ELECTRICAL

INSTALLATION
AND
MAINTENANCEV
NC II

1
 TABLE CONTENTS
WEEK 1
INFORMATION SHEET 1.1
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS AND SAFETY……………………………5-6
SELF-CHECK……………………………………………………………..…………….…7
INFORMATION SHEET 1.2
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT………………………………..………..8-12
SELF-CHECK………………………………………………………………….…………13
INFORMATION SHEET 1.3
PRINCIPLE OF 5-S………………………………………………………..………..14-16
SELF-CHECK………………………………………………………………………...….17
INFORMATION SHEET 1.4
WORK IN TEAM ENVIRONMENT………………………………….…………….18-21
SELF-CHECK……………………………………………………………….………..…..22
INFORMATION SHEET 1.5
HANDTOOLS………………………………..……………………………………….23-27
SELF CHECK…………………………………………………………….……………….28
INFORMATION SHEET 1.6
COMMON SPLICES…………………………………………………………………29-30
INFORMATION SHEET 1.7
COMMON ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS……………………………….…………….31-33
SELF CHECK………………………………………………………………..…………...34
INFORMATION SHEET 1.8
GUIDELINES GOVERNING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH IN
THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY……………………………………………….35-40
SELF CHECK…………………………………………………………..…………………41
INFORMATION SHEET 1.9
TYPES OF CONDUITS………………..……………………………………………42-45
SELF CHECK…………………………………………………………………………….46
WEEK 2
INFORMATION SHEET 2.1
Plan and prepare work………………………………………...…………………..48-
49
Self-check …………………………………………………………………………….
…..50
INFORMATION SHEET 2.2
PEC/NEC Provision for Circuit
Protection………………………………………………..…..…….…………………51-52
Self-check……………………………………………………………………..53
INFORMATION SHEET 2.3
CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES OF FUSE……………………….
……………………………………………...54-62
INFORMATION SHEET 2.4
Types of safety switch enclosures…………………………………….…………63-
68

2
INFORMATION SHEET 2.5
Circuit breaker and panel board…………………………………...69-
78
Self-check……………………………………………….........................79
INFORMATION SHEET 2.6
Procedures in installing load center or breaker panel………… 80-
82
Self-
check………………………………………………………………………………....83
WEEK 3
INFORMATION 3.1
Install lighting fixture and auxiliary outlet………………………………..….85-89
INFORMATION 3.2
Install lightning
protection………………………………………………………………………..……90-
97
INFORMATION 3.3
Install grounding system………………………………………….……….…....98-
100
SELF CHECK……………………………………………………………………………101
WEEK 4
INFORMATION 4.1
ELECTRICAL WIRING DEVICES…………………………………..…………103-104
Self-check…………………………………………………………………..
…………...105
INFORMATION 4.2
TYPES OF ELECTRICAL SWITCHES…………………………………..……106-109
Self-check……………………………………………………………………….
……….110
INFRMATION 4.3
INSTALLING ELECTRICAL SWITCHES AND OUTLETS USING INSTRUCTION
MANUAL……………………………………………………………………………111-117
Self-check…………………………………………………..……………………………
118
INFORMATION SHEET 4.4
CLOSE CIRCUIT TELEVISION………………………………………………..119-121
Self-check…………………………………………………..………………..……122-
123
INFORMATION SHEET 4.5
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM…………………………………………….……………124-126
Self-check…………………………………………………………..
…………………...127

3
 WEEK 1
Performing roughing-in activities, wiring
and cabling works for single-phase
distribution, power, lighting and auxiliary
systems

4
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.1
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS AND SAFETY
Learning Objective
After this session we will be able to:
• Discuss and explain the common health hazards in the
workplace and their effects
• Recommend appropriate measures to monitor occupational or
work related health problems
___________________________________________________________________________
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARD
-may mean conditions that cause legally compensable illness or, it
may mean any conditions in the workplace that impair the health of
employees enough to make them lose time from work.
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE
 It is a disease caused by environmental factors, the exposure to
which is generally peculiar to a particular process,
trade/occupation.
CLASSES OF HEALTH HAZARDS
 Chemical
 Biological
 Environmental Conditions
 Ergonomic
CHEMICAL AGENTS
 Dusts, fibers (silica, cotton, coal, asbestos)
 Fumes (produced from condensation)
 Smoke (result of incomplete combustion)
 Mists (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc.)
 Gases (Chlorine, CO)
 Vapors (gasoline, alcohol, paint thinners)

BIOLOGICAL AGENTS PHYSICAL /

ENVIRONMENTAL
 Bacteria
AGENTS
 Viruses
 Fungi  Noise
 Mites
 Vibration
 Insects
 Parasites  Temperature
 Plants  Radiation
 Illumination
 Pressure

5
 ERGONOMIC

 Improperly adjusted
workstations and chairs.
 Frequent lifting.
 Poor posture.
 Awkward movements,
especially if they are
repetitive.
 Using too much force,
especially if it's done
frequently.
Occupational Health Hazards were ignored primarily because:
1. The presence of toxic agents could not be detected by ordinary
senses and the instrumentation designed for this purpose was
inadequate.
2. The effects of long-term exposure were not known, and the disease
quite often did not manifest until after many years of exposure.
3. Occupational disease went undetected because they often
resembled non-occupational-related conditions.
Severity of Exposure is determined by:
 Nature of materials/substance
 Intensity of exposure
 Duration of exposure
 Individual susceptibility
Manner of Attack/Entry on the Body
 Inhalation
 Through the skin
 Ingestion
PREVENTIVE CONTROL MEASURE
1. Eliminate sources of contamination or reduce the amount
2. Prevent Contamination Dispersion
a. Isolate the hazardous process
b. Enclose the hazardous process
c. Wet methods
d. Local exhaust ventilation
e. Worker education
3. Protect workers
a. General ventilation
b. Personal protective equipment

6
 SELF CHECK 1.1
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS

I. DIRECTION: Match the given example of health hazards. Write the

correct letter in the blank

A B
______1. DUST AND FUMES A. ERGONOMICS

______2. NOISE, VIBRATION AND B. CHEMICAL AGENTS

RADIATION C. ENVIRONMENTAL

______3. BACTERIA, FUNGUS AND VIRUS AGENTS

______4. AWKWARD MOVEMENTS D. BIOLOGICAL AGENTS

______5. TEMPERATURE

II. DIRECTION: INDICATE IF THE STATEMENT IS TRUE OR FALSE

1. Occupational Health Hazards were ignored because the presence of

toxic agents could not be detected by ordinary senses and the
instrumentation designed for this purpose was inadequate. T/F?

2. OH program is the branch of preventive medicine that aims to

promote and maintain the highest degree of physical, mental and
social well-being of workers in all occupation. T/F?

3. Occupational disease is a disease caused by environmental factors,

the exposure to which is generally peculiar to a particular process,
trade or occupation. T/F?

4. Occupational health hazard is a conditions that cause legally

compensable illness or, it may mean any conditions in the
workplace that impair the health of employees enough to make
them lose time from work. T/F?

7
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.2
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Learning Objectives
After this session we will be able to:
• Overview the definition of PPE
• Types of PPE
• Appropriate selection of PPE
• Recognize the importance of PPE
___________________________________________________________________________
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
- Personal protective equipment is any physical material or
equipment that is placed between the employee and workplace
hazards to reduce the injury potential of the hazard.
- PPE is to be selected and provided to employees assigned duties
where hazards cannot be sufficiently abated or removed to prevent
occupational injury or illness.
 Assess the workplace for hazards that cannot be
sufficiently minimized or deleted. Managers,
supervisors, and employees should be involved in this
process Identification process should be ongoing

RESPONSIBILITIES
 Management Shall:
 Provide PPE and training for personnel
 Post areas requiring PPE with signs
 Ensure full compliance of responsibilities of
employees, set forth in the safety program and/ or
policies.
 Supervisors Shall:
• Ensure that appropriate PPE is available to
employees
• Ensure PPE is properly used
 Employees Shall:
• Use PPE in accordance with instruction and
training received.
• Guard against damage to PPE

 Employees Shall:
 Care for their PPE properly
 Report PPE malfunctions or problems to
supervisory personnel
 Follow safe work practices while working with
hazardous materials and wastes

HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND EQUIPMENT SELECTION

Health and Safety Committee/Supervisors identify the sources of
hazards
o Impact Penetration

8
 o Noise Chemical
o Heat Dust
o Electrical Material handling

TYPES OF Personal Protective Equipment

Leather Safety Gloves
 An item made of cloth, rubber, and leather, covering all
or part of the hand and fingers, but allowing independent
movement of the fingers. Usually use by electrician in
lifting object and connecting live wires

Hard Hat or Skull Guard

Protect the head from falling debris and sharp objects
Note: WHITE - For surveyors and management
BLUE - For Electricians
YELLOW – Laborers

Ear Protector (Earmuffs)

Earmuffs are objects designed to cover a person's ears for
protection. They consist of a thermoplastic or metal head-
band, that fits over the top of the head, and a pad at each
end, to cover the external ears

Face Mask
Protect against fine non-toxic dusk and fumes

Safety Goggles
For general purpose use in protecting the eye, especially
when using angle Grinder, drilling machine and other
rotating machine that prone to eye injury.

Safety Site shoes

A durable boots or shoes that have a protective reinforcement
in the toe, usually combined with a sole plate, which protect
the foot from falling objects and punctures from below.
Traditionally made of steel, the reinforcement can also be
made of a
composite material, or a plastic such as thermal
polyurethane (TPU). Steel-toe boots are important in the
construction industry and in many industrial settings.

High Visibility Vest/Waistcoat

9
 A type of collarless upper-body garment use by a worker for safety. There
are a variety of similar garments that can be referred to as vests, but may
go by other names in different countries.

High Visibility Trousers

An item of clothing worn on the lower part of the body,
covering both legs separately Historically, trousers have
been the standard lower-body clothing use for safety.

Scaffold Netting
Use to avoid falling articles cause to damage below
scaffolds

Karabiner
Made from aluminum steel with screw gate lock, it is
use to secure anchor loop.

Shock absorbing Lanyard

A 12mm Polyamide rope, absorbing Lanyard with screw
gate Karabiner and scaffold hook use secure the harness

Fall Arrest Harness

One size fits all, use to secure
electrician from falling

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS

RULE 1080 - Personal Protective Equipment and RULE 1084 - Head Protection
Devices RULE 1085 - Hand and Arm Protection
RULE 1081 - General Provisions RULE 1086 - Safety Belts, Life Lines and
RULE 1082 - Eye and Face Protection Safety Nets
RULE 1083 - Respiratory Protection RULE 1087 - Safety Shoes

EYE & FACE PROTECTION Work Requiring PPE

10
 Working with Molten Metals Working with Liquid
Chemicals
Working with Hazardous Gases Working with Flying
Particles
Working with Injurious Radiant Energy

HEAD PROTECTION Hard Hat

Class A - Protection from Falling Objects, Class B - Against fall of a

wearer from certain height
Class AB - Combination of category A and B
Class AE - Falling articles and electricity
Class ABE - Combination of AE and B

HAND PROTECTION Gloves

 Tape tops or fold to keep liquids out and off skin
 Vinyl, rubber, or neoprene are adequate for most chemicals
 May need synthetic gloves for petroleum based products
 Vibration absorbing gloves work well
 Leather or cotton are appropriate for most abrasive jobs
 Never wear metal reinforced gloves around electrical work
 Be sure gloves fit! Gloves too large or too small can lead to injuries

FOOT PROTECTION Boots & Shoes

 Steel toed safety shoes and boots
 Puncture proof soles
 Non-conductive for electrical work
 Rubber or synthetic footwear around chemicals
Class H - Heavy work
Class S - Normal work
Class L - Light work

HEARING PROTECTION
 Common workplace injury
 Gradual increase over time
 Damage can be caused without pain
 Incorrect protection or protection worn incorrectly can be equally
damaging

YOU NEED PROTECTION WHEN

 Workplace Sounds Are Irritating
 You Must Raise your Voice to Be Heard from Two Feet Away
 Ears Ringing After Leaving Work
 Sound Levels Reach 85 Decibels Over an Eight-Hour Period
 Short Bursts of High-Pitched, Loud, or Continuous Sounds

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

11
 Respiratory Protection Is Generally Afforded by The Proper Selection
and Use of Respirators
 Respiratory Protection Is Covered Extensively in A Specific Standard

SAFETY BELTS LIFE LINES

 Belts anchors shall be made of metal machined from bar stock
forged or heat treated, capable of supporting a pull of 2730 kgs.
(6,000 lbs.).
 Life lines shall be made of good quality manila rope of at least 1.9
cm. (3/4 in.) diameter or equivalent material such as nylon rope of
at least 1.27 cm. (1/2 in.) diameter and shall be of sufficient
strength to support a weight of 1140 kgs. (2,500 lbs) without
breaking.

TRAINING AREAS
 When to wear PPE
 What PPE is to be worn
 How to don, doff, and adjust PPE
 The limitations of PPE
 The care and maintenance of PPE
 The useful life and disposal of PPE

STORAGE OF PPE
PPE shall be properly stored to protect against environmental
conditions that might reduce the effectiveness of the equipment.
PPE having a Shelf-life limitation shall be checked periodically to
ensure compliance with the expiration date.

