter the dust collector under
the action of induced draft fan.
 The ash is collected in the ash storing chamber and is taken out from here.

3.3. Objectives of incineration

 Reduces the volume and weight of waste, making it easier to handle and transport
 Destroy pathogens and contaminants in waste, reducing the risk of infection
 Can recover energy from the waste in the form of heat.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 11

3.4. Regulations and standards
 Incineration plants must meet the strict environmental and public health regulations
 Emissions from incinerators are closely monitored for particulates, toxic substances,
and greenhouse gases.

3.5. Challenges and considerations

 High energy consumption and potential air pollution if not operated properly
 Disposal of ash and solid residues must also be managed carefully
 Alternate technologies like autoclaving are increasingly being used to replace
incineration.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 12

 PUMP HOUSE
4. Water treatment and supply house
A water treatment and supply house typically refer to a facility or company that specializesin
treating and supply water for various purposes. This includes: -
 Water treatment: Processes such as filtration, disinfection, softening and purification
to make water safe and suitable for drinking and other application
 Water supply: Distribution of treated water to hospital, residential etc.
throughpipelines

4.1. Water pump house typically includes several essential components

4.1.1. Water sources: The source of water is tubewell and rangier water
4.1.2. Pump: The main component that moves water from its source (well, reservoir etc.) to
distribution system
4.1.3. Motor: Powers the pump to generate the necessary pressure to move water, usually
25hp and 30hp motor are used. Shown in fig. 4.1.

Fig. 4.1 Motor

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 13

4.1.4. Piping: Network of pipes that transport water from pump to its destination such as
storage tank or distribution tank. This is shown in fig 4.2.

Fig. 4.2 Piping

4.1.5. Storage tank: Used to store water temporarily to ensure a steady supply this could be
elevated tank or ground level reservoir, there are 6 reserve tank each tank having capacity of
2.5 lakh liters. Shown in fig. 4.3.

Fig.4.3. Storage Tank

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 14

4.1.6. Overhead tank: Overhead storage tank is usually water storage tank as its name
stands for itself these tanks are placed over the head that is built on a certain height. Shown in
fig.4.4.

Fig.4.4. Over-Head Tank

4.1.7. Controls and sensor: These include pressure switches, flowmeter level sensors and
regulate pump and system.
4.1.8. Valves and fitting: Values like check values, gate values etc. and fittings elbows,
couplings reducer are used to control and direct the flow of water within the system. Shown
in fig.4.5.

Fig.4.5. Valves

4.1.9. Electrical components: Including wiring, circuit breaker, starters and possibly back
up power system like generators or batteries for uninterrupted operation.
4.1.10. Protection and safety devices: These can include surge protectors, thermal
overload protectors, thermal overload protectors and alarms for system malfunctions or low
water levels.
4.1.11. Accessories: Such as filters strainers and gauges, which help maintain water
quality and monitor system performance.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 15

 4.2. Jockey system
A jockey system also known as a jockey pump or pressure maintenance pump is small pump
used in a water distribution system. Shown in fig.14.
1. Maintain pressure: keep the system pressure within a set range

2. Compensate for leaks: offset minor leaks or water loses

 Jockey System are used in:
-1. Water distribution network
2. Firefighting system

 VARIOUS PUMPS IN SKIMS SAURA

 Ward block :2 pumps of 30HP.
 Boiler house :3pumps of 25HP.
 Administration block :2 pumps of 25HP.
 Paying ward :2 pumps of 25HP.
 Cancer institute :2 pumps of 25HP.
 Firefighting system ;1 pump of 75HP having an engine of 66KV.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 16

 LIFT

5. Introduction
Lift elevators, commonly known as elevators, are vertical transportation systems used to
move people and goods between different floors of a building. They play a critical role in
modern architecture, particularly in high-rise buildings, providing convenience, accessibility,
and efficiency.
physic of lift: in lift we usually feel that lift is at rest but actually lift is moving and its moving
with constant velocity means change in velocity is zero which means no acceleration.

5.1. Let’s go over some basic parts of lift.

Now there's a lot of different elevator companies and different ways to make elevators. some of
mechanisms and names will be slightly different depending on the elevator, so keeping that in
mind.

5.1.1. SHAFT OR HOISTWAY: A vertical shaft in a building to permit the passage of an

elevator from floor to floor. Shown in fig.15.

Fig.15. Shaft

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 17

 5.1.2. PIT: - At very bottom of lift. Shown in fig.16.

Fig.16. Pit

5.1.3. CAB: which moves up or down inside the shaft the cab usually has guide rollers to
move it.

5.1.4. Guide Rails: Vertical tracks that guide the elevator car and counterweight,
ensuring smooth and stable movement. Shown in fig.17.

Fig.17. Guide Rail

5.1.5. Control System: Manages the elevator’s operations, including floor

selection, movement, and speed.
5.1.6. Counterweight: A weight that balances the elevator car, reducing the
motor’s workload. Shown in fig.18.

