Student Number
Biology
2022 YEAR 11
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
Staff Involved:
AM MONDAY 12TH SEPTEMBER
• KIP • KJH
• VBE • THC
• SLC • TKB
• RFY
150 copies
Section I – Multiple Choice
Write your Student Number at the top of this page
Choose the best response and fill in the response oval completely
Start
Here 1 A B C D 11 A B C D
2 A B C D 12 A B C D
3 A B C D 13 A B C D
4 A B C D 14 A B C D
5 A B C D 15 A B C D
6 A B C D
7 A B C D
8 A B C D
9 A B C D
10 A B C D
BLANK PAGE
Student Number
YEAR 11
2022 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
Biology
Staff Involved: AM MONDAY 12TH SEPTEMBER
• KIP • KJH
• VBE • THC
• SLC • TKB
• RFY
150 copies
General • Reading time – 5 minutes
• Working time – 2 hours
Instructions:
• Write your Student Number on all answer pages
• Write using black pen
• Draw diagrams using pencil
• For questions in Section II, show all relevant working in questions
involving calculations
• NESA approved calculators may be used
Total marks: Section I – 15 marks (pages 3 - 10)
• Attempt Questions 1 – 15
80
• Allow about 30 minutes for this section
Section II – 65 marks (pages 11 – 26)
• Attempt Questions 16 - 28
• Allow about 1 hour and 30 minutes for this section
Section I
15 marks
Attempt Questions 1 – 15
Allow about 30 minutes for this part
Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1 – 15.
Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question.
Fill in the response oval completely.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Sample 2 + 4 = A 2 B 6 C 8 D 9
A B C D
If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new
answer.
A B C D
If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then
indicate this by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows.
Correct
A B C D
_____________________________________________________________________________
2
1. A photograph of an onion epidermis under a microscope is shown.
Source: Reproduced with permission from Litchfield C (2021), Onion epidermus [photograph].
Which of the following cell components can be identified in the photograph?
A. cell wall and nucleus
B. nucleus and mitochondria
C. chloroplast, nucleus and cell wall
D. cell wall, nucleus and mitochondria
2. Different frogs, which all belong to the genus Lithobates, are found in the same forest. The
graph below shows their mating activity.
Based on the information, what kind of isolating mechanism is most likely keeping the
bullfrogs and wood frogs as separate species?
A. Geographic isolation through the presence of geographic barriers
B. Reproductive isolation through the production of infertile offspring
C. Reproductive isolation through species-specific courtship behaviour
D. Reproductive isolation through breeding at different times of the year
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3. One way to determine the age of a fossil is to use the rate of decay of carbon-14. The graph
below shows how carbon-14 decays over time.
A fossil snail was found to have 30% of its carbon-14 remaining. According to the above
graph, the age of the fossil is approximately
A. 5 000 years.
B. 10 000 years.
C. 15 000 years.
D. 20 000 years.
4. The graph below shows the pace at which evolution occurs in a species of butterfly.
The type of evolution represented above is
A. speciation.
B. artificial selection.
C. punctuated equilibrium.
D. inheritance of acquired characteristics.
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5. Animals and plants have adaptations that make them suited to their environment. Which
row of the table correctly classifies the adaptations shown by each species?
Structural Behavioural Physiological
Fennec foxes have
Cactus plants have Penguins huddle to keep
A. large ears that enable
limited numbers of warm.
them to dispel heat.
stomates.
Storks urinate on their
Fennec foxes have Camels can withstand a
own legs to cool their
B. large ears that enable body temperature of
bodies in a process
them to dispel heat. 40°C before they begin
called urohidrosis.
to sweat.
Camels can withstand a
Penguins huddle to keep Cactus plants have
C. body temperature of
warm. limited numbers of
40°C before they begin
stomates.
to sweat.
Storks urinate on their
Penguins have a layer of Camels can withstand a
own legs to cool their
D. thick feathers to keep body temperature of
bodies in a process
them warm. 40°C before they begin
called urohidrosis.
to sweat.
Use the following information to answer Questions 6 – 8.