RECORD KEEPING
 Written records shall be kept of the names of persons trained.
 Supervisors shall maintain training records for at least 3 yrs.
 H&S Committee shall maintain HAC form for each site evaluation for
at least 3 yrs.

12
 Self-CHECK 1.2
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Direction: Chose the correct answer to each statement below.

1. Wearing the right _________________ in the right way, at the right time
could save a worker’s life.
A. Emergency Shutdown Device (ESD)
B. Globally Harmonized System (GHS)
C. Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
D. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

2. Eye and face protection protects workers from hazards like _________.
A. Crushing
B. Falling
C. Liquid chemicals
D. Rolling

3. Workers must ________ PPE before each use.

A. Categorize
B. Inspect
C. Tag out
D. Mar

4. Personal Protective Equipment is required when -

A. Employers suffer an injury
B. The employees suffer an injury
C. An employee asks for it
D. Engineering, work practice, and administrative controls do not
provide sufficient protection
against hazards
5. Hearing protection is required when you are exposed to a noise level of
85 decibels or higher for an 8-hour period of time.
A. True
B. False

13
 INFRORMATION SHEET 1.3
PRINCIPLE OF 5-S

Learning Objective
At the end of the session, we are expected to:
• Define and understand what is 5’S means
• Enumerate and explain the 5’s in its correct order
• Identify 5’S related concern in your work place
• Conceptualize and implement suggestions that would solve or
at least minimize disorder in your workplace
___________________________________________________________________________
What is 5S?
- 5S is a system for organizing spaces so work can be performed
efficiently, effectively, and safely. This system focuses on putting
everything where it belongs and keeping the workplace clean, which
makes it easier for people to do their jobs without wasting time or
risking injury

ENGLISH JAPAN TAGALOG

SEIRI SORT SURIIN

SEITON SET IN ORDER SINUPIN

SEISO SHINE SIMUTIN

SEIKETSU STANDARDIZE SIGURADUHIN ANG

KALINISAN
SHITSUKE SUSTAIN SARILING KUSA

Benefits of 5S
- Reduced costs
- Higher quality
- Increased productivity
- Greater employee satisfaction
- A safer work environment

What Are the 5 S's?

- The 5S concept might sound a little abstract at this point, but in
reality it's a very practical, hands-on tool that everyone in the
workplace can be a part of.
- 5S involves assessing everything present in a space, removing
what's unnecessary, organizing things logically, performing
housekeeping tasks, and keeping this cycle going. Organize, clean,
repeat

14
 SORT/ SEIRI

The first step of 5S, Sort, involves going through all the tools, furniture,
materials, equipment, etc. in a work area to determine what needs to be
present and what can be removed. Some questions to ask during this
phase include:
 What is the purpose of this item?
 When was this item last used?
 How frequently is it used?
 Who uses it?
 Does it really need to be here?

These questions help determine the value of each item. A workspace

might be better off without unnecessary items or items used infrequently.
These things can get in the way or take up space. When a group has
determined that some items aren't necessary, consider the following
options:
 Give the items to a different department
 Recycle/throw away/sell the items
 Put items into storage
SET IN ORDER/SEITON

Once the extra clutter is gone, it's easier to see what's what. Now work
groups can come up with their own strategies for sorting through the
remaining items. Things to consider:
 Which people (or workstations) use which items?
 When are items used?
 Which items are used most frequently?
 Should items be grouped by type?
 Where would it be most logical to place items?
 Would some placements be more ergonomic for workers than
others?
 Would some placements cut down on unnecessary motion?
 Are more storage containers necessary to keep things organized?
SHINE/SEISO

The Shine stage of 5S focuses on cleaning up the work area, which means
sweeping, mopping, dusting, wiping down surfaces, putting tools and
materials away, etc.
Also involves performing regular maintenance on equipment and
machinery.

STANDARDIZE/SEIKETSU

Standardize assigns regular tasks, creates schedules, and posts

instructions so these activities become routines. It makes standard
operating procedures for 5S so that orderliness doesn't fall by the
wayside.

15
 SUSTAIN/SHITSUKE

Sustain refers to the process of keeping 5S running smoothly, but also of

keeping everyone in the organization involved. Managers need to
participate, as do employees out on the manufacturing floor, in the
warehouse, or in the office. Sustain is about making 5S a long-term
program, not just an event or short-term project. Ideally, 5S becomes a
part of an organization's culture. And when 5S is sustained over time,
that's when businesses will start to notice continuous positive results.

16
 SELF CHECK 1.3
PRINCIPLE OF 5-S

Direction: Chose the correct answer to each statement below.

1. what is the purpose of the 5s in the workplace?

A. cleanliness
B. efficiency
C. organization
D. all of the above
2. which one of these is not part of the 5s?
A. system
B. set in order
C. sort
D. standardize
3. this is distinguishing between necessary and unnecessary things, and
getting rid of what you do not need.
A. sort
B. standardize
C. sustain
D. set in order
4. this is setting up for a neat, clean, workplace
A. sort
B. standardize
C. sustain
D. set in order
5. when should you do 5s?
A. for an inspection
B. all the time, continuously
C. spring cleaning
D. when a visitor comes to your workplace

17
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.4
WORK IN TEAM ENVIRONMENT

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this session you will be able to

• List the factors influencing the teamwork and its effectiveness

• Describes the characteristics of an effective team
___________________________________________________________________________

Teamwork - a group of people with complementary skills who are

committed to a common mission, performance goals and
approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.

How to Work Effectively in a Team Environment

A team environment is one in which brainstorming, collaboration and joint
projects are the norms. This type of dynamic can be beneficial and
rewarding if everyone communicates well and pulls their weight. Working
effectively in a team environment requires tact, patience, and a
willingness to work in concert with your colleagues.
Get into the Right Mindset
When you work independently, you typically set your schedule, tackle
projects in a manner that suits your preferences, and are solely
responsible for outcomes. In a team environment, ideas are shared,
workloads divided, and group consensus is required to act effectively
when determining project scope and direction. Understanding and
committing to this group dynamic puts you in the right frame of mind for a
teamwork environment.
Agree to Agree
Teams are expected to produce results, so team members must all be on
the same page when it comes to common goals and objectives. Effective
approaches involve an identified project, an agreed-upon agenda of work,
and a division of labor. It is often helpful to designate one member of the
team as the group leader to facilitate organization and provide direction.
Be Respectful of Each Other
You’re never going to agree with everyone in a team environment.
However, it’s important to be respectful of others' opinions and to
recognize that in a group, there is not one single right way to approach a
project. Raise legitimate questions or concerns, but don’t belittle
colleagues or call them out for what you consider to be bad ideas. It's
majority rule in most team environments, so chances are if an idea is off
base, others in the group will speak up as well.
Don’t Be a Slacker
Even when specific roles and responsibilities are assigned to team
members, there’s going to be some overlap. Someone will work a little
more and someone will work a little less than the others. While you
shouldn’t jump in to pick up every dropped ball on a project, make an

18
effort to contribute at 100 percent, meet deadlines, and be willing to lend
a hand to advance the team’s initiatives when needed.

Don’t Gossip About Others

Gossiping about team members only leads to a sense of distrust, which
can potentially derail the good work you’re trying to accomplish. If you
have a problem with a team member, discuss it privately or involve your
team leader. Don’t segregate into smaller groups within the team. This
action only fragments efforts and creates an uncomfortable and
unproductive working environment.
Recognize the Contributions of Others
There’s no “I” in team, but that doesn’t mean members don’t like to be
singled out for their positive efforts and contributions. Acknowledge the
work of others and express your appreciation for their creativity and
insight. It infuses the team with enthusiasm and creates a sense of
camaraderie that is valuable as you work collectively as a unit.
An environment of teamwork has the potential to produce exceptional
results, as well as provide dynamic and interesting work experiences.
Approach this type of opportunity with tact, diplomacy and
professionalism to ensure optimal results.
The five elements of successful teamwork
1. Communication:
Effective communication is the most important part of teamwork and
involves consistently updating each person and never assuming that
everyone has the same information. Being a good communicator also
means being a good listener. By listening to your colleagues you show
them respect, which is an essential trust-building method. Offering
encouragement also goes a long way to getting the best out of team
members. Collaborating and being open to new ideas are also essential
ingredients for a harmonious team environment.
2. Delegation:
Teams that work well together understand the strengths and weaknesses
of each team member. One of the benefits of strong teamwork is that
team leaders and members are adept at identifying all aspects of a
project and allocating tasks to the most appropriate team members.
3. Efficiency:
A strong and cohesive team develops systems that allow them to
collaborate efficiently to complete tasks in a timely manner. Through
working together, colleagues will be aware of their own capabilities and
the capabilities of the group in general, and can organize the workload
accordingly.
4. Ideas:
When a team works well together, colleagues feel more comfortable
offering suggestions and ideas. A respectful and trusting team
environment will not only enable colleagues to think more creatively, but
will lead to more productive and collaborative brainstorming sessions.
5. Support:
All workplaces provide challenges, but having a strong team environment
in place can act as a support mechanism for staff members. They can help

19
each other improve their own performance as well as working together
toward improving their professional development. Building bonds on trust
and reliance on each other can be extremely important when facing a
particularly difficult challenge or if the group is forced to deal with the loss
of a team member while continuing to maintain productivity.
BENEFITS OF TEAMWORK
1. Fosters Creativity and Learning
Creativity thrives when people work together on a team.
Brainstorming ideas as a group prevents stale viewpoints that often come
out of working solo. Combining unique perspectives from each team
member creates more effective selling solutions.
2. Blends Complementary Strengths
Working together lets employees build on the talents of their
teammates. While your strength may be creative thinking, a coworker
might shine in organization and planning. Do not hesitate to share your
abilities with the team.
3. Builds Trust
Relying on other people builds trust, and teamwork establishes
strong relationships with coworkers. Despite occasional disagreements, an
effective team enjoys working together and shares a strong bond. When
you put your trust in a coworker, you are establishing the foundation of a
relationship that can endure minor conflicts
4. Teaches Conflict Resolution Skills
Conflicts inevitably happen when you put together a group of
unique people. Employees come from varied backgrounds and have
different work styles and habits.
5. Promotes a Wider Sense of Ownership
Team projects encourage employees to feel proud of their
contributions. Working toward achieving company goals allows employees
to feel connected to the company. This builds loyalty, leading to a higher
level of job satisfaction among employees.
6. Encourages Healthy Risk-Taking
Working as a team allows team members to take more risks, as
they have the support of the entire group to fall back on in case of failure.
Conversely, sharing success as a team is a bonding experience. Once a
team succeeds together, their brainstorming sessions will produce
revolutionary ideas without hesitation. In many cases, the riskiest idea
turns out to be the best idea. Teamwork allows employees the freedom to
think outside the box.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A TEAM

1. Great teammates are selfless. They put the goals of the team
and the organization above their own. They will do whatever it takes
to help the team succeed.
2. Great teammates are scrappy. They hustle and scramble to do
what the team needs. They’re undeterred by setbacks and keep
pushing for the ultimate goal.

20
3. Great teammates are humble. They don’t talk about how smart
they are or how good they are. They talk about how great the team
is and how much the team has accomplished.
4. Great teammates are sincere. They aren’t fake. They don’t put
on false pretenses. They’re just honest, good-hearted people who
care about those around them.
5. Great teammates have high expectations. They set ambitious
goals and achieve them. They don’t settle but instead challenge
themselves and others to constantly get better.
6. Great teammates are innovative. They know that there’s more
than one way to do any job. They’re willing to try new ideas and
take chances. They understand that taking risks can lead to big
breakthroughs.
7. Great teammates are hard workers. They are willing to go the
extra mile. No job is beneath them if it will help the team succeed.
They just roll up their sleeves and do what’s necessary.
8. Great teammates are optimistic. They see the positive in every
situation and believe in their ability to succeed. They don’t waste
time complaining about the hand they’ve been dealt but instead
endeavor to change it. They get others to see the opportunity and
rally around their optimism.
9. Great teammates treat others with respect. They understand
that everyone has something to contribute regardless of position or
status. They make others feel good about themselves and their role
on the team.
10. Great teammates collaborate. They understand that much
more can be achieved as a team than can be achieved individually.
They contribute their talents and experience to a group effort.
They’re capable of working with others for the common good.
11. Great teammates are self-motivated. They take pride in
their work, and the satisfaction of doing it well drives their actions.
They inspire those around them with their dedication and effort.
12. Great teammates are passionate. They love what they do,
and it shows. They bring an infectious intensity and joy to their
work.
13. Great teammates lead by example. Their actions speak
louder than their words. They don’t talk about what they’re going to
do; they just do it.

21
 SELF CHECK 1.4
WORK IN TEAM ENVIRONMENT

DIRECTION: INDICATE IF THE STATEMENT IS TRUE OR FALSE

1. Being a good communicator also means being a good listener. T/F

2. When a team works well together, colleagues feel more comfortable

offering suggestions and ideas. T/F

3. The Quality of ideas is the major concern during brainstorming. T/F

4. Teamwork is the willingness people have to work with others toward

common goals. T/F

5. Team members must have both qualities: positive motivation and

teamwork to work effectively. T/F

22
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.5
HANDTOOLS

ELECTRICAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Electrical task can be accomplished systematically to save time,
effort, and resources. Most of the work cannot be done using bare hands.
To do the task, electrical tools or equipment are needed to perform the
job. This lesson will discuss the function/use of each tool or equipment
used in electrical wiring installations.
The following are common electrical tools and equipment
needed in the installation of electrical wiring.

