DIRECT SPEECH

जब कोई व्यक्ति क्तकसी विा के कहे हुए कथन को क्तबना क्तकसी परिवर्तन के अक्तिव्यि कि दें
र्ो वह Direct Speech कहलार्ा है।
जैसे: Ram says, "I work hard."
 INDIRECT SPEECH
जब कोई व्यक्ति क्तकसी विा के कथन को अपने शब्दों में कुछ जरूिी परिवर्तन कि प्रस्र्र्ु
किें र्ो वह Indirect Speech कहलार्ा है।
जैसे: Ram says that he works hard.
ASSERTIVE SENTENCES (कथनात्मक वाक्य)
(1) He says, "I work hard." (Direct Speech)
He says that he works hard. (Indirect speech)
(1) Comma एवं inverted commas को हटाएं औि Conjunction 'that' का प्रयोग
किें ।
(2) Pronoun नीचे क्तदए गए क्तनयमानसु ाि परिवक्तर्तर् किें ।
जैसे: 1. He says, " I work hard“
He says that he works hard.
2. He says to me, "You work hard.“
He tells me that I work hard
3. He says to me, "She works hard.“
He tells me that she works hard.
(3) Say/said को indirect speech में यथावर् िहने दें। लेक्तकन 'say to' को 'tell' बना दे
औि 'said to' को 'told'
जैसे: He says to me, "you work hard". He tells me that I work hard.
नोट:- 1. tell औि told के बाद to का प्रयोग नहीं क्तकया जार्ा है।
2. tell औि told के बाद obj का प्रयोग किना जरूिी होर्ा है। इसी प्रकाि ordered,
requested, forbade इत्याक्तद के बाद िी एक object का प्रयोग होना चाक्तहए।
(4) अगि Reporting verb present अथवा future tense में हो, र्ो reported
speech के tense में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होगा।
जैसे: He says, "I come here ". He says that he comes here.
(5) अगि Reporting verb past में हों लेक्तकन reported speech universal truth /
Idiom / Phrase/ habitual action अथवा historical fact हो र्ो reported speech
के tense में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं क्तकया जार्ा है।
जैसे: He said, "The Sun is a star" He said that the Sun is a star
(6) अगि Reporting verb past में हो औि Reported speech idiom / phrase
इत्याक्तद नहीं हो र्ो Reported Speech में क्तनम्नक्तलक्तिर् परिवर्तन क्तकये जार्े ह।।
जैसे: He said, "I came here yesterday". He said that he had come there the
previous day.
(1) CHANGE IN TENSE
(2) CHANGE OF MODALS
shall/will→ should/would
may → might
Can ← could
Preeti said to her friend, "I am like my mother."
(A) Preeti tells her friend that she is like her mother.
(B) Preeti tells her friend that that she was like her mother.
(C) Preeti told her friend that she was like her mother.
(D) Preeti told her friend that I was like her mother.
My brother said to me, "I was upset, but now I am fine."
(A) My brother told me that he had been upset, but then he was fine.
(B) My brother told me that he has been upset, but then he is fine.
(C) My brother told me that he was upset, but now he was fine.
(D) My brother told me that he had been upset, but then he will be fine.
The student said, "I will study hard."
(A) The student says that he would study hard.
(B) The student say that he had to study hard.
(C) The student said that he had to study hard.
(D) The student says that he maystudy hard.
"I am proud of you," father said to me.
(A) Father told me this that he was proud of me.
(B) Father told me that that he is proud of me.
(C) Father told me that he is proud of me.
(D) Father told me that he was proud of me
"The taxi is here," said the watchman.
(A) The watchman said that the taxi is here.
(B) The watchman said that the taxi was there.
(C) The watchman said that the taxi is there.
(D) The watchman said that the taxi was here.
 The officer said, "I am very busy now".
(A) The officer said that he is very busy now.
(B) The officer said that he was very busy then.
(C) The officer said that he was very busy now.
(D) The officer said that he is very busy then.
 My brother said, "I can climb this hill in less than an hour."
