MR.

KOECH

FARM POWER AND MACHINERY

1. State four advantages of animal power. (2mks)

o Readily available in rural areas

o Cheaper than fuel-powered machines

o Suitable for small-scale farms

o Provides manure as a by-product

2. Give four limitations of animal power. (2mks)

o Slow and less efficient

o Animals can fall sick or die

o Cannot work for long hours

o Not suitable for large-scale farming

3. Give three reasons why waterpower use is limited on the farm. (1½ mks)

o Seasonal availability of water

o High cost of installation

o Limited to areas near flowing water

4. Discuss the various sources of power on the farm. (10mks)

o Human Power: Manual labor using hands or hand tools

o Animal Power: Oxen, donkeys, camels for pulling loads

o Mechanical Power: Tractors, engines, machines

o Electrical Power: Motors and equipment powered by electricity

o Solar Power: Sunlight used in drying or solar pumps

o Wind Power: Windmills used to pump water

o Water Power: Hydroelectricity or water wheels

o Biogas: Methane from manure used as fuel

o Steam Power: Rare, used in early mechanization

o Chemical Power: Use of fuel and batteries

5. State three advantages of using biogas use on the farm. (1½ mks)

o Reduces dependency on fossil fuels

o Provides clean energy

6. State three limitations of biogas use in the farm. (1½ mks)

o High initial installation cost

o Requires consistent supply of organic waste

o Needs technical knowledge for maintenance

7. State four uses of solar energy on the farm. (2mks)

o Drying crops

o Heating water

o Powering electric fences

o Lighting farm structures

8. Outline the strokes in a four-stroke engine. (2mks)

o Intake stroke

o Compression stroke

o Power stroke

o Exhaust stroke

9. Describe the mechanism of a four-stroke cycle engine. (8mks)

o Intake stroke: Inlet valve opens, fuel-air mixture enters

o Compression stroke: Mixture is compressed with both valves closed

o Power stroke: Spark plug ignites mixture, piston pushed down

o Exhaust stroke: Exhaust valve opens, burnt gases expelled

10. State four advantages of four-stroke engines. (2mks)

 More fuel-efficient

 Durable and reliable

 Cleaner emissions

 Lower oil consumption

11. State three disadvantages of four-stroke engines. (1½ mks)

 More expensive to manufacture

 Heavier and bulkier

 More complex mechanically

12. Name four machines on the farm that have two stroke engine. (2mks)

 Chainsaws
 Motorcycles

 Water pumps

 Knapsack sprayers

13. Describe the mechanism of action of a two stroke cycle engine. (8mks)

 First stroke: Combines intake and compression; fuel-air enters and compresses

 Second stroke: Combines power and exhaust; explosion pushes piston down and expels
gases

14. State four advantages of a two stroke engine. (2mks)

 Simpler design

 Lighter weight

 Higher power-to-weight ratio

 Cheaper to produce

15. State three limitations of a two stroke engine. (1½ mks)

 Wears out faster

 Less fuel-efficient

 More pollution

16. State three maintenance of petrol fuel system. (1½ mks)

 Clean the carburetor

 Replace fuel filters

 Drain stale fuel

17. State three maintenance of a diesel fuel system. (1½ mks)

 Bleed the system regularly

 Clean or replace injectors

 Drain water from fuel separator

18. State five structural and functional differences between petrol and diesel engines. (5mks)

 Diesel uses compression ignition; petrol uses spark plug

 Diesel has higher compression ratio

 Diesel engines are more durable

 Petrol engines are lighter

 Diesel engines have fuel injectors; petrol engines have carburetors

19. State six care and maintenance of a tractor battery. (6mks)

 Top up with distilled water

 Keep terminals clean

 Ensure secure terminal connections

 Charge battery regularly

 Store in a cool, dry place

20. State the causes of the following problems in the ignition system.
a) Sudden stopping – Fuel shortage or spark plug failure (1mk)
b) Continuous engine running – Faulty ignition switch (1½ mks)