I. SCREW DRIVERS. These tools are made of steel

hardened and tempered at the tip used to loosen or
tighten screws with slotted heads. They come in
various sizes and shapes.

A. Standard/Flat Screw Driver. The blade tip is

wedge-shaped and resembles a negative (-)
sign. This is used to drive screws with a single
slot head.

B. Philips Screw Driver. This has a cross tip

resembling a positive (+) sign. This is used to
drive screws with cross slot heads.

C. Stubby Screw Driver. It comes in either

Standard or Philips screw driver with short
shank or blade and a shorted handle used to
turn screws in tight space where standard
screw driver cannot be used.

D. Allen Screw Driver/Wrench. This could be in

the shape of a screw driver or a wrench. Its
function is to drive screw with hexagonal slot
head.
II. HAMMERS. These are tools used in driving or
pounding and pulling out nails. They are made of hard
steel, wood, plastic or rubber. The following are types
of hammer:
A. Claw hammer
B. Mallet (rubber head)
C. Ballpeen hammer
III. PLIERS. These made from metal with insulators in
the handle and are used for cutting, twisting, bending,
holding, and gripping wires and cables.

23
 A. Combination Pliers (Lineman’s Pliers). This is
used for gripping, holding, and cutting electrical
wires and cables and even small nails. They are
usually used by linemen in doing heavy tasks.
B. Side Cutting Pliers. This type of pliers is used
for cutting fine, medium and big wires and
cables.

C. Long Nose Pliers. This is used for cutting and

holding fine wires. This can reach tight space or
small opening where other pliers cannot reach
and also used in making terminal loops of
copper wires.
IV. Wire Stripper- A tool used for removing insulation
of medium sized wires ranging from gauge #10 to
gauge #16.

V. Electrician’s Knife. This is used by linemen to

remove insulation of wire and cables in low and high
voltage transmission lines.

VI. Portable Electric drill. A small drilling machine

with a chuck capacity of ¼‖ to 3/8‖. It is used in making
holes on metal sheets and concrete walls.

VII. Hacksaw. This tool is used to cut metal conduit

and armored cable.

24
 ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES AND MATERIALS

Electrical materials are developed and constructed for a special purpose such as to:
1. control the flow of current in an electrical circuit;
2. carry electrical current from the source to the load or current consuming apparatus;
3. hold and secure wires to its fixtures inside and outside houses and buildings; and
4. protect the houses, buildings, appliances’ and instruments from any destruction and damage.
The following are the most commonly used electrical materials.
DESCRIPTION PICTURES

Convenience outlet- a device that acts as a convenient

source of electrical energy for current consuming appliances. It
is where
the male plug of an appliance is inserted and usually fastened Flush type
on the wall or connected in an extension cord. It maybe single, Surface type
duplex, triplex or multiplex and could be surface type or flush
type.
Male plug- a device inserted to a
convenience outlet to conduct electric current. A flat cord is
attached to it on one end and the other end is connected to a
current consuming instrument or appliance.

Lamp holders/ Receptacles - devices that hold and

protect the lamp and are also called as “Lamp
Sockets/Receptacles‖”. These come in many designs and sizes.
They are classified as flush, hanging (weather proof/chain) and
surface types.
Flush type Hang type

25
Switch - a device that connects and
disconnects the flow of electric current in a circuit. There are
many shapes, designs, and types and they are classified as Surface type
hanging, flush, and surface types.

Fuse - a circuit protective device that

automatically blows and cut the current when and over load or CARTRIDGE
short circuit happens.

Circuit Breaker - a protective device used to automatically

blows and cuts the current when trouble in the circuit such as
short circuit or overload occurs.

Junction Box - an octagonal shaped

electrical material where the connections or joints of wires are
being done. It is also where the flush type lamp holder is
attached. This could be made of metal or plastic (PVC) Plastic
Polyvinylchloride. Metal

Utility Box - a rectangular shaped metallic or plastic (PVC)

material in which flush type convenience outlet and switch are
attached.
Metal Plastic
Flat Cord- Is a duplex stranded wire used for temporary wiring
installation and commonly used in extension cord assembly. It
comes in a roll of 150 meters and with sizes of gauge # 18 and
gauge # 16 AWG (American wire gauge).

26
Electrical Wire/Conductor- electrical material that could be:
a. Stranded wire which is made of multiple strands joined
together to make a single wire. stranded
b. Solid wire is made of a single strand of copper or aluminum
wire. These are used in wiring installation inside and outside
the buildings.
solid

Conduits/Pipes- electrical materials used as the passage of

wires for protection and insulation. These could be rigid Flexible Non-metallic conduit or
metallic, flexible metallic conduit (FMC), rigid nonmetallic corrugated plastic conduit (CPC)
(PVC), and flexible non-metallic or
corrugated plastic conduit (CPC) Metallic conduit

Clamps- electrical materials used to hold and anchor electrical

conduits in its proper position.

Plastic clamp Metal clamp

Connectors- used to attach metallic or non-metallic conduit to

the junction or utility boxes
Plastic connector metal connector

27
 Self-check 1.5
HANDTOOLS

I Identification: Identify the following tools, and equipment use in

electrical installation. Write your answers on the space provided before
each item.
Column A Column B
1. 6.

2. 7.

3. 8.

4. 9.

5. 10.

28
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.6
COMMON SPLICES AND JOINTS WIRE

Introduction
As a student in Electrical Installation and Maintenance you should
acquire the important knowledge and skills in wire splices and joints and
should be familiar with the actual application of every splice and joint.
This will serve as your tool in performing actual wiring installation. Of
course, another factor is the knowledge in interpreting and analyzing the
wiring diagram especially if the circuit is complicated.
The following are the Common Electrical Wire Splices and Joints.
Wire splices Description

Rat Tail or Pig Tail. This kind of joint is

commonly used to join two or more conductors
inside the junction box. It is suitable for service
where there is no mechanical stress when wires
are to be connected in an outlet box, switch, or
conduit fitting.

Y-splice. This method of wrapping is generally

used on small cables because the strands are
flexible and all can be wrapped in one operation.

Knotted tap. This is used where the tap

wire is under heavy tensile stress

Plain tap joint. This is used where the

tap wire is under considerable tensile stress
circuit.

Aerial tap. This is used as a temporary tap

usually done in constructions sites. The easy
twist will facilitate tap wire movement

Duplex cross joint. This is a two-tap wire

turned simultaneously and is used where the two
tap wire is under heavy tensile stress.

Western Union Short-tie Splice. This is the

most widely used splice or joint in interior wiring
installation to extend the length of wire from one
point to another.
Western Union Long Tie. This is used
extensively for outside wiring to extend the
length of wire from one end to another.

29
 Cross joint. The same application is done as in
plain tap and the only difference is that this tap
is a combination of two plain taps place side by
side with each other.

Wrapped Tap or Tee Joint. This is used on

large solid conductors where it is difficult to wrap
the heavy tap wire around the main wire.

WIRE TERMINATION
is an electrical industry term used to describe the specific point at which a
conductive device, such as, wire or cable. A wire typically ends or terminates, at the
terminal block; but the electricity or signal may be passed onto the terminal connectors.
Wire termination methods:
1. Soldering- is a process in which two or more metal items are joined together by
melting and then flowing a filler metal into the joint- the filler metal having a
relativity low melting point.
Crimping is joining 2 pieces of metal or other ductile material (usually a wire and a
metal plate) by deforming one or both of them to hold the other

TASK SHEET 1.6

Title: SKINNING OF WIRE USING DIFFERENT TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Performance Objective: Given the materials needed you should be able to skin a
wire using different tools and equipment.

Supplies/Materials : Combination Plier, Side cutting plier, Long nose plier, Wire
stripper, Electrician’s knife, Solid and stranded copper wires of different sizes; #14,
#12, #10
Equipment : n/a

1. Skin a wire using an electrician’s knife, about 1 to

1 ½ inches long.
.

2. Skin a wire using combination and side cutting

pliers about 1 ½ inches long. Make sure that there
will be no knick (deep cut across the wire) on your
skinned wires

3. Remove insulators using wire

30
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.7
COMMON ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS

Electrical Symbols are small drawings or pictograms used to

represent various electrical devices in a diagram or plan of an
electrical circuit. These symbols are used in sketching schematic
diagrams and electrical plans for numerous types of electrical works.
Practically any electrical fixture found in a house has a symbol
that coincides to said fixture on an electrical wiring diagram. These
are very useful guide for an electrician or electrical contractor, thus,
making the wiring easier to install as well.
The following are common electrical symbols used in sketching
wiring plan and diagram.

31
ELECTRICAL SIGNS
Your power tool with its manual may contain "WARNING ICONS" (a
picture symbol intended to alert
you to, and/or to instruct you how
to avoid a potentially hazardous
condition). Knowing and
understanding these symbols will
help you operate your tool better
and more safely.
Electrical signs and stickers alert
students, workers, and visitors to
electrical hazards in the area.
Alerting workers to high voltage
areas, electrical hazards, power
lines and other electrical equipment in the area, can help prevent fires
and injuries. Proper electrical signs can inform workers of the dangers in
the area.

ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAM

The flow of current in a conductor or wire can be represented by
diagram. There are two types of diagram: pictorial diagram and
schematic diagram.

A. Pictorial diagram is a sketch of electrical circuit that shows the

external appearance of each component. It is much like a photograph of
the circuit and uses simple images of parts.

B. Schematic diagram is a sketch showing the components of the circuit

using standard electrical symbols. It shows the actual number of
components and how the wiring is routed but not the actual location.

C. Types of Circuit
1. Series Circuit is a circuit in
which lamps are arranged in a
chain, so that the current has only
one path to take. The current is
the same through each load.
Example of this is the Christmas
lights. It consists of a number of
bulbs that are connected side by
side to meet the voltage
requirement which is 220 volts for
alternating current.

32
2. Parallel Circuit is a circuit in which lamps are connected across the
wires. The voltage across each load on parallel circuit is the same. The
advantage of using parallel circuit is that even if one of the lamps fails,
still the remaining lamps will function.

33
 SELF-CHECK 1.7
COMMON ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS

Analyze electrical symbols and signs.

A. Directions: Match the electrical symbols in Column A to their
corresponding descriptions in Column B. Write the letter of your
answer in the space provided before each number.

B. Directions: draw the schematic diagram of the following

1. Two bulbs connected in series controlled by a single pole switch
using direct current.
2. Four bulbs connected in parallel controlled by a single pole
switch using alternating current.

34
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.8
Guidelines Governing Occupational Safety and Health in the
Construction Industry: Provisions Concerning Electrical Protection
and lighting System

The Branch Circuit

Electric circuit refers to the complete path traversed by an electric

current. In short, electric circuit is the entire house wiring
installation.

Branch circuit is defined by the National Electrical Code (NEC) as:

“the circuit conductors between the final over current surge
protective device and the outlets”. Meaning, the branch circuit is only
the wiring installed between the circuit over current device i.e. fuse or
circuit breaker, and the outlets.

In practice however, it is a common knowledge that the branch

circuit comprises the following:

1. The source of voltage

2. The wiring
3. The load
4. The switch

Circuitry design varies according to the number of designers.

However, good circuitry design is based on the following considerations:

1. Flexibility of the circuit

2. Reliability and efficiency of service
3. Safety of the circuitry
4. Economy as to cost
5. Energy consideration
6. Space allocation

Flexibility of the circuit means that the installation can accommodate

all probable pattern arrangements and location if the loads for expansion,
or future development.

Reliability and efficiency of service means to have a continuous

service supply of power that are all dependent on wiring system.

Reliability of electric power in a facility is determined by two factors:

1. The utility service

2. Building electric system

35
Safety means that independent service can be used in line of emergency
equipment as backup for normal service. For reliability of the circuitry, the
following principles should be considered:

1. To provide double emergency power equipment at selected weak

points in the system.
2. That the electrical service and the building distribution system must
act together so that the power can reach the desired point of
service.
3. Critical loads within the facility must be pinpointed to determine the
best way to serve them by providing a reliable power either from
the outside source, or by standby power package for them.
4. The system design must readily detect any equipment failure and to
be corrected automatically.

Economy refers to the initial cost as well as the operating costs. These
two cost-factors stand in inverse relationship to another. Over design is a
bad as under design. It is wasteful both on initial and operating costs.

The Effect of Acquiring Low Cost Equipment

1. High energy cost

2. Higher maintenance cost
3. Shorter life

Energy consideration is a complex one considering the following factors:

1. Energy laws and codes

2. Budget
3. Energy conservation technique
4. Energy control

Space allocation must consider the following:

1. Easy maintenance
2. Ventilation
3. Expandability
4. Centrality
5. Limitation of access

Branch circuit- the branch circuit is classified into:

1. General purpose branch circuit

2. Appliance branch circuit
3. Individual branch circuit

The National Electrical Code defines the different types of circuit as

follows:

36
 1. General purpose branch circuit supplies outlets for lighting and
appliances, including convenience receptacles
2. Appliance branch circuit supplies outlet intended for feeding
appliances. Fixed lighting however, is not supplied.
3. Individual branch circuit is designed to single specific item.