A student wanted to investigate the effect of light on photosynthesis. They decided to measure the
production of starch in a leaf, as starch is a polymer made from glucose (a product of the
photosynthetic reaction). The student placed a plant in a cupboard for one week and another
identical plant on a sunlit windowsill for the same time period. At the end of the week, the student
boiled a leaf from each plant to break the cell walls and release chemicals from within the cells.
They then tested the leaves for the presence of starch by using iodine. When adding iodine, a colour
change from orange-brown to blue-black occurs if starch is present.
On the addition of iodine, the leaf from the plant that was kept on the sunlit windowsill turned
blue-black in colour, and the leaf from the plant that was kept in the cupboard remained orange-
brown in colour.
6. Which of the following is the most suitable hypothesis for the student’s investigation?
A. Light is required for photosynthesis to occur.
B. If a plant is green, then it will photosynthesise.
C. Chlorophyll is required for photosynthesis to occur.
D. If a plant is kept in a cupboard, then it will photosynthesise.
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7. Which of the following lists the variables that the student would need to keep controlled to
make the test valid?
A. amount of soil in each pot, amount of water added to each plant, amount of light each
plant was exposed to, genetics of the plants
B. amount of soil in each pot, amount of water added to each plant, genetics of the plants,
the cupboard one plant was placed in
C. amount of soil in each pot, amount of water added to each plant, amount of light each
plant was exposed to, amount of iodine added to each leaf
D. amount of soil in each pot, amount of water added to each plant, genetics of the plants,
amount of iodine added to each leaf
8. The student repeated the experiment THREE times and obtained similar results each time.
They repeated the experiment because repetition with
A. an average ensures validity in an investigation.
B. an average ensures an investigation is a fair test.
C. similar results improves accuracy in an investigation.
D. similar results improves reliability in an investigation.
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9. The photograph shows a cross section of an angiosperm leaf.
Source: Fayette A and Reynolds M S (14 August 2017), Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library. Accessed May 2022.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/146824358@N03/36408199682.
The function of the structure labelled X is
A. photosynthesis.
B. cellular respiration.
C. osmosis of water out of the leaf in transpiration.
D. diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the leaf.
10. Antibiotic resistance evolves because
A. doctors prescribe too many pills and people become immune to the antibiotics.
B. the agricultural sector uses too many antibiotics that magnify through the food chain.
Animals higher up in the food chain then become resistant to antibiotics.
C. mutations in bacterial cells can cause some bacteria to be resistant to antibiotics. Those
cells then survive and reproduce, making the bacterial population resistant to antibiotics.
D. antibiotics cause mutations in viruses which gives those cells an adaptive advantage.
Those cells then survive and reproduce, so the bacterial population becomes resistant.
7
11. What is the main function of a decomposer in an ecosystem?
A. Removing dead and decaying animals from the ecosystem
B. Breaking down molecules in dead and decaying organisms
C. Recycling matter into energy to be used by other organisms
D. Breaking down energy to release it back into the environment
12. The photograph shows a kudu (an African antelope) with an oxpecker bird on its back. The
kudu feeds on a shrub while the oxpecker feeds on ectoparasites such as ticks that live on the
kudu.
oxpecker bird
Source: Reproduced with permission from Litchfield C (2021), Kudu and oxpecker bird [photograph].
Which row of the table correctly identifies the ecological relationships shown in the
photograph?
Oxpecker eating ticks Ticks living on
Kudu eating shrub kudu
on kudu
A. herbivory commensalism mutualism
B herbivory mutualism parasitism
C. carnivorism commensalism predation
D. symbiosis mutualism parasitism
8
13. Living things require nitrogen
A. for energy.
B. to make proteins.
C. to make carbohydrates.
D. to facilitate photosynthesis.
14. Four fossil species are found within the profile.
According to this evidence, which is the youngest fossil?
A. sea snail
B. clam sp 1
C. clam sp 2
D. sea urchin
9
15. An investigation was carried out to measure water loss from a plant, at four different
temperatures.
The diagram shows the apparatus used.
The calcium chloride absorbs the water lost by the plant.
The table shows the results of this investigation.
The maximum mass of water lost from the plant in this investigation was
A. 27 g
B. 32 g
C. 117 g
D. 122 g
End of Section I
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