21. State six maintenance of ignition system. (6mks)

 Replace faulty spark plugs

 Adjust timing

 Clean distributor cap

 Replace ignition coils

 Check wiring

 Lubricate moving parts

22. State three characteristics of air cooled engines. (1½ mks)

 Fins on engine cylinder

 Lighter than water-cooled

 No radiator required

23. State four care and maintenance of water cooling system. (2mks)

 Check radiator water level

 Clean radiator

 Check hoses for leaks

 Use correct coolant

24. Give four importance of the lubrication system. (2mks)

 Reduces friction

 Cools engine

 Cleans engine parts

 Prevents corrosion

25. Name three types of lubrication systems. (1½ mks)

 Splash system
 Pressure system

 Combination system

26. What is the use of a dip stick in a tractor engine? (1mk)

 To check oil level in the engine

27. State four care and maintenance of lubrication system. (2mks)

 Regular oil changes

 Check oil levels

 Replace oil filters

 Use recommended oil type

28. Describe the various components of power transmission system. (8mks)

 Clutch: Engages and disengages power

 Gearbox: Provides speed and torque variation

 Propeller shaft: Transfers power to rear wheels

 Differential: Distributes power to wheels

 Final drive: Converts speed to torque

 Axles: Supports weight and rotates wheels

 Bearings: Reduce friction

 Brakes: Control speed

29. State two functions of the gearbox. (1mk)

 Change torque and speed

 Allow reverse and forward motion

30. State two functions of the differential unit. (1mk)

 Allows wheels to rotate at different speeds

 Transmits power from propeller shaft to wheels

31. Describe the various ways in which power is transmitted from the engine to do useful work
in the farm. (8mks)

 Through belts to drive equipment

 Via PTO shafts to implements

 Using hydraulics for lifting

 Chains in some equipment

 Gear transmission in tractors

 Electrical systems in modern machinery

 Drawbars for pulling

32. State ten short term tractor services. (10mks)

 Check engine oil

 Check radiator water

 Grease moving parts

 Check battery

 Check tire pressure

 Clean air filter

 Tighten nuts and bolts

 Inspect fuel system

 Clean the tractor

 Drain water from fuel separator

33. Give five long term services required on a tractor. (5mks)

 Replace worn parts

 Engine overhaul

 Check and adjust brakes

 Replace hydraulic oil

 Service transmission

34. Give the name that is used to refer to attaching implements on a tractor. (1mk)

 Hitching

35. Give four implements that are attached to the tractor on the draw bar. (2mks)

 Trailer

 Harrow

 Planter

 Ridger

36. State four maintenance of a trailer. (2mks)

 Grease moving parts

 Check tires

 Tighten bolts
 Paint to prevent rust

37. State the functions of the following parts of a disc plough.

38. Give four maintenance of a disc plough. (2mks)

 Sharpen discs

 Lubricate bearings

 Tighten nuts and bolts

 Clean after use

39. State the functions of the following components of a mouldboard plough. (1½ mks)
a) Share – Cuts the soil horizontally
b) Disc coulter – Cuts vertically ahead of the share
c) Landside – Balances the plough

40. State six operational differences between a disc plough and a mouldboard plough. (6mks)

 Disc plough works in hard soils; mouldboard for soft soils

 Disc has circular discs; mouldboard has curved moulds

 Disc cuts and lifts; mouldboard cuts and turns

 Disc needs less maintenance

 Mouldboard gives clean cuts

 Disc better in trashy conditions

41. Name three types of harrows. (1½ mks)

 Disc harrow

 Spike tooth harrow

 Spring tine harrow

42. State four maintenance of a disc harrow. (2mks)

 Sharpen discs

 Lubricate bearings

 Tighten bolts

 Clean after use

43. State four maintenance of ridgers. (2mks)

 Clean after use

 Lubricate parts

 Tighten bolts
 Paint for rust protection

44. Give the use of Rotavators. (1mk)

 For seedbed preparation and weed control

45. Name two types of mowers. (2mks)

 Rotary mower

 Reciprocating mower

46. State four maintenance of a reciprocating mower. (2mks)

 Sharpen blades

 Lubricate moving parts

 Replace broken guards

 Tighten nuts

47. State six maintenance of a rotary mower. (6mks)

 Sharpen blades

 Grease bearings

 Replace belts

 Clean after use

 Check blade alignment

 Replace worn parts

48. State four maintenance of planters and seeders. (2mks)

 Clean after use

 Lubricate moving parts

 Replace worn parts

 Calibrate regularly

49. State four maintenance of boom sprayers. (2mks)

 Clean nozzles

 Check pressure pump

 Flush system

 Replace damaged hoses

50. Give the functions of the following parts of an ox-plough. (1½ mks)
a) Landside – Balances plough
b) Land wheel – Regulates depth
c) Beam – Joins and supports parts
51. Give four maintenance of an ox-plough. (2mks)

 Sharpen the share

 Oil wooden parts

 Tighten loose parts

 Store in dry place

52. State four maintenance of an ox-tine harrow. (2mks)

 Straighten bent tines

 Oil metallic parts

 Clean after use

 Tighten bolts

53. Give four maintenance of an ox-cart. (2mks)

 Grease wheels

 Repair broken yokes

 Tighten joints

 Paint wood for durability

54. State four advantages of animal-drawn implements over tractor drawn implements. (4mks)

 Cheaper to buy and operate

 Suitable for small farms

 Easy to repair

 Environmentally friendly

55. State six disadvantages of animal-drawn implements as compared to tractor drawn

 Slower

 Less efficient

 Cannot work long hours

 Prone to fatigue

 Require care and feeding

 Limited pulling power