NEC CIRCUITING GUIDELINES

There are many ways of doing the circuitry but there is no optimum
or perfect way of doing it. There are certain guidelines promulgated by
the National electrical code (NEC) for flexible, economical and convenient
layout: they are as follows:

1. The code requires sufficient circuitry to supply residential load of 30

watts per square meter in buildings excluding porches, garages and
basements.

2. The requirements of 30 watts per square meter works out to 80 sq. m.

per 20 amps. Circuit (2,400w) or 60 sq. m. for 15 amps. Circuit
(1,800w).

3. Good practice suggests that a load should not exceed 1,600 watts for a
20 amp. Circuit or 1,200 watts for 15 ampere Circuit, thus,

A. Observe a minimum load of 1200 watts on 15 amperes circuit with a

maximum area of 40 sq meters.

B. a maximum load of 1600 watts on a 20 amperes circuit with a

maximum area of 53 sq meters

4. The NEC requires a minimum of 20 amperes appliance circuit to feed all

small appliance outlets in the kitchen, pantry, dining and family room.

5. The general-purpose branch circuit should be 20 amperes, wired with

no.12 AWG being the minimum size of conductor wires for convenience
outlet.

6. Circuit load on a 15 amp. Circuit should be limited to the values given

on table 1-1 and table 1-2.

7. As specified by the NEC, plug outlets (convenience receptacles) must

be counted in computing the load if it is not included in the load for
general lighting circuit, thus, for 9 and 12 amperes loading on 15 amps.
And 20 ampere circuits respectively, we have:

a) 15 ampere Circuit 9/1.5 = 6 outlets.

b) 20 ampere Circuit 12/1.5 = 8 outlets.

37
8. Convenience receptacles should be planned properly so that failure of a
single circuit will not deprive the entire area of power supply. In terms
of reliability of service, the circuit must be alternate to provide each
area part of the different circuits.

9. All kitchen outlets must be fed from at least two of these circuits.

10. The NEC further stipulates, “All receptacles are potential

appliance and at least two circuits should be supplied to serve
them”.

11. Certain outlets in the room should be designed as appliance outlet

such as:
a) All kitchen receptacles
b) Dining room receptacles
c) One in the living room

12. The NEC requires that “at least one 20 ampere Circuit supplies
the laundry outlets”.

13. If air conditioner is anticipated, provide a separate for this appliance.

TABLE 1-1 BRANCH CIRCUIT CAPACITY- ELECTRIC HEAT

Maximum Watts
Circuit Breaker size 120 volts 240 volts
15 amperes 1440 2880
20 amperes 1920 3840
30 amperes 2880 5760
TABLE 1-2 BRANCH CIRCUIT REQUIREMENTS

38
PEC Provision for circuit protection

Conductors-Maximum ampacity and Size

a) General –Branch circuit conductors shall have an ampacity of

not less than the rating of the branch circuit and not less than the
maximum load to be served. Cable assemblies with neutral
conductors smaller than the ungrounded conductors shall be so
marked.

b) Household ranges and cooking appliances –branch circuit

conductors supplying household ranges, wall-mounted ovens,
counter cooking units and other household cooking appliances, shall
have an ampacity not less than the rating of the branch circuit and
not less than the maximum load to be served. For ranges of 8 ¾ kW
or more rating, the minimum branch circuit rating shall be 40
amperes.

c) Other loads –Branch circuit conductors supplying loads other than

cooking appliances as covered shall have an ampacity sufficient for
the loads served and shall not be smaller than 2.0 mm 2.
GOOD PRACTICES IN CIRCUITING
1. Lighting and receptacles should not be combined in a single
circuit.
2. Avoid connecting all building lights on a single circuit.
3. Lighting and receptacles should be supplied with current from at
least 2 circuits so that, if a single line is out, the entire area is not
deprived of power.
4. Do not allow combination switch and receptacle outlets.
5. Provide at least one receptacle in the bathroom, and one outside
the house. Both must be Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)
type.
6. Provide switch control for closet lights. Pull chain switch is
nuisance.
7. Convenience outlet though counted as part of the general lighting
load shall be limited to 6 convenience outlet on a 15 amperes
circuit and 8 convenience outlet for 20 amperes circuit.
8. The Code requires that, at least (1) 20 amperes circuit supply shall
be installed to the laundry outlets
9. Convenience outlet shall be laid out in such a manner that no point
on a wall is more than 2 meters from an outlet. Use a grounding
type receptacle only.

CIRCUIT SAFE LOAD

Branch circuit is the technical term for the House wiring
installation. House wiring varies in sizes depending upon the kind of load
it is to serve. Load refers to the electricity drawn or consumed by lighting
fixtures, appliances, equipment etc.

39
 The problem confronting the technologist is how to determine the
types of wire to be used, their sizes and other appurtenances relative to
its installation. This problem however, has been addressed by the National
Electrical Code under the following specific provisions:
1. The code provides that wirings for electrical circuitry shall be of the
types RHW, T, THW, TW, THWN, XHHW in a raceway or cables as
presented on table 1-3
2. That, on a 15 amperes circuit, a single appliance shall not draw a
maximum load of more than 12amperes.
3. That, on a 20 amperes circuit, a single phase appliance shall not
draw a current excess of 16 amperes.
4. That, if a branch circuit is combined with lighting or portable
appliances, any fixed appliance shall not be allowed to draw more
than 7.5 amperes on a 15 amperes circuit and 10 amperes on a 20
amperes circuit.
5. That, on a 30 amperes circuit, a single appliance draw shall not
exceed 24 amperes.
6. That, a heavy lamp holder shall not be rated not less than 750
watts.
7. That, a 30, 40 and 50 amperes circuit shall not be used for fixed
lighting in residences.
8. That, when loads are connected for a long period of time, its actual
load shall be computed not to exceed 80% of the fuse rating. Long
period of time refers to electric motors, air conditioner, and
other similar units with a continuous loading.
9. That, a continuous type load shall be considered at 125% of the
actual load in all load calculations.
10. That a single receptacle on individual branch circuit shall have a
rating of not less than the circuit.
11. Receptacles feeding portable and or steady appliance shall be
limited to loads of 80% of their rating, that is:
a. 12 amperes for 15 amperes receptacle
b. 16 amperes for 20 amperes receptacle
c. 24 amperes for 30 amperes receptacle
12. The number of outlets in a circuit shall be limited to:

6outlets on 15 ampere circuit

8 outlets for 20 ampere circuit

TABLE 1-3 CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED INSULATED

CONDUCTORS FOR GENERAL WIRING
TRADE NAME TYPE OPERATING APPLICATION
LETTER TEMPERATURE PROVISION
Moisture and heat KHW 75 Dry and wet
resistant rubber location
Thermoplastic T 60 Dry location
Moisture resistant TW 60 Dry and wet
thermoplastic location

40
Thermoplastic heat THHN 90 Dry location
resistant
Moisture and heat THWN 75 Dry and wet
resistant location
thermoplastic
Moisture and heat XHHW 90 Dry location
resistant crossed
linked thermosetting
Polyethylene 75 Wet location
Silicon asbestos SA 90 Dry location
Asbestos and AVA 110 Dry location
varnish cambric

41
 SELF-CHECK 1.8
Guidelines Governing Occupational Safety and Health in the Construction
Industry: Provisions Concerning Electrical Protection and lighting System
Directions: Chose the correct answer to each statement below.
1. The code requires a minimum of __________ appliance branch circuit to feed
all small appliance outlets in the kitchen, pantry, dining and family room
A. 20 ampere
B. 30 ampere
C. 45 ampere
D. 60 ampere
2. What is the minimum size of conductor wire required for all convenience
outlet?
A. No. 8 AWG
B. No. 14 AWG
C. No. 12 AWG
D. No. 6 AWG
3. A trade name for the type THW wire used mostly in industrial wiring is?
A. PVC insulated heat resistant
B. Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic
C. Polyvinyl chloride
D. Plastic covering
4. What is the acronym of NEC?
A. NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE
B. NATIONAL ELECTRONICS CODE
C. NATIONAL ELECTRICIAN CODE
5. What is the 80% of 20 ampere circuit breaker?
A. 12 amperes
B. 16 ampere
C. 25 ampere
D. 13 ampere
6. This refers to the technical house wiring installation.
A. Branch circuit
B. Equipment
C. Layout
D. Load
7. This refers to the electricity drawn or consumed by lighting fixtures,
appliances, equipment etc.
A. Devices
B. Equipment
C. Load
8. This is a type of electrical protective device made of low resistivity
material and low melting point.
A. Fuse
B. MCB
C. ELB
D. Grounding
9. This is generally installed where electrical circuits may accidentally come
into contact with waters.
A. Circuit breaker
B. GFCI
C. Fuse
D. ELCB
10. An automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an
electrical circuit from damage cause by excess current from an overload or
short circuit.
A. Circuit breaker C. Panel board
B. Switch D. Branch circuit

42
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.9
TYPES OF CONDUITS
CONDUIT PIPE
is the most common electrical raceways used in all types of
construction. With respect to the type of materials used.
2 Classification of conduits
1. Metallic such as steel pipes, aluminum.
2. Non-metallic such as plastic.

4 types of conduits
The metal non-flexible
a) flexible metal
b) non-metal flexible
c) non-metal non-flexible

The purposes of electrical conduits are:

1. to provide a means for the running wires from one point to
another.
2. To physically protect the wires
3. To provide a grounded enclosure
4. To protect the wiring system from damage by the building and
the occupants.
5. To protect the surroundings against the effect of the fault in the
wiring
6. To protect the building and the occupants from the damage by
the electric system.

CONDUIT BENDING
2 TYPESS OF BENDING THAT IS COMMONLY USED:
1. 90 BEND- It can be used for going around an inside corner,
into the top or bottom of a box from a horizontal run, or over
an object.
2. OFFSET BEND- It is used to avoid contacting a part of the
structure or to bring the conduit out from the structure to
match a knockout in a box or panel.
STEPS AND PROCEDURES IN BENDING 90 DEGREES of ½
DIAMETER CONDUIT USING HICKEY
1. Measure the required height of bend or take –
up. Example: 25 cm.

43
2. Mark the conduit on the given measurement.

3. From the first mark,

deduct 3 cm for ½
“conduit as reduce and
the second mark will
become the center of
bend of conduit.

4. From the center of bend,

measure and mark at both
ends the length of radius
which 10 cm or 4”.

5. When the diameter of

bend was determined,
divide it by 1.5 cm apart
by a mark.

6. Insert the ½ conduit to a bigger one to prevent big loop. Put it

above the wooden block with v-cut groove and position the hickey
bender to the conduit, point the arrow of hickey bender to the first
mark at
one end.

7. Position your body as you get a good leverage and keep your foot
apart.

8. Maintain an equal pulling force

to the conduit as you move
the hickey bender to every
mark down to the center

44
9. When you reach the center mark
of the bend, remove the Hickey
bender to make sure that the
bend produces at least 45
degrees.

10. Use a steel square to check the

bend if it is almost 45degrees at its
center of bend before you continue
to bend the remaining marks

11. Continue to bend the remaining

marks. Maintaining an equal pull as
you get to the last mark but watch that
it should not be bent beyond 90
degrees. Remove it again to check the
bend.

12. Put the conduit above the steel

square to check the bend.

13. If the bend is not enough for 90

degrees, then add more bents to it.

45
14. Measure the takeoff of the 90-
degree bend, the length should be the
required height, if it exceeds, you
must cut and thread it again.

15. Lay it out to its actual location.

16. Insert the lock nut into thread

at both ends of conduit and tighten it
using pipe wrench.

17. Insert again the end of conduit

to panel board or boxes and put the
end bushing to the thread. Tighten
the end bushing using flat screw
driver and hammer

46
 SELF CHECK 1.9
TYPES OF CONDUITS
I. ENUMERATE THE FOLLOWING
2 TYPES OF BEND THAT IS COMMONLY USED
2 CLASSIFICATION OF CONDUIT
4 PURPOSES OF INSTALLTING CONDUIT

47
 Week 2
Installing electrical protective devices for
distribution, power, lighting, auxiliary,
lightning protection and grounding systems

48
 INFORMATION 2.1
PLAN AND PREPARE WORK

Plan your work, and work your plan. Many believe that if you had a plan to
follow you would always wind up on top or get an excellent result.

Planning out your work will make sure you get the most out of your work
day. Your time is an investment in yourself. Budgeting your time on the
job the way you can budget money will help you reduce your stress,
become healthy and accomplish more.

Procedures in preparing well communicated plan:

1. Obtain the technical working drawing (electrical plan/riser diagram)

from the concerned personnel (supervisor/instructor) then examine the
nature of the work. (See sample below.)

2. After taking the plan, you are list down the needed materials, PPE’s,
tools and equipment needed in performing the task. (See example below)

Item
Quantity Unit Description
No.
1. 1 pair Safety shoes
2. 1 pc Safety goggles
3. 1 pair Leather gloves
4. 1 pc Hard hat/helmet……

List of Tools and Equipment

Item
Quantity Unit Description
No.