(A) My brother claimed that he can climb this hill in less than an hour.
(B) My brother claimed that he could climb that hill in less than an hour.
(C) My brother claimed that he can climb that hill in less than an hour.
(D) My brother claimed that he could climb this hill in less than an hour.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Questions

He said to me, "Are you coming?" He said to me, "when are you coming?"
Rules
(1) 'Said to' को asked, questioned, enquired, interrogated इत्याक्तद में परिवक्तर्तर् किें ।
(2) Question mark (?) को full stop (.) में परिवक्तर्तर् किें ।
(3) वाक्य का formation interrogative नहीं होगा । याक्तन helping verb का प्रयोग subject
के बाद होगा।
(4) Tense, pronoun इत्याक्तद में परिवर्तन क्तनयमानसु ाि होंगे।
(5) अगि सवाल का जवाब 'हााँ' या 'ना' में क्तदया जा सकर्ा है र्ो conjunction 'if' या
'whether' का प्रयोग किें । 'wh family' के सवाल में कोई conjunction का प्रयोग नहीं होगा।
1-He said to me, "Do you know me?" He asked me if I knew him.
2. She said to him, "What are you doing now? She asked him what he
was doing then
Rules
He said to me, "Go away."
He ordered me to go away.
Rules
1. 'Said to' को जरूिर् के अनसु ाि ordered / requested / forbade / suggested
इत्याक्तद में परिवक्तर्तर् किें ।
2. Conjunction 'to' का प्रयोग किें ।
3. "To' के बाद V, आर्ा है। 1
4. Tense, pronoun इत्याक्तद में परिवर्तन क्तनयमानसु ाि होंगे।
She said to me, "Do not come here" She forbade me to come there.
or
She ordered me not to come there.
2. He said, "call the first witness now."
3. The captain said to the soldiers, "Stand at ease."
EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES
She said, "Alas! I am undone."
She exclaimed with sorrow that she was undone.
Rules
(a) Said + Alas! → exclaimed with sorrow.
Said + Hurray! → exclaimed with joy
Said + Fi!/ Ugh! → exclaimed with despise/disgust.
Said + Wow! → exclaimed with joy.
Said + Oh! → exclaimed with surprise / regret.
2. Conjunction 'that' का प्रयोग किें
3. Tense, pronoun इत्याक्तद में परिवर्तन क्तनयमानसु ाि होंगे।
1. She said, "Hurray! we have won this match.
2. She said, "How beautiful is the rain!"
OPTATIVE SENTENCES
He said, "May God bless you."
He prayed that God might bless me.
OPTATIVE SENTENCES
1. 'Said' को 'wished' अथवा 'prayed' में परिवक्तर्तर् किें ।
2. Conjunction 'that' का प्रयोग किें ।
3. Tense, pronoun इत्याक्तद में क्तनयमानसु ाि परिवर्तन किें ।
Examples:
1. She said, "May, God pardon him."
She prayed that God might pardon him.
2.They said, "long live the king."
They prayed that the king might live long.
Priya advised me not to go to school the next day.
a) "Don't go to school next day" Priya said to me.
b) "Don't go to school tomorrow" Priya said to me.
c) Priya said, "Will you not go to school tomorrow?"
d) Priya told me that, "Don't go to school tomorrow."
The teacher said, "The Earth revolves around the sun."
a) The teacher said that the Earth is being revolving around the sun.
b) The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the sun.
c) The teacher said that the Earth revolved around the sun.
d) The teacher said that the Earth had been revolving around the sun.
1. Kiran asked me, “Did you see the cricket match on television last night?”
(a) Kiran asked me whether I saw the cricket match on television the earlier
night.
(b) Kiran asked me whether I had seen the cricket match on television the
earlier night.
(c) Kiran asked me did I see the cricket match on television last night.
(d) Kiran asked me whether I had seen the cricket match on television last
night.
2. David said to Anna, “Mona will leave for her native place tomorrow.”
(a) David told Anna that Mona will leave for her native place tomorrow.
(b) David told Anna that Mona left for her native place the next day.