Fig.18. Counter Weight

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 18

 5.1.7. Drive System: - Uses a motor and sheave system with ropes or belts.

At the very top is the machine room and, in this room, we can find our electric motor. Motor
which we inspect during our visit was 129kg and 20HP.The motor pulls the cables by turning
the sheave, which is basically a special kind of pulley on one side cable go down attach to
cab, and other side it is attached to counter weight counterweight moves opposite to elevator
cab.

SAFETY FEATURES BUILT IN

 MACHINE BRAKE: This is used to stop spinning of motor and hold the cabin.
 GOVERNOR: Normally this spins along with elevator cabas it
moves up and down let’s say for whatever reason the cab starts
move downward too quickly the over speed governor will spin
faster this stops the spinning which stops the cable.

LIFTS IN SKIMS SOURA: there are 21 lifts in skims soura, these lifts are of three types i.e.,
passenger lifts, good lifts and bed lifts. Capacity of passenger lift is1768 kg (26 persons).

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 19

 OXYGEN PLANT
6. OXYGEN PLANT
An Oxygen plant is a facility that produces oxygen for various industrial, medical, and other
applications. It typically works by separating oxygen from the air using a process called
cryogenic distillation. The plant compresses atmospheric air, purifies it to remove impurities,
and then separates the oxygen from nitrogen and other gases through a cooling and
distillation process. The separated oxygen is then stored and distributed as needed.

6.1.PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION:
 The oxygen plant works based on the principle of cryogenic distillation.
 The principle of operation of an oxygen plant involves the process of separating
oxygen from the other components of air. One common method used in oxygen
plants is cryogenic distillation.
• In cryogenic distillation process, air is compressed and cooled to very low
temperatures to liquefy it. The air is then separated into its components using the
difference in boiling points of the gases. Since oxygen has a lower boiling point
than nitrogen, it vaporizes first. The vaporized oxygen is then collected, warmed
up, and converted back in to a gaseous state.
• This process allows for the production of high-purity oxygen that can be used for
various applications such as medical purposes, industrial processes etc.

6.2.COMPONENT OF OXYGEN PLANT

6.2.1. SCREW-AIR COMPRESSOR: A screw air compressor is a type of air

compressor that uses two rotating screws to compress air. These screws are
known as rotors,trap air between them and compress it as they rotate. Shown
in fig.20.

Fig.20.Compressor

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 20

 6.2.2. AIR TANK: The air tank in an oxygen plant is a component that is used to
store the compressed air before it undergoes the purification and air separation
processes. The air tank helps in maintaining a steady flow of air in to the
purification system and ensures a continuous supply of air for the oxygen
production process. Shown in fig.21.

Fig.21. Air Tank

6.2.3. AIR DRYER: The air dryer in an oxygen plant is component that is
used to remove the moisture content from the compressed air before it enters
the oxygen separation process. Italsoconverts hot air into cold air. Shown in fig.22.

Fig.22. Air Dryer

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 21

 6.2.4. AIR FILTERS: Air filters in oxygen plant is used to remove the
impurities such asdust, oil, and other contaminants from the compressed air.
These filters ensures that the air entering the oxygen separation process is
clean and free of particles. Shown in fig.23.

Fig.23. Air Filters

6.2.5. PSA BASED OXYGEN GENERATION TANKS (TOWER TANKS):

There are tower tanks in oxygen plant where the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) takes
place. These tower tanks contain adsorbent material that helps to separate oxygen from
the air by adsorbing nitrogen and other impurities while allowing the oxygen to pass
through.The PSA process involves cyclically pressurizing and depressurizing the tower
tanks to separate oxygen from the air efficiently. Shown in fig.24.

Fig.24. Tower Tanks

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 22

 6.2.6. OXYGEN TANK: An oxygen tank in oxygen plant is a storage
vessel that holds theproduced oxygen gas before it is distributed for various
applications. These tanks store the oxygen at high pressure to ensure a
sufficient supply of oxygen available when needed Shown in fig.25.

Fig.25 Oxygen Tanks

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 23

 FIRE PROTECTION MEASUREMENTS

7.1. FIRE CYLINDER

A fire cylinder is typically a portable container that stores fire extinguishing agents under
pressure. It is commonly known as fire extinguisher. Shown in fig.27.

Fig.27. Fire Cylinder

7.2. HOSE BOX

A hose box is a container that typically holds firefighting equipment like hoses, nozzles, and
sometimes other tools used for firefighting purposes. Shown in fig.28.

Fig.28. Hose Box

7.3. HOSE REEL DRUM

A hose reel drum is a cylindrical container that houses a length of hose used for firefighting purposes. It
is a common firefighting equipment found in buildings, industrial facilities, and other locations for quick
access to a water supply in case of fire emergency. Shown in fig.29.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 24

 Fig.29. Hose Reel Drum

7.4. SPRINKLER SYSTEM

A sprinkler system in firefighting is a vital fire protection measure in buildings. It comprises a
network of pipes with sprinkler heads that automatically release water when heat from fire is
detected. Shown in fig.30.