49
 1 1 pc Lineman’s plier
2 1 pc Long nose plier
3 2 pcs. Standard screw driver
4 2 pcs. Philips screw driver
5 1 pc Push pull rule
6 1 pc Electric hand drill
7 1 pc Heat gun

List of Supplies and Materials

Item
Quantity Unit Description
No.
1 1 pc Panel board, 12 holes, single phase
2 3 pcs Circuit breaker molded case, 15A, 2 pole
plug-in type mounted
3 3 pcs Circuit breaker molded case, 20A, 2 pole
plug-in type mounted

4 5 boxes No. 12 TW copper wire

5 5 boxes No. 14 TW copper wire
6 20 pcs Metal screw, 7x10…etc…
7 5 pcs Electrical tape
8 20 Pcs Switches

3. After securing the needed materials, tools, equipment and PPE’s, ask your
supervisor/instructor where to install the working plan.
4. Place your materials, tools, equipment, and PPE’s in the most convenient location
to ease installation. Ask your supervisor/instructor if you could start the installation.
5.Start your installation upon confirming things regarding the work to be done to
your supervisor/instructor

50
 SELF CHECK 2.1
PLAN AND PREPARE WORK

MATCHING TYPE

Column A Column B
_______ 1. Tasks that needs to be A. Non-urgent but important
done first. task
B. Safety shoes
_______ 2. A bag that contain C. Blueprint
common medicines use in case of D. Floor plan
lacerations or wound in the field. E. First Aid kit
F. Safety gloves
_______ 3. Use to protect your feet G. Urgent and important task
from sharp objects. H. Planning your work

_______ 4. Use in making the

complete list of required tools,
equipment and materials of the
project.

______ 5. It helps you to

accomplish more by managing
your time, money and effort.

Direction: Read the statement carefully in the column A and choose the
best answer in the column B. Write your answer in the provided space.

51
 INFORMATION SHEET 2.2
PEC/NEC Provision for Circuit Protection
Conductors-Maximum ampacity and size
a. General –Branch circuit conductors shall have an ampacity of not
less than the rating of the branch circuit protective device (Fuse or
C. Breaker) and not less than the maximum load to be served. Cable
assemblies with neutral conductors smaller than the ungrounded
conductors shall be so marked.
b. Household ranges and cooking appliances –branch circuit
conductors supplying household ranges, wall-mounted ovens,
counter cooking units and other household cooking appliances, shall
have an ampacity not less than the rating of the branch circuit and
not less than the maximum load to be served. For ranges of 8 ¾ Kw
or more rating, the minimum branch circuit rating shall be 40
amperes.
c. Other loads –Branch circuit conductors supplying loads other than
cooking appliances as covered shall have an ampacity sufficient for
the loads served and shall not be smaller than 2.0 mm 2.
NEC Requirements to be observed by an electrician when
installing plug fuses, fuse holder, and adapters:
1. They shall not be used in circuits exceeding 125 volts between
conductors, except on systems having grounded neutral with no
conductors having more than 150 volts to ground. This situation in
the 120/208-volt system in the commercial building covered in this
module, or in the case of 120/240-volt, single-phase system.
2. They shall have ampere ratings of 0 to 30 amperes.
3. They shall have a hexagonal configuration for ratings of 15 amperes
and below.
4. The screw shell must be connected to the load side of the circuit.
5. Edison-base plug fuses may be used only as replacements in
existing installations where there is no evidence of overusing or
tampering.
6. All new installations shall use fuse holders requiring Type S plug
fuses or fuse holders with a types adapter inserted to accept Type S
fuses only.
7. Type S plug fuses are classified 0 to 15 amperes; 16 to 20 amperes;
21 to 30 amperes.
Requirement for fuses of less than 600 volts:
a. Plug fuses shall not be used in circuit exceeding 125 volts between
conductors.

b. Fuses shall be marked with amperage rating.

52
c. Plug fuses shall be classified 0 to 30
amperes.

d. Edison-base plug fuses shall only be used

for replacement in existing installation
where there is no evidence of over fusing
or tampering.

e. Type “S” fuses (fustats) shall be classified at not over 125 volts.
Note: Refer to NEC article 240.
f. Type “S” fuses shall be classified as 0 to 15, 16 to 20, and 21 to 30
amperes.
g. Different ampere classes of type “S” fuses are not interchangeable.
h. Cartridge fuses shall be marked with their ampere rating, voltage
rating, and the name or trademark of the manufacturer.

53
 Self-Check 2.2
PEC/NEC Provision for Circuit Protection
Multiple choice
1. Plug fuses shall not be used in circuit exceeding
A. 125 volts
B. 220 volts
C. 25 volts
D. 440 volts between conductors.
2. Fuses shall be marked with
A. voltage rating
B. amperage rating
C. wattage rating
D. current rating
3. This type of fuses shall be classified as 0 to 15, 16 to 20, and 21 to
30 amperes.
A. Type “R”
B. Type “K”
C. Type “S”
D. None of the above

4. The branch circuit conductors shall have an ampacity of not less than
the rating of the
A. branch circuit protective device
B. Feeder circuit
C. Main circuit
D. All of the above

5. Branch circuit conductors supplying loads other than cooking

appliances as covered shall have an ampacity sufficient for the loads
served and shall not be
A. smaller than 2.0 mm2
B. smaller than 1.6 mm2
C. greater than 2.0 mm2
D. greater than 1.6 mm2

54
 Information Sheet 2.3
CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES OF FUSE
Learning Objective: After reading the Information sheet, you will be
able to know the different classes and types of fuses.
Fuses
A fuse is the simplest circuit protection device. Its
name is derived from the Latin word "fuses," meaning "to
melt." Fuses have been used almost from the beginning
of the use of electricity.
The earliest type of fuse was simply a bare wire
between two connections. The wire was smaller than the
conductor it was protecting and, therefore, would melt before the
conductor it was protecting was harmed.
A simple glass tube is used. The use of a glass tube gives the added
advantage of being able to see when a fuse is open. Fuses of this type are
commonly found in automobile lighting circuits. Figure 2-1 shows several
fuses and the symbols used on schematics.
It is placed in series with the electrical circuit it is intended to
protect. Its essential component is a strip of metal that will melt when the
electric current in the circuit exceeds the fuse's rated value. The element
(link) in the fuse melts and opens the circuit.

NEED FOR OVERCURRENT PROTECTION

When a problem exists, the fuse is called upon to open (melt its link).
The opening of a fuse signifies that something is wrong with the
circuit and should be corrected before the current is turned back on.
The problem can be an accident, a defective component or a worn-out
component.

Symbols for FUSE:

Speed
The speed at which a fuse blows depends on how much current
flows through it and the material of which the fuse is made. The operating
time is not a fixed interval, but decreases as the current increases.
Fuses have different characteristics of operating time compared to
current, characterized as "fast-blow", "slow-blow" or "time-delay",
according to time required to respond to an over current condition.

55
 A standard fuse may require twice its rated current to open in one
second, a fast-blow fuse may require twice its rated current to blow in 0.1
seconds, and a slow-blow fuse may require twice its rated current for tens
of seconds to blow.
Fuse selection depends on the load's characteristics. Semiconductor
devices may use a fast or ultrafast fuse since semiconductor devices heat
rapidly when excess current flows.
The fastest blowing fuses are designed for the most sensitive electrical
equipment, where even a short exposure to an overload current could be
very damaging. Normal fast-blow fuses are the most general purpose
fuses.
The time delay fuse (also known as anti-surge, or slow-blow) are designed
to allow a current which is above the rated value of the fuse to flow for a
short period of time without the fuse blowing. These types of fuse are
used on equipment such as motors, which can draw larger than normal
currents for up to several seconds while coming up to speed.
"Current-limiting" fuses operate so quickly that they limit the total "let-
through" energy that passes into the circuit, helping to protect
downstream equipment from damage. These fuses open in less than one
cycle of the AC power frequency; circuit breakers cannot match this
speed.
Types of Fuses According to Construction

1. Plug type

2. Ferrule type

3. Knife blade type

4. Screw type

According NEC all cartridge fuses must be marked to show:

1. Ampere rating
2. Voltage rating

56
 3. Interrupting rating when over 10,000 amperes
4. Current-limiting type
5. Trade name or name of manufacturer
6.
Important Ratings when Choosing Replacement fuses:
1. Voltage rating –the rating must match or exceed the voltage
rating of the circuit.
2. Ampere rating –the rating should match the full load current rating
of the equipment or ampacity of conductor as closely as possible.
3. Interrupting capacity –the total current in which the fuse can
interrupt without being damage.

NEC requirements to be observe by an electrician when installing

plug fuses, fuse holder, and adapters:
1. They shall not be used in circuits exceeding 125 volts between
conductors, except on systems having grounded neutral with no
conductors having more than 150 volts to ground. This situation in
the 120/208-volt system in the commercial building covered in this
text, or in the case of 120/240-volt, single-phase system.
2. They shall have ampere ratings of 0 to 30 amperes.
3. They shall have a hexagonal configuration for ratings of 15 amperes
and below.
4. The screw shell must be connected to the load side of the circuit.
5. Edison-base plug fuses may be used only as replacements in
existing installations where there is no evidence of over fusing or
tampering.
6. All new installations shall use fuse holders requiring Type S plug
fuses or fuse holders with a types adapter inserted to accept Type S
fuses only.
7. Type S plug fuses are classified 0 to 15 amperes; 16 to 20 amperes;
21 to 30 amperes.

Types S Fuses and Adapter

57
1. Class H – Most low cost, common, standard nonrenewable non-time
fuses. The interrupting ratings in symmetrical amperes are 10,000
amperes AC. Available in ratings from 1 to 600 amperes in 250 and
600 Volts AC.

Class H cartridge fuse. Illustration shows renewable-type

fuse in which the blown link may be replaced.
2. CLASS K – Group in three categories K1- (has the greatest current
limiting ability) The interrupting ratings in symmetrical amperes is
50,000 amperes AC, K5- The interrupting ratings in symmetrical
amperes is 100,000 amperes AC and the K9 - (has the least current-
limiting ability) The interrupting ratings in symmetrical amperes is
200,000 amperes AC. Available in ratings from 1/10 to 600 amperes
in 250 and 600 Volts AC.

3. CLASS J – Physically smaller than class H fuses, interrupting ratings

in symmetrical amperes is 200,000 amperes AC. Available in ratings
from 1 to 600 Volts AC.

4. CLASS L - Available in ratings from 601 to 6000 amperes at 600

Volts AC. They are current limiting and The interrupting ratings in

58
 symmetrical amperes is 200,000 amperes. These bolt type fuses are
used in bolted pressure contact switches.

5. CLASS T – They are current limiting with an interrupting capacity of

200,000 symmetrical amperes. Physically smaller than class H and
class J fuses. This type of fuse limits its use to fuse holders and
switches that will reject all other types of fuses. Common
applications for mains, feeders, and branch circuits. Used in 120/240
1 phase, 120/208 volt 3 -phase 4-wire and 240 3- phase wye-delta
systems.

6. CLASS G – They are current limiting and are used in ballast, electric
heat and similar loads. They are also cartridge fuses with small
dimensions. They are used in circuits of 300 volts or less to ground.
Available from 0 to 60 amperes at an interrupting capacity of
100,000 symmetrical amperes RMS.

7. CLASS R – This fuse is non –renewable cartridge type and has an

interrupting rating of 200,000 RMS symmetrical amperes. Has a
rating range of 1/10 ampere to 60 amperes and can be
distinguished by annular ring on one end of the case. When a fuse
holder is designed to accept class R fuse, Class H and class K fuse is
impossible to install.

59
 Two types:
1. RK1 – Have a special interrupting rating of 300,000 RMS
symmetrical amperes.
2. RK5

8. CLASS CC - Primarily used for control circuit protection of motor

control circuits, ballasts, small transformers and so on. It is rated at
600 volts or less and has 200,000 ampere interrupting rating in
sizes from 1/10 ampere to 30 amperes. It can be installed in the
standard fuse holder.

TYPES OF FUSES ACCORDING TO MANNER OF OPERATION:

1. Dual-element, Time-delay Fuse
The dual-element, time-delay fuse,
provides a time delay in the low-overload
range to eliminate unnecessary opening
of the circuit because of harmless
overloads. However, this type of fuse is
extremely responsive in opening on short
circuits.
This fuse has two fusible elements
connected in series. Depending upon the
magnitude of the current flow, one
element is designed to open when the
current reaches a value of approximately 500% of the fuse rating. The
short-circuit element opens when a short circuit or heavy overload occurs.
That is, the element opens at current values of approximately 500% or
more of the fuse rating.
Cutaway view of dual-element, time-delay fuse. On
overloads, the spring-loaded trigger assembly opens. On short
circuits or heavy ground faults, the fuse elements in the short-

60
circuit section open. The fuse elements are generally made of
copper.
The thermal element is also designed to open at approximately 140
degrees Celsius, as well as on damaging overloads. In addition, the
thermal element will open whenever a loose connection or a poor contact
in the fuse holder causes heat to develop. As a result, a true dual-element
fuse also offers thermal protection to the equipment in which it is
installed.
Dual-element fuses are suitable for use on motor circuits and other
circuits having high-inrush characteristics. This type of fuse can be used
as well for mains, feeders, sub-feeders, and branch circuits.
Dual-element fuses may be used to provide back-up protection for
circuit breakers, bus duct, and other circuit components that lack an
adequate interrupting rating, bracing, or withstand rating. (Dual-element
time-delay fuse will hold five times it’s rating for 10 seconds)
2. Dual-element, time-delay, current-limiting fuse
The dual-element, time-delay, current limiting fuse, operates in the
same manner as the standard dual-element, time-delay fuse. The only
difference between the fuses is that, this fuse has a faster response in the
short-circuit range and thus more current limiting.
The short-circuit element in the current-limiting fuse can be silver or
copper surrounded by quartz sand arc-quenching filler. Silver-link fuses
are more current-limiting than copper-link fuses.