(c) David old to Anna that Mona be leaving for her native place tomorrow.
(d) David told Anna that Mona would leave for her native place the next
day.
3. I said to him, “Why are you working so hard?”
(a) I asked him why he was working so hard.
(b) I asked him why was he working so hard.
(c) I asked him why he had been working so hard.
(d) I asked him why had he been working so hard.
4. He said to her, “What a cold day!”
(a) He told her that it was a cold day.
(b) He exclaimed that it was a cold day.
(c) He exclaimed sorrowfully that it was a cold day.
(d) He exclaimed that it was a very cold day.
5. The tailor said to him, “Will you have the suit ready by tomorrow evening?”

(a) The tailor asked him that he will have the suit ready by the next evening.
(b) The tailor asked him that he would had the suit ready by the next
evening.
(c) The tailor asked him if he would have the suit ready by the next evening.
(d) The tailor asked him if he will like to have the suit ready by the next
evening.
6. He said to the interviewer, “Could you please repeat the question?”
(a) He requested the interviewer if he could please repeat the question.
(b) He requested the interviewer to please repeat the question.
(c) He requested the interviewer to repeat the question.
(d) He requested the interviewer if he could repeat the question.
7. He said, “Be quiet and listen to my words.”
(a) He urged them to be quiet and listen to his words.
(b) He urged them and said be quiet and listen to words.
(c) He said they should be quiet and listen to his words.
(d) He said you should be quiet and listen to my words.
8. He said to me, “I have often told you not to play with fire.”
(a) He said that he has often been telling me not to play with fire.
(b) He told me that he had often told me not to play with fire.
(c) He reminded me that he often said to me not to play with fire.
(d) He said to me that he often told me not to play with fire.
9. The Captain said to his men, “Stand at ease.”
(a) The Captain urged his men to stand at ease.
(b) The Captain wanted his men to stand at ease.
(c) The Captain told his men that they should stand at ease.
(d) The Captain commanded his men to stand at ease.
10. Pawan said to me. “If I hear any news, I’ll phone you.”
(a) Pawan told me that if he heard any news, he will phone me.
(b) Pawan told me that if he will hear any news, he will phone me.
(c) Pawan told me if he had heard any news, he would phone me.
(d) Pawan told me that if he heard any news, he would phone me.
11. The teacher said to Mahesh, “Congratulations! Wish you success in life.”

(a) The teacher congratulated Mahesh and said wish you success in life.
(b) The teacher wished congratulations and success in life to Mahesh.
(c) The teacher said congratulations to Mahesh and wished him success in
life.
(d) The teacher Mahesh and wished him success in life congratulated.
12. The poor examinee said, “O God, take pity on me.”
(a) The poor examinee prayed God to take pity on him.
(b) The poor examinee, invoking God implored him to take pity on him.
(c) The poor examinee exclaimed that God take pity on him.
(d) The poor examine asked God to take pity on him.
13. “Where will you be tomorrow,” I said, “in case I have to ring you?”
(a) I asked where you will be the next day in case I will ring hint.
(b) I asked where he would be the next day in case I had to ring hint.
(c) I said to him where he will be in case I have to ring him.
(d) I enquired about his whereabouts the next day in case I would have to
ring up.
14. Seeta said to me, “Can you give me your pen?”
(a) Seeta asked me can I give her my pen.
(b) Seeta asked me if I can give me your pen.
(c) Seeta asked me if I could give her my pen.
(d) Seeta asked me if I gave her my pen.
15. The father warned his son that he should be beware of him.
(a) The father warned his son, “Beware of him!”
(b) The father warned his son, “Watch that chap!”
(c) The father warned his son. “Be careful about him.”
(d) The father warned his son, “Don’t fall into the trap.”
16. Manna asked Rohan, “Have you sat in a trolley bus before?”
(a) Manna asked Rohan whether he had sat in a trolley bus earlier.
(b) Manna asked Rohan had he sat in a trolley bus before.
(c) Manna asked Rohan if he sat on a trolley bus before.
