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World History

The document outlines the major eras of world history, starting from the Prehistoric Era with human evolution and agriculture, through Ancient and Medieval History marked by early civilizations and empires, to the Early Modern Period characterized by the Renaissance and exploration. It continues with Modern History highlighting the Industrial Revolution and World Wars, and concludes with Contemporary History focusing on the Cold War, decolonization, and current global challenges. Each era is defined by significant cultural, political, and technological developments.

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28 views2 pages

World History

The document outlines the major eras of world history, starting from the Prehistoric Era with human evolution and agriculture, through Ancient and Medieval History marked by early civilizations and empires, to the Early Modern Period characterized by the Renaissance and exploration. It continues with Modern History highlighting the Industrial Revolution and World Wars, and concludes with Contemporary History focusing on the Cold War, decolonization, and current global challenges. Each era is defined by significant cultural, political, and technological developments.

Uploaded by

d22me004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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world history

1. Prehistoric Era (before 3000 BCE)

• No written records; history known through archaeology.


• Human evolution, development of tools, discovery of fire.
• Beginning of agriculture and permanent settlements (Neolithic Revolution).

2. Ancient History (c. 3000 BCE – 500 CE)

• Early Civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and China.


• Development of writing (cuneiform, hieroglyphics), cities, and states.
• Major empires: Greek, Roman, Persian, Maurya, Gupta, Han.
• Religious and philosophical roots: Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, Confucianism.

3. Medieval History (c. 500 – 1500 CE)

• Rise of feudalism and kingdoms in Europe.


• Islamic Golden Age, Byzantine Empire, Mongol Empire, Crusades.
• Flourishing cultures in Africa (e.g., Mali Empire) and Asia (e.g., Tang and Song dynasties).
• Rise of universities, cathedrals, and the influence of religion.

4. Early Modern Period (c. 1500 – 1800 CE)

• Renaissance and Reformation in Europe.


• Age of Exploration: European powers colonize the Americas, Africa, and Asia.
• Rise of scientific thinking and early capitalism.
• Powerful empires: Ottoman, Mughal, Ming/Qing, Spanish, British.

5. Modern History (c. 1800 – 1945 CE)

• Industrial Revolution transforms economy and society.


• Revolutions: American, French, and later Latin American independence movements.
• Imperialism and global colonization.
• World Wars I & II: Massive global conflicts reshaping borders and powers.
• Rise and fall of monarchies and empires.
6. Contemporary History (1945 – Present)

• Cold War (USA vs USSR), nuclear arms race, space race.


• Decolonization of Africa and Asia.
• Rise of global institutions (UN, IMF, EU).
• Technology boom, globalization, and the Internet age.
• 21st century issues: terrorism, climate change, pandemics, geopolitical tensions (e.g., Russia-
Ukraine war), and rapid AI development.

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