Cutaway view of a dual-element, time-delay, current limiting fuse. On

overloads, the spring-loaded trigger
assembly opens. On short circuits
or heavy ground faults, the fuse
elements in the short-circuit section
open. The fuse elements are
generally made of silver.
3. Current-limiting fuse (Non-
time delay)
The straight current-limiting fuse, has an extremely fast
response in both the low-overload and short-circuit ranges. When
compared to other type of fuses, this type of fuse has the lowest
energy let-through values.
Current limiting fuses are used to provide better protection to
mains, feeders, and sub-feeders, circuit breakers, bus duct,

61
 switchboards, and other circuit components that lack an adequate
interrupting rating, bracing, or withstand rating. Current-limiting
fuse elements can be made of silver or copper surrounded by quartz
sand arc-quenching filler. Silver-link fuses are more current limiting
than copper-link fuses.
Cutaway view of a current-limiting, fast-acting, single-element fuse.
A standard current-limiting fuse does not have spring-load or “loaded link”
overload assembly found in dual-element fuses.
To be classified as “current limiting”, the code states that when a
fuse or breaker is subjected to heavy (high magnitude) fault currents, the
fuse or breaker must reduce the fault current flowing into the circuit to a
value less than the fault current that could have flowed into the circuit
had there been no fuse or breaker in the circuit.
When use on motor circuits, or other circuits having high current-
inrush characteristics, the current-limiting non-time delay fuses must be
sized at a much higher rating than actual load. That is, for motor with a
full-load current rating of 10 amperes, a 30- or 40 ampere current-limiting
fuse may be required to start the motor.
In this case, the fuse is considered to be the motor branch-circuit short-
circuits protection. (Non-time delay fuse will hold five times its rating
for1/4 to 2 seconds; not ideal to loads which requires more than 2 seconds
to accelerate)
Characteristics of Overload Currents:
 They are greater than the normal current flow.
 They are contained within the normal conducting current path.
 If allowed to continue, they will cause overheating of the equipment,
conductors, and the insulation of the conductors.
Characteristics of Short-circuit and Ground – Fault
1. They flow “outside” of the normal current path.
2. They may be greater than the normal current flow.
3. They may be less than the normal current flow.
Fuses come in a vast array of sizes and styles to serve in many
applications, manufactured in standardized package layouts to make
them easily interchangeable. Fuse bodies may be made
of ceramic, glass, plastic, fiberglass, molded mica laminates, or molded
compressed fiber depending on application and voltage class.
Cartridge (ferrule) fuses have a cylindrical body terminated with metal
end caps. Some cartridge fuses are manufactured with end caps of
different sizes to prevent accidental insertion of the wrong fuse rating in a
holder, giving them a bottle shape.
Fuses for low voltage power circuits may have bolted blade or tag
terminals which are secured by screws to a fuse holder. Some blade-type

62
terminals are held by spring clips. Blade type fuses often require the use
of a special purpose extractor tool to remove them from the fuse holder.
Renewable fuses have replaceable fuse elements, allowing the fuse body
and terminals to be reused if not damaged after a fuse operation.

A "thermal fuse" is often found in

consumer equipment such as coffee
makers or hair dryers
or transformers powering small
consumer electronics devices. They
contain a fusible, temperature-sensitive
alloy which holds a spring contact
mechanism normally closed. When the
surrounding temperature gets too high,
the alloy melts and allows the spring
contact mechanism to break the circuit. The device can be used to
prevent a fire in a hair dryer for example, by cutting off the power supply
to the heater elements when the air flow is interrupted (e.g. the blower
motor stops or the air intake becomes accidentally blocked). Thermal
fuses are a 'one shot', non-resettable device which must be replaced once
they have been activated (blown).

63
 INFORMATION SHEET NO. 2.4
TYPES OF SAFETY SWITCH ENCLOSURES

Learning Objective: After reading the Information sheet, you will be

able to know the different types of Safety switch.
a. NEMA 1 (indoor)
Note: NEMA 1 safety switch enclosures may be easily identified
because of the presence of concentric knockouts on the top of the
enclosures.

b. NEMA 3R (rainproof)
Note: NEMA 3R safety switch enclosures may be easily identified by
the presence of a hub plate on the top of the safety switch.

c. NEMA 4X (watertight, corrosion resistant)

Note: NEMA 4X enclosures are generally constructed of stainless steel.

64
 REWIRABLE FUSE BOX (UK Standard)
Renewable fuses (cartridge) allow user replacement, but this can be
hazardous as it is easy to put a higher-rated or double fuse element (link
or wire) into the holder ("over fusing"), or simply fitting it with copper wire
or even a totally different type of conducting object (hairpins, paper clips,
nails etc.) to the existing carrier.
Testing Fuses

As mentioned at the beginning of this module, the

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) clearly
states that electrical equipment must not be worked
on when it is energized.

There have been too many injuries to those

intentionally working on the equipment “hot” or
thinking the power is off, only to find that it is still
energized. If the equipment is to be worked on
“hot” then proper training and protective gear
(rubber blankets, insulated tools, goggles, rubber
gloves, etc.) need to be used.
A second person should be present when working electrical equipment
“hot” OSHA has specific “lock-out” and “tag-out” rules for working on
energized electrical equipment.

When the power is turned on. On “live” circuits, extreme caution

must be exercised when checking fuses. There are many different voltage
readings that can be taken, such as line-to-line, line-to-ground, line-to-
neutral, etc.
NOTE:

65
 Using a voltmeter, the first step is to be sure to set the scale to its
highest voltage settings, then change to a lower scale after you are
sure you are within the range of the voltmeter. For example, when testing
what you believe to be a 120V circuit, it is wise to first use the 600V scale,
then try the 300V scale, and then use the 150V scale—just to be sure!!!
Taking a voltage reading across the bottom (load side) of fuses------
either fuse-to-fuse, fuse-to-neutral, fuse-to-ground--- can show voltage
reading because even though a fuse might have opened, there ca be
“feedback” through the load. You could come to a wrong conclusion.
Taking a voltage reading from the line side of the fuse to the load
side of a fuse will show “open-circuit voltage” if the fuse has blown and
the load is still connected. This can also result to a wrong conclusion.
Reading from line-to load side of a good fuse shows zero voltage or
else an extremely small voltage across the fuse.
Always read carefully the instructions furnished with electrical test
equipment such as voltmeters, ohmmeters, etc.
When the power is turned off. This is the safest way to test
fuses.
Remove the fuse from the switch, and then take a resistance reading
across the fuse using an ohmmeter. A good fuse will show zero to very
minimal resistance. An open (blown) fuse will generally show a very high
resistance reading.
Ratings Available for Fuse switches (Safety Switch box) in both
250 and 600 volts

15 20 30 60 100 200 400 600

800 1200 1600 2000 2500 3000 5000 6000

Standard ampere Rating for Fuses and Nonadjustable Circuit

Breakers

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 80 90
100 110 125 150 175 200 225 250 300 350 400 450
500 600 700 800 1000 1200 1600 2000 2500 3000 4000 5000
6000

INSTALL SAFETY SWITCH

Objective: When you have completed this activity, you will be able to
Install safety switch in accordance to PEC standard.

66
 A. Equipment and Materials needed:

Quantity Description

1 Unit Safety Switch

30 Pcs. Woodscrew

4 pcs. Conduit adapter

1 pc Electrical conduit – PVC ½”

B. Electrical tools:
1.Sets of screwdrivers
2.Sets of pliers
3.Claw hammer
Procedures in Installing Safety Switch:
1. Determine the exact location of installation based on the plan
provided.
2. Open the desired knockout holes in top
and bottom of safety switch housing.

3. Install a mounting screw for the top

mounting hole.

4. Hang switch box/panel board. (Note: the

hole in the upper middle back of the
housing should slip over the screw head.)

5. Level the box. (Use spirit level)

67
6. Locate holes for the remaining two mounting screws.

7. Install the lower two mounting screws. (Note: be sure that the box
is leveled horizontally and vertically).

8. Install conduit connector/adapter in each knockout hole.

9. Install the feeder wire through the conduit

connector in the top of the switch housing, and
connect to terminals on the line side.

10. Cut wire entries at about 12” allowance.

11. Strip back one end of each piece of wire about

5/8 inch.

12. Firmly tighten terminals to manufacturer’s torque

specifications. (Caution: Loose connection is a
chief cause of electrical problems.)

13. Install wires through the conduit connector at the

bottom of the switch housing, and connect to load
side terminals. (Note: install the wire neatly,
taking care to prevent the wires from rubbing
against any metal edge.)
14. Firmly tighten terminals according to manufacturer’s torque
specifications.
15. Determine length of ground wire by
measuring from top of box to ground
terminal.

16. Cut a piece of wire to the measured length.

68
17. Strip back the lower end of the ground wire;
install in the ground terminal and tighten.

18. Install ground wire through bottom hole in

switch housing.

19. Form the ground wire neatly so that it will not touch any moving
part of the switch.

20. Insert the fuses into the fuse clip. (Note: fuse
clips must fit tightly on each fuse.
21. If finished, clean your work area, and return
equipment, tools and materials to proper storage.

69
 INFORMATION SHEET 2.5
CIRCUIT BREAKER AND PANEL BOARD

Learning Objective: After reading this information sheet, you will be able
to understand the circuit breaker and panel board.
Switchgear in a broad sense covers a wide range of equipment
connected with switching and protection. A circuit breaker is a switching
i.e. current interrupting or making device in switchgear. The basic
requirements of switching in power system practice are two-fold:
1. to permit apparatus and circuits to be conveniently put into or taken
out of service
2. to permit appropriate and safe isolation of apparatus and circuits
automatically, in a pre-determined time period, when they develop
faults.

Circuit breaker

Circuit Breaker is an automatically-

operated electrical switch designed to
protect an electrical circuit from damage
caused by overload or short circuit. Unlike a
fuse, which operates once and then has to
be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset
(either manually or automatically) to
resume normal operation. Circuit breakers
are made in varying sizes, from small
devices that protect an individual household
appliance up to large switchgear designed
to protect high voltage circuits feeding an
entire city.

A 2 pole miniature circuit breaker

Four 1 pole circuit breakers

Small circuit breakers are either installed

directly in equipment, or are arranged in a
breaker panel.

70
 Photo of the inside part of a circuit breaker

The 10 ampere DIN rail mounted thermal-

magnetic miniature circuit breaker is the most
common style in modern domestic consumer units
and commercial electrical distribution boards
throughout Europe. The design includes the following
components:

1. Actuator lever - used to manually trip and reset

the circuit breaker. Also indicates the status of
the circuit breaker (On or Off/tripped). Most
breakers are designed so they can still trip even
if the lever is held or locked in the on position. This is sometimes
referred to as "free trip" or "positive trip" operation.
2. Actuator mechanism - forces the contacts together or apart.
3. Contacts - allow current to flow when touching and break the flow of
current when moved apart.
4. Terminals
5. Bimetallic strip
6. Calibration screw - allows the manufacturer to precisely adjust the
trip current of the device after assembly.
7. Solenoid
8. Arc divider / extinguisher
Principles and Operation of Circuit Breakers

Circuit breakers operate using one or both of two

principles. They are:

1. Thermal operation relies on the extra heat produced by high current

warming a bimetal strip, which bends to strip the operating
contacts.
2. Magnetic operation is due to the magnetic field set up by a coil
carrying the current, which attracts an iron part to trip the breaker
when the current becomes large enough.

71
The Advantages of the Circuit Breaker over the Fuse:
1. The circuit breaker act as a switch aside from its being an over
current protective device.
2. When there is over current, the circuit breaker trips (cut)
automatically and after correcting the fault, it becomes readily
available for switch on. Unlike the fuses which has to be discarded
and replace after it is busted.
3. Circuit breaker can be multiple poles and can be installed with 1, 2,
or 3 poles, which will simultaneously protect and switch one to three
lines. The fuse on the other hand, is a single pole put into a single
wire and can protect only one single electric line.
4. Circuit breaker position is easier to detect. It is closed, tripped or
open right at the handle.
The fuse on the other hand, is not easily detected because the
melted fusible element is inside the fuse casing.
5. Circuit breaker can be manually tripped so that in many cases it also
acts as the circuit switch.
Functions of fuses and circuit breakers in electrical circuits:
1. It protects electrical circuits from damage by too much current;
2. Serves as protection of conductors;
3. Serves as protection of electrical loads/equipment;
4. Serves as current limiter to the circuit;
5. Acts as safety valve for electrical circuits; and
6. Serves as disconnecting means
Types of circuit breaker and their operating principle
Thermal trip
- If current flow exceeds the rated limit of the breaker, the bimetallic
strip heats and bends.
- As the strip bends, the latching mechanism is tripped and the
contacts open.