(d) Manna asked Rohan if he has ever sat in a trolley bus.
17. Farhan asked Geeta, “Could you lend me a hundred rupees until tomorrow?”

(a) Farhan asked Geeta whether she could lend him a hundred rupees until
tomorrow.
(b) Farhan asked Geeta whether she could lend him a hundred rupees until
the next day.
(c) Farhan asked Geeta whether she could lend me a hundred rupees until the
next day.
(d) Farhan asked whether Geeta could lend me a hundred rupees until the
next day.
18. “What about going for a swim,” he said, “It’s quite fine now.”
(a) He asked me what about going for a swim as it was quite fine then.
(b) He proposed going for a swim as it was quite fine.
(c) He suggested going for a swim as it was quite fine.
(d) He advised me to go for a swim as it was quite fine.
19. “You can’t bathe in this sea,” he said to me “it’s very rough.”
(a) He said that I can’t bathe in this sea because it’s very rough.
(b) He said that you couldn’t bathe in that sea if it was very rough.
(c) He said that 1 couldn’t bathe in that sea as it was very rough.
(d) He said that you can’t bathe in this sea since it was very rough.
20. Jagdish said, “We passed by a beautiful lake when we went on a trip to Goa.”

(a) Jagdish said that they passed by a beautiful lake when they had gone on a
trip to Goa.
(b) Jagdish said that they had passed by a beautiful lake when they went on a
trip to Goa.
(c) Jagdish said that they had passed by a beautiful lake when they had gone
on a trip to Goa.
(d) Jagdish said they passed by a beautiful lake when they went on a trip to
Goa.
21. Ram said, “I always speak the truth.’’
(a) Ram said I always speak the truth.
(b) Ram said that he always speaks the truth.
(c) Ram said that he always spoke the truth.
(d) Ram said that he always had spoken the truth.
22. He said, “I don’t need this pen.”
(a) He said that he doesn’t need that pen.
(b) He said that he didn’t need this pen.
(c) He said that he didn’t need that pen.
(d) He said that I didn’t need that pen.
23. Ram said, “I am rich.”
(a) Ram said that I was rich.
(b) Ram said that he is rich.
(c) Ram said that he is rich.
(d) Ram said that he was rich.
24. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the cast.”
(a) The teacher said that the sun rose in the east.
(b) The teacher said that the sun had risen in the east.
(c) The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.
(d) The teacher said that the sun risen in the east.
25. Sohan said to me, “We have won the match.”
(a) Sohan told me we have won the match.
(b) Sohan told me if they have won the match.
(c) Sohan told me that they had won the match.
(d) Sohan said to me that they had won the match.
26. She said to me, “You lost my book.”
(a) She said to me that I lost my book,
(b) She told me that I lost her book.
(c) She told me that I had lost her book.
(d) She told me that she had lost my book.
27. He said to me, “You can take my slate.”
(a) He said to me that you could take his slate.
(b) He told me that I could take his slate.
(c) He told me that he could take my slate.
(d) He told me that I could take my slate.
29. The old man said, “God is everywhere.”
(a) The old man said that God was everywhere.
(b) The old man said that God has been everywhere.
(c) The old man asked that God is everywhere.
(d) The old man said that God is everywhere.
29. The old man said, “God is everywhere.”
(a) The old man said that God was everywhere.
(b) The old man said that God has been everywhere.
(c) The old man asked that God is everywhere.
(d) The old man said that God is everywhere.
30. The captain said, "Alas! our foes are too strong."
(a) The captain told that Alas! our foes are too strong.
(b) The captain told him that our foes are too strong.
(c) The captain exclaimed with sorrow that their foes were very strong.
(d) The captain exclaimed with sorrow that his foes were very strong.
31. Rama says, "Mohan is ill".
(a) Rama asks that Mohan is ill.
(b) Rama tells that Mohan is Ill.
(c) Rama says that Mohan is ill.
(d) None of the above
32. he said, "I am unwell."
(a) he told that he is unwell.
(b) He said that he was unwell.