Fig.30. Sprinklers

7.5. SMOKE DETECTOR

A smoke detector in firefighting is a crucial device used to detect the presence of smoke,
device used to detect the presence of smoke, which can indicate a fire. Smoke detectors are
typically installed in buildings and homes to provide early warning of fire. Shown in fig.31.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 25

 Fig.31. Smoke Detector

7.6. FIRE HOOTER ALARM

A fire hooter alarm is designed to detect the presence of fire or smoke and then alert people in
the building by sounding alarms. Shown in fig.32.

Fig.32.Fire Hooter Alarm

7.7. HYDRANT VALVE

It is a valve connected to a water supply, typically located near roads or buildings, that
firefighters can attach hoses to in order to access water for firefighting operations. Shown in
fig.33.

Fig.33. Hydrant Valve

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 26

 7.8. BUTTERFLY VALVE
A butterfly valve is a type of valve that is commonly used to control the flow of fluid in pipes.
It consists of a circular disc or plate that can be rotated 90 degrees to open or close the
passageway. Shown in fig.34.

Fig.34. Butterfly Valve

7.9. FOURWAY VALVE:

A four-way valve in firefighting is a specialized valve with four ports that is used to control
the flow of water in firefighting operations. These valves are typically connected to fire
hydrants and allow firefighters to regulate the distribution of water to multiple hoses or
firefighting equipment simultaneously. Shown in fig.35.

Fig:35. Four-way Valve

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 27

 CONCLUSION
 INTERNSHIP
Our internship at SKIMS proved to be a comprehensive and enlightening experience as we
delved into the intricacies of mechanical support services within the hospital environment. The
internship spanned a total of 30 days, with the initial 10 days dedicated to Sub Division II, next
10 days to Sub Division I and the last 10 days to Sub Division III. This division of time allowed
us to gain a holistic understanding of the varied mechanical support systems that contribute to
the seamless functioning of the hospital.

 SUB DIVISION I EXPERIENCE

During the first half of our internship at Sub Division I, we had the opportunity to immerse
ourselves in a range of mechanical support services. This included hands-on exposure to the
maintenance and operation of critical equipment, such as HVAC systems, plumbing, and other
mechanical infrastructure vital for the hospital’s functionality. Engaging with the skilled
professionals at Sub Division I provided valuable insights into the maintenance protocols,
troubleshooting procedures, and the day-to-day challenges faced in ensuring the uninterrupted
operation of mechanical systems.

 SUB DIVISION II and III EXPERIENCE

Transitioning to Sub Division II and III for the latter half of our internship further enriched
our understanding of mechanical support services within the hospital setting. Here, we focused
on different aspects of new projects like firefighting, new STP, possibly including specialized
equipment, emergency response systems, or other critical components that contribute to patient
care and facility management. Collaborating with experts in this division allowed us to witness
the interplay between various mechanical systems and their impact on the overall hospital
environment.

 KEY LEARNING
Throughout our internship, we gained proficiency in identifying, diagnosing, and resolving
mechanical issues, emphasizing the importance of proactive maintenance in ensuring the
reliability of hospital infrastructure. Exposure to diverse mechanical systems broadened our
knowledge base, and the practical experience garnered at SKIMS significantly complemented
our academic understanding.

Our interactions with the skilled professionals and technicians at each Sub-Division
highlighted the collaborative nature of mechanical support services. Effective communication,
teamwork, and adherence to safety protocols were emphasized as crucial elements in providing
efficient and reliable mechanical support within a hospital setting.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 28

 In conclusion, our internship at SKIMS provided a comprehensive overview of mechanical
support services in a healthcare environment. The experiences gained during our time at Sub
Division I, Sub Division II and Sub Division III have not only enriched our skill set but have
also instilled in us a deeper appreciation for the critical role that mechanical systems play in
supporting the hospital’s mission of providing quality healthcare. We are grateful for the
opportunity and look forward to applying these learnings in our future endeavours within the
field.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 29

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 C. D. Mojica-Cabeza, C. E. Garcia-Sanchez, R. Silva-Rodriguez, and L. Garcia Sanchez,

“A review of the different boiler efficiency calculation and modelling methodologies”,
Informavore technical, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 69–93, 2022.
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 T. Astrup, C. Riber, and A. J. Pedersen, “Incinerator performance: effects of changes in
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Research, vol. 29, no.10, pp. S57–S68, 2011.
 “Design of Oxygen Plant” by Arvind Kumar, International Journal of Engineering
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 “Oxygen Plants: Design and Operation” by S.S. Bhagwat, McGraw-Hill Education,
2005.
 “Firefighter’s Training Manual” by International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC),
Jones and Bartlett Learning, 2008.
 “Pump Handbook” by Igor J. Karassik, Joseph P. Messina, Paul Cooper, Charles C.
Heald, McGraw-Hill Education, 2000.
 “Pump User’s Handbook: Life Extension” by Heinz P. Bloch, Allan R. Budris, Fairmont
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 “Pump Selection and Troubleshooting Field Guide” by Terry Henshaw, Gulf
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 “Fire Engineering’s Handbook for Firefighter I and II” by Glenn P. Corbett, Fire
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 “Handbook of Industrial Membranes for Oxygen Production: Technologies and
Applications” edited by R. W. Baker, CRC Press, 2003.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 30