72
Electromagnetic trip
- As the current flows through the breaker, it creates a magnetic field
within the coil. During sustained overload condition, the magnetic
field interferes and draws the core into the coil.
- The metal trip bar is attracted to the core forcing the latch to move,
thus opening the contacts.

Classifications/types of breakers according to mounting method

1. Din rail type mounted circuit breakers
2. Bolt-on mounted type circuit breakers

73
 3. Plug-in type circuit breakers

LINE SIDE TERMINAL(power in} LOAD SIDE TERMINAL(power out}

Circuit Breaker Features. In addition to the relatively simple thermal-

magnetic breakers described above, there are many other features
available in molded-case breakers:
1. Solid-State Tripping. With adjustable long-time, short-time, and
instantaneous trip points and adjustable time delays, it provides easily
adjustable precise settings and stable repeatability, facilitating
coordination with other over current protection in the system, so that
the device nearest the fault opens first.
2. High Interrupting Capacity. As serving agency system increase the
current available under fault conditions, it is important to select
properly rated equipment, including circuit breakers. Those capable of
interrupting more than 5,000 amperes are marked up to 2,000 000
amperes.
3. Current-Limiting Breakers. These, which will interrupt within one-
half cycle, limiting the fault current that will flow to downstream
equipment, are made both with integral fuses and without fuses.
4. Ground Fault Interruption. This is built-in as an integral part of the
circuit breaker.
5. Remote Operation. Shunt trips are commonly used to open a circuit
breaker from a remote point or to open it automatically as in a ground-
fault protection system. Also available are motor operated breakers,
which can be opened and closed remotely.
6. 100% Rated. Limit the loading of a circuit breaker to 80% when the
load is continuous (3 h or more) unless listed for 100% loading will be
so marked. Two or more of these features may be combined in one
circuit breaker, depending on the requirements of the application.
Standard Ratings.
Both fuses and breakers are available in standard ratings of 15, 20,
25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 125, 150, 175, and 200

74
amperes, and of course larger sizes (up to 6000 amp) for use where
required. Additional standard ratings for fuses only are 1, 3, 6, and 10
amperes, mainly for the protection of small motor circuits.
Determining Proper Rating of Over Current Device.
The fuse must blow, or the breaker open, when the current flowing
through it exceeds the number of amperes that is safe for the wire in the
circuit. The larger the wire, the greater the number of amperes it can
safely carry.
The code specifies the ampacity (the maximum number of amperes)
that can be safely carried by each size and type of wire. The ampacity of
any size and kind of copper or aluminum wire can be found in NEC. The
ampacity of the wire determines the maximum ampere rating of the fuse
or the breaker that may be used to protect the circuit.
These may aid you to memorize the ampacity of the smaller sizes of
Type TW copper wire usually used in residential and farm wiring.
These ampacities are:

Size of Wire Size of Circuit Uses

(AWG) Breaker

No. 14 15 amps Intended to control lighting circuit.

No. 12 20 amps Intended to control convenience outlet

circuit.

No. 10 30 amps Intended to control higher load outlet

(Air-con, range, water heater)

No. 8 40 amps can be use as main feeder or higher

load outlet.

No. 6 55 amp can be use as main feeder

Important Ratings when Choosing Replacement Circuit Breakers

1. Rated voltage, rated normal current –values used to designate it
and which is related to the operating conditions of the circuit
breaker.
2. Rated breaking capacity –expressed in MVA as the product of the
rated breaking current in kilo-amperes and the corresponding
rated voltage in kV.
3. Rated frequency –frequency of the electrical system in which the
circuit breaker is to be connected.
4. Rated short time current – effective value of current in which the
circuit breaker must carry for a stated time. This requirement is

75
 needed since the fault current, which has to be cleared by another
circuit breaker, may have to flow through it.

Characteristics of Overload Currents:

1. They are greater than the normal current flow.

2. They are contained within the normal conducting current path.
3. If allowed to continue, they will cause overheating of the equipment,
conductors and the insulation of the conductors.
Parts of a Breaker Load Center

COMMON PANEL BUS CONFIGURATION

Distribution board (Panel Board)
A. Typical Residential Panel Board( 1 Phase)

MAIN
BRANCH

1 2
NUMBERING 3 4
5 6

a. Typical Commercial/Industrial Panel Board (1 Phase)

76
A distribution board (or panelboard) is a component of
an electricity supply system which divides an electrical power feed into
subsidiary circuits, while providing a protective fuse or circuit breaker for
each circuit, in a common enclosure. Normally, a main switch, and in
recent boards, one or more Residual-current devices (RCD) or Residual
Current Breakers with Overcurrent protection (RCBO), will also be
incorporated.
Breakers are usually arranged in two columns. In a US-style board,
breaker positions are numbered left-to-right, along each row from top to
bottom. This numbering system is universal across various competing
manufacturers of breaker panels.
MAIN

NEUTRAL BUS

Principles Applied in Installing Panel Board

1. The approach shall be accessible and more convenient.
2. The panel board is centrally located to shorten the home wiring runs.
3. It must be installed near the load center, as in most cases panel boards
are mounted near the kitchen and in the laundry where heavy duty loads
are expected.
4. To limit voltage drop on the branch circuit, the panel board shall be
located in such a manner that no circuit (wiring connections) exceed 35
meters long.
5. In the event that a circuit more than 35 meters long cannot avoided,
no. 10 AWG wire shall be used for runs up to 50 meters long and no. 8
AWG for longer circuits.
6. The upstream side of the device is called Line Side. The downstream
side is called Load Side.
Installation of Panel Board

100 cm Height or less

Panel Board Center line

77
Types of load center and Enclosure

Types of Load Center a

Load center accessories and their uses

a. Lug – used for termination of conductors.

b. Grounded (neutral) bar – used for

termination of circuit

c. Ground bar – used for termination of

equipment grounding conductors.

d. Flush locks – used for locking of cabinet

doors to allow entrance of qualified
personnel only,

e. Padlock attachment – used to lock

breakers in the “off” or “on” position.

f. Closure plate – used to fill empty

breaker spaces where “breakouts” have
been removed.

g. Lock off – used to lock breakers in the

“off” position for equipment maintenance
or servicing

h. Handle tie – used to mechanically tie

two or more breaker handles together to
assure common tripping.

i. Conduit hubs – used to allow entrance

of conduits to rain-proof enclosures.
78
79
 SELF-CHECK 2.5
ENUMERATION

Direction: Enumerate what is being asked below.

1 – 3 Classification of Branch Circuit

4 – 5 Types of Circuit Breaker
6 – 8 Classifications/types of breakers according to mounting
method

80
 INFORMATION SHEET 2.6
Procedures in installing load center or breaker panel
1. Before mounting panel, open the
desired number and size of
knockout holes for the conduit
entry.

2. Mount panel board in designated

location.

3. Connect one piece of bare ground wire to the ground bar, allowing
other end to hang from bottom of panel. (Note: under actual
installation, the lower end of the ground wire would terminate at
the grounding electrode.)
4. Strip back one end of each piece of insulated
wire approximately 5/8-3/4”.

5. Install one piece of wire through the connector

to the neutral bar connector; arrange the wire neatly to lay back
corner of the panel; then insert wire in neutral bar terminal and
tighten snugly. (Note: the neutral conductor should lay in the
back corner of the panel to leave adequate room for the other
wires and breakers. It should also be identified by white or gray
tape.)
6. Install the remaining two wires through the connector, and insert
wires in the main breaker connectors.
7. Plug the breakers into the panel bus, plug breakers on both right
and left side, start at the top specifications. The main breaker
should be placed on the upper most left side of the panel board.
(Note: arrange wire neatly, allowing room for the branch-circuit
conductors.)

81
8. Install wiring. (Note: extend all wires into the panel far enough to
reach the neutral or ground bar, especially the green wire after
arranging it in the back corner of panel down to the bar.)

9. Tag or mark by numbers each group of wires that goes to a specific

breaker if the wire are not color coded.

Put a mark Color Coded

10. Fold back out of the way all branch circuit wires inside the panel
to provide clear working space inside panel.
11. Trim out panel board.
a. Work the green wires one at a time, arranging them against
back of panel in corners and making right angle bends to the
ground bar terminals.
b. Cut strip, and insert wires into terminals; tighten snugly. (Note:
this method places this group of wires at the back of the panel,
out of the way of neutral and circuit wires; also, it gives the
technician an organized procedure for doing the work neatly.)
c. Work the white neutral wires one at a time, laying the wires
near the green wires in the back spaces and corners of the
panel and making bends to the neutral or ground bar.
d. Cut, strips, and insert wires into terminals; tighten snugly.
e. Work the colored circuit wires.

82
  Work the wires one at a time to the left two-pole breaker,
forming the wire to lay neatly toward the back and side of
panel; make right angle bends to bring wire horizontally
toward proper breaker terminal; make additional right
angle bends to bring wires outward and then into breaker.

Arrange the wires Secure with tie wires. Cut the tie
wires Avoid skinned wires in touching any metal parts.
Note: This procedure makes it easy to trace wires, provides enough
wire length to pull out and check loads with a clamp-on
ammeter, and produces a neat, professional-looking good.
13. Carefully dismantle the assembly and store parts in proper
places.
14. Clean work area, and return equipment, tools and materials to
proper storage.

83
 SELFCHECK 2.6
IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Answer the following questions by writing your answers in a
sheet of paper.

1. Its name was derived from the Latin word "fusus," meaning "to
melt."

2. Rainproof safety switch.

3. The Current that flows from one conductor to ground or

another conductor because of an abnormal connection or arc
between the two.

4. The Weak link in the circuit that limits the amperage to a

specified amount.

5. Smallest size or ratings of fuse use in 250V.

6. Larger than normal current flowing outside the normal current

path.

7. Maximum voltages at which a device is designed to operate.

8. Maximum available short-circuits current that an over-current

device can safely interrupt without damage to itself.

9. Several removable metal rings that allow for the entrance of

various standard sizes of connectors into a cabinet.

10. A method by which the conductors of a circuit can be

disconnected from their source of supply.

84
 WEEK 3
Installing wiring devices of floor and wall
mounted outlets, lighting fixtures/switches,
and auxiliary outlets

85
 INFORMATION 3.1

INSTALL LIGHTING FIXTURE

Lighting Fixture

Light Fixture means the lighting unit or luminaire that provides

lighting during evening hours and hours of darkness. Light Fixture means
a lighting module that has one or more luminaires and luminaire holders.
Examples of lighting fixtures
Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL)

is a type of fluorescent lamp. Many CFLs are

designed to replace an incandescent lamp and can
fit in the existing light fixtures formerly used for
incandescent.

Recessed type Fluorescent lamp

a light fixture that is installed into a hollow opening

in a ceiling. When installed it appears to have light
shining from a hole in the ceiling, The protective
housing is concealed behind a ceiling or wall.

Chandelier

A chandelier is a branched decorative ceiling-

mounted light fixture with two or more arms bearing
lights. Chandeliers are often ornate, containing
dozens of lamps and complex arrays of glass.

Indoor Ceiling Fan with Light

Quality decorative Ceiling Fans made of durable
blades, a variety of finishes, endless accessories and
light kits turn any room into a breezy oasis. Ceiling
fans are a welcome breeze in any room.

Street light
A street light, lamppost, street lamp, light standard or
lamp standard, is a raised source of light on the edge of
a road, turned on or lit at a certain time every night.

86
Auxiliary outlet
Is a device that allow electrical equipment to connect to the electrical grid.
The electrical grid provides alternating current to the outlet. There are two primary
types of outlets: domestic and industrial.

Standard outlet

All types of electrical outlets are identical. Rectangular

shape, screw in the center, two faces with uneven eyes
and a downturned mouth.

Special Purpose outlet

A special type of standard outlet found in

kitchens, bathrooms, and other
rooms of your house that may be
exposed to damp conditions, GCFI
receptacles are designed to prevent
serious injury or damage that could
result from an electric shock in
places where there is the potential
for electricity

and water to meet. SPO GFCI

Switches
In electrical wiring, a light switch is a switch most commonly used to operate
electric lights, permanently connected equipment, or electrical outlets.
Portable lamps such as table lamps may have a light switch mounted on the socket,
base, or in-line with the cord.

87
Type of switches
Single-pole light switch
The most common type of light switch in your
home, single-pole switches are lever-based
switches with a simple on and off function. The
name single-pole refers to the one circuit passing
through the switch, meaning you only control a
single light from a single switch. Single-pole
switches are easily identified by their ON and OFF
labeling located on the lever.
Three-way Switch
is one that allows you to control a ceiling light (or other
electrical fixture) from two separate locations. Common
scenarios would be 3-way switches located at both the
top and bottom of a stairway, or having 3-way switches
next to doors in a room with two entry points.
Four-way Switch
four-way switch is similar to a three-way, except it has
four terminals (plus a ground terminal) and controls one
fixture from three locations. This type of switch must be
combined between two three-way switches to form a
circuit.
Dimmer switch
Dimmer switches offer more personalization than a
simple on and off switch, as they are used to lower a
light’s brightness without turning it off completely.
The controls on a dimmer can be rotating, sliding, or
other variants. Much like traditional light switches,
they also come in multi-location versions, and can be
used to dim the same fixture from different locations
of a home.
Occupancy switch
Otherwise known as a motion sensor switch, occupancy
switches activate the light fixture when motion is
detected, afterwards turning it off when no detection is
present. Much like programmable timer switches,
occupancy switches work well to cut down on energy usage and add a
modern flair to your home.