(c) he tells that I am unwell.
(d) None of the above
33. I shall say again, "You stole Hari' s book."
(a) I said again that he stole hari' s book.
(b) I will say again that you stole hari' s book.
(c) I shall say again that you stole hari' s book.
(d) None of the above
34. The captain said, "Alas! our foes are too strong."
(a) The captain told that Alas! our foes are too strong.
(b) The captain told him that our foes are too strong.
(c) The captain exclaimed with sorrow that their foes were very strong.
(d) The captain exclaimed with sorrow that his foes were very strong.
35. He said, "I shall go as soon as possible".
(a) He said that he would go as soon as possible.
(b) He said that he would go as soon as it was possible.
(c) He said he would go as soon as it was possible.
(d) None of the above
36. He said, “By God, I am speaking the truth”.
(a) He swore by God and said that he is speaking the truth.
(b) He said that by God I am speaking the truth.
(c) He swore by God and said that he was speaking the truth.
(d) None of the above
37. The teacher said, "Mrs. Indira Gandhi died in 1984."
(a) The teacher told that Mrs. Indira Gandhi died in 1984
(b) The teacher said that Mrs. Indira Gandhi died in 1984.
(c) The teacher tells that Mrs. Indira Gandhi was died in 1984.
(d) None of the above
38. He said, "She has been reading for two hours."
(a) He told that she has been reading for two hours.
(b) he told that she had been reading for two hours.
(c) he said that she had been reading for two hours.
(d) None of the above
39. He said, "God is one."
(a) he said that god is one.
(b) he tells that god in one.
(c) he told that god in one.
(d) None of the above
40. He said, "My sister was doing her work."
(a) he told that his sister had doing her work.
(b) he told that his sister had been doing her work.
(c) he said that his sister had been doing her work.
(d) None of the above
41. He said, "Sheela will have been working till morning"?
(a) He told that Sheela would have been working till morning.
(b) He said that Sheela would have been working till morning.
(c) He said Sheela would have been workig till morning.
(d) None of the above
42. Viresh said, "I must reach the office before time as the Director is to visit the
factory."
(a) Viresh said that he had to reach his office before time as the Director was
to visit the factory.
(b) Viresh told that he had to reach his office before time as the Director was
to visit the factory.
(c) Viresh said that I had to reach his office before time as the Director was
to visit the factory.
(d) None of the above
43. Convert the sentence in indirect speech to direct speech – "He exclaimed sadly
that he was undone."
(a) He said, “I am undone.”
(b) He said I am undone.
(c) He said , “Alas. I am undone.”
(d) He said, “Alas ! I am undone.”
44. Convert the direct speech to indirect – She said, “Thank you !”
(a) She said to me thank you.
(b) She said thank you to me.
(c) She thanked me.
(d) She said that thank you!
45. What is the other name of Indirect speech?
(a) Quoted speech
(b) Reported speech
(c) Simple speech
(d) Principal speech
46. My cousin said, "My room-mate snored throughout the night."
(a) My cousin told me that her room-mate snored throughout the right.
(b) My cousin said that her room-mate had snored throughout the night.
(c) My cousin felt that her room-mate may be snoring throughout the night.
(d) None of the above
47. Shiv said to her, "May you succeed!"
(a) Shiv wished her success.
(b) Shiv told her that she might succeed.
(c) She prayed to God that she may succeed.
(d) None of the above
48. Mrs. Sharma said, "I know what it is to be depressed."
(a) Mrs. Sharma is depressed she said.
(b) Mrs. Sharma said that she knew what it was to be depressed.
(c) Mrs. Sharma knows what it is to be depressed.
(d) None of the above
49. Radha said, "I work here every day."
(a) Radha said that I work here every day.
(b) Radha said that she worked there everyday.
(c) Radha said that she worked everyday.
(d) None of the above
50. Ramesh said, "I went to school yesterday."
(a) Ramesh said that he had gone to school yesterday.
(b) Ramesh said that he had gone to school the previous day.
(c) Ramesh said that he had gone to school the next day.
(d) None of the above