88
 Self-Check 3.1

Enumeration: identify the following objects being described on each

item.

_______________1. a type of fluorescent lamp. Many CFLs are designed to

replace an incandescent lamp and can fit in the existing light fixtures
formerly used for incandescent.

_______________2. a device that allow electrical equipment to connect to

the electrical grid. The electrical grid provides alternating current to the
outlet. There are two primary types of outlets: domestic and industrial.

_______________3. a branched decorative ceiling-mounted light fixture with

two or more arms bearing lights. Chandeliers are often ornate, containing
dozens of lamps and complex arrays of glass.

_______________4. A special type of standard outlet found in kitchens,

bathrooms, and other rooms of your house that may be exposed to damp
conditions. designed to prevent serious injury or damage that could result
from an electric shock in places where there is the potential for electricity
and water to meet.

_______________5. a light fixture that is installed into a hollow opening in a

ceiling. When installed it appears to have light shining from a hole in the
ceiling, the protective housing is concealed behind a ceiling or wall.

___________6. Otherwise known as a motion sensor switch, occupancy

switches activate the light fixture when motion is detected, afterwards
turning it off when no detection is present. Much like programmable timer
switches, occupancy switches work well to cut down on energy usage and
add a modern flair to your home.

______________7. allows you to control a ceiling light (or other electrical fixture) from
two separate locations. Common scenarios would be 3-way switches located at both
the top and bottom of a stairway, or having 3-way switches next to doors in a room
with two entry points.
______________8. similar to a three-way, except it has four terminals (plus a ground
terminal) and controls one fixture from three locations. This type of switch must be
combined between two three-way switches to form a circuit.

89
 INFORMATION SHEET 3.2

INSTALL LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM/ SURGE ARRESTER

Lightning Protection System

A Lighting Protection System (LPS) is the system that provides a

means by which a lightning discharge may enter or leave earth without
passing through and damaging personnel, electrical equipment, and non-
conducting structures such as buildings. Example of
A Lighting Protection System (LPS)

Components of Lightning Protection System

Aerial terminal/Lightning Rod

A component that catches lightning strikes and surges that is usually

located at the top of high building or areas prone to lightning strikes, it is
usually made of brass as inner frame and copper as outer frame.

Earth/Line Down Conductor

is the component that connects the aerial terminal to the grounding rod, it
transmits the electrical surge caused by a lightning strike from one end to
another.

Grounding Rod

A grounding rod is a safety component of an electrical system which

carries current away from a surging electrical circuit and routes it safely
into the ground.

90
Diagram of Lightning Protection System (LPS)

91
 Self-check 3.2
Identification: give the proper names of each
lightning arrester components shown below.
A.

1. _________________

2. _________________

3. _________________
B. Illustrate your own design of simple house with
lightning protection system.

92
 INFORMATION SHEET 3.3

INSTALL GROUNDING SYSYTEM

Grounding system is a backup pathway that has an alternate route for

an electrical current to flow to ground due to any risk in the electrical
system before it gets a fire or shock. Simply, "grounding" means a low-
resistance path has been made for electricity to flow into the ground.

Types of Grounded System:

Ungrounded Systems

an electrical power system operates and

there is no intentional connection to
ground. In an ungrounded system,
ground fault current is negligible
therefore can be used to reduce shock
risk to people.

Resistance Grounded
Systems

an electrical power system has a

connection between neutral line
and the ground through resistor.
Here, resistor is used to limit the fault
current through a neutral line.

Solidly Grounded System

A system is considered to be solidly
grounded when its neutral is connected
directly to a station ground or earth
with no intentional impedance in that
connection. Ground fault currents on solidly
grounded systems are about equal to three-
phase fault currents, and fuses or relays will
operate satisfactorily.

93
Importance of Grounding Electrical Currents:
Overload Protection

electrical workplace, when excessive power surge occurs for any reason, it
produces high voltage of electricity in system causes electrical shocks and
fire. In this scenario a grounded system helps significantly, all of that
excess electricity will go into the earth.

Voltage Stabilization

A grounded system ensures that circuits aren't overloaded and driven by

distributing right amount of power between voltage sources. The ground
provides a common point of reference for voltage stabilization.

SAFETY TIPS:

In an electrical system, keeping electricity grounded should be a high

priority for safety. To keep employees and workplace secure, safety
precautions are followed across the location. Some safety tips are
mentioned below

 The ground-end connection should be installed first and removed

last when removing the grounds.
 Ensure that electrical workplace is furnished with voltage detectors,
clamp meters and receptacle testers.
 Use a surge protector to shut off the worksite's power supply when
fault is occurring, floor cable protectors to prevent tripping in an
electrical worksite and ground fault circuit interrupters for all
receptacle outlets to prevent electrical shock.
 Select the Right Equipment when grounding an electrical system.
Remember, your equipment is only as strong as the weakest
component in a system.
 Ensure that workers know the right way to use each tool,
particularly in direct electrical current.
 Use a circuit breaker or fuse with the appropriate current rating.
 Regular cleaning of ground sets prolongs the life and safety of the
set.
 Never use equipment with frayed cords, damaged insulation or
broken plugs.

Inspect, maintain, and organize repairs of wires where they enter a metal
pipe, an appliance, or where in-wall cables enter an electrical box

94
 Self-check 3.3
True or False: write true if the statement is correct and if it is
false, write the correct answer on the space provided.

_______________1. Resistance grounding system is an electrical

power system has a connection between neutral line and the ground
through resistor. Here, resistor is used to limit the fault current through a
neutral line.

_______________2. Aerial terminals are a backup pathway that has an

alternate route for an electrical current to flow to ground due to any risk in
the electrical system before it gets a fire or shock. Simply, "grounding"
means a low-resistance path has been made for electricity to flow into the
ground.

_________________3. Unground system is an electrical power system operates

and there is no intentional connection to ground. In an ungrounded
system, ground fault current is negligible therefore can be used to reduce
shock risk to people.

_________________4. Voltage Stabilization is when excessive power surge

occurs for any reason, it produces high voltage of electricity in system
causes electrical shocks and fire. In this scenario a grounded system helps
significantly, all of that excess electricity will go into the earth.

_________________5. Voltage Stabilization ensures that circuits aren't

overloaded and driven by distributing right amount of power between
voltage sources. The ground provides a common point of reference for
voltage stabilization.

95
 WEEK 4
Installing wiring devices of floor and wall mounted outlets,
lighting fixtures/switches, and auxiliary outlets

96
 Information Sheet 4.1
TERMINATION OF WIRES (Electrical Outlet)

Convenience Outlet

Special Purpose Outlet

Step by Step termination of convenience outlet.

Tools Required
 4-in-1 screwdriver
 Drywall saw
 Needle-nose pliers
 Voltage tester
 Wire stripper/cutter

Materials Required
 Electrical cable
 Receptacle (outlet)
 Remodeling box
 Wire connectors

97
Step by Step Procedure
 Turn off the power at the main panel. Find the correct breaker and turn it
off.
 Once you’ve determined the electrical outlet to use as a power source and
shut it off, use an electronic stud finder to locate the studs on both sides.
 You can put your new outlet anywhere between these two studs.
 Unscrew the outlet and use a voltage tester to double-check that the
power is off.
 With either lead touching a ground wire (bare copper), touch the other
lead first to the neutral terminals (silver colored), then to the hot terminals
(gold colored).
 If the light glows with either contact, the circuit is still live.
 Hold the face of the new electrical box against the wall where you want it
to go, and trace around it with a pencil.
 Cut out the hole with a drywall saw.
o Pro tip: Be sure to buy a “remodeling” box that can be secured to the
drywall, not one that must be mounted on a stud.
 Next, using a screwdriver, unscrew the existing outlet on the other side of
the wall outlet from its box and punch out one of the knock-outs at the
back of the box.

98
 Self-Check 4.1

Direction: draw a diagram using the situation given below.

Situation 1: Two Convenience outlet is connected to the same source, while a

Special Purpose Outlet is connected to a different source.

99
 Information Sheet 4.2

TERMINATION OF WIRES (Light Switches)

Light Switch

Is a switch most commonly used to operate electric lights, permanently

connected equipment, or electrical outlets. Portable lamp such as table lamps
may have light switch mounted on the socket, base or in-line with the chord.

ONE BULB CONTROLLED BY S1 IN ONE LOCATION

TWO BULBS CONTROLLED BY S1 IN ONE LOCATION

100
 THREE BULBS CONTROLLED BY S1 IN ONE LOCATION

TWO BULBS CONTROLLED INDIVIDUALY BY TWO S1 IN ONE LOCATION

101
 THREE BULBS CONTROLLED INDIVIDUALY BY S3 IN ONE LOCATION

TWO BULBS CONTROLLED INDIVIDUALY BY TWO S1 IN TWO DIFFERENT

LOCATION

102
103
 THREE BULBS CONTROLLED INDIVIDUALY BY THREE S1

IN THREE DIFFIRENT ONE LOCATION

FOUR BULBS CONTROLLED BY TWO S1 IN ONE LOCATION.

EACH S1 CONTROLS TWO BULBS AT THE SAME TIME.

104
105
SIX BULBS CONTROLLED BY THREE S1 IN THREE DIFFERENT LOCATION. EACH S1
CONTROLS TWO BULBS AT THE SAME TIME.

ONE BULB CONTROLLED BY TWO THREE-WAY SWITCHES

IN TWO DIFFERENT LOCATION.

106
107
 ONE BULB CONTROLLED BY TWO THREE-WAY SWITCHES

IN TWO DIFFERENT LOCATION.

THREE BULBS CONTROLLED BY TWO THREE-WAY SWITCHES

IN TWO DIFFERENT LOCATION.

108
109
 ONE BULB CONTROLLED BY TWO THREE-WAY SWITCHES

AND ONE FOUR-WAY SWITCH IN THREE DIFFERENT LOCATION.

TWO BULBS CONTROLLED BY TWO THREE-WAY SWITCHES

AND ONE FOUR-WAY SWITCH IN THREE DIFFERENT LOCATION.

110
 Self-Check 4.2

Direction: draw a schematic diagram based on the situation given below.

Situation 1: a pair of lamp is controlled by one single pole switch while a single
lamp is controlled by a pair of three-way switches.

Situation 2: two lamps are controlled by two pairs of three-way switch while 3
lamps is controlled by one single pole switch.

111
Direction; Read the statement carefully in column A and choose your best answer in column B. Write
your answer in the space provided.

Column A Column B

______ 1. A diagram that intended to show in the simple way the

A. SPST Switch
flow of current in the circuit.

______ 2. A device that contain two poles and can be connected to

B. DPDT
either two types of source of power (for normal and emergency
power).

______ 3. A device use to control a lamp in one location.

C. 3-way switch
______4. A diagram that shows the exact route of wires, location of
D. Schematic diagram
boxes and connection of devices in the circuit.

______5. A device that can control lamps in possible two locations.

E. Wiring diagram

F. 4-way switch

112
 INFORMATION SHEET 4.4
Close Circuit Television

Learning Objective: by the end of reading the information sheet, you should be able to identify the
different components of close circuit television and its proper terminations.

What is a Close Circuit Television?

CCTV (closed-circuit television) is a TV system in which signals are

not publicly distributed but are monitored, primarily for surveillance and
security purposes.

CCTV relies on strategic placement of cameras, and observation of the camera's input on monitors
somewhere. Because the cameras communicate with monitors and/or video recorders across private
coaxial cable runs or wireless communication links, they gain the designation "closed-circuit" to indicate
that access to their content is limited by design only to those able to see it.

Close Circuit Camera

Is the 24-hour protection for home and commercial building to monitor and access the video
anytime, anywhere on this devise.

Direct Video Recorder (DVR)

is an electronic device that records video in a digital format to a disk drive, USB flash drive, SD
memory card, SSD or other local or

networked mass storage device.

TV Monitor

used in a studio for monitoring the program being broadcast. tv monitor. monitor - electronic
equipment that is used to check the quality or content of electronic transmissions.

113
Power Supply

is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load The primary function of a
power supply is to convert electric current from a source to the correct voltage, current, and frequency to
power the load. As a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters.

Siamese Cable

It is used to describe things from a type of cat to conjoined twins to a language. In the data
world, siamese cable stands for a cable that is built to include both video and power. In contrast to Power
over Ethernet (PoE), the power is attached to the side of the data cable.

Bayonet Neill Concelman (BNC Connectors)

is a miniature quick connect/disconnect radio frequency connector used for coaxial cable.

114
Video Graphics Arrey (VGA)

A VGA (video graphics array) connector was created for use with many types of devices that had
graphics cards.

CCTV SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

115
 Self-Check 4.4

A.) Matching type:

Column A Column B

______1. A. VGA Chord

B. BNC Connectors

______2. C. Power Supply

D. Direct Video Recorder

______3 E. TV Monitor

F. CCTV Camera

______4 G. Siamese Cable

______5

______6

______7

116
B.) Illustrate: draw the schematic diagram for Close Circuit Television.

117
 Information Sheet 4.5

Fire Alarm System

Learning objective: by the end of reading this information sheet, you should be able to identify the
purpose of Fire Alarm System and its components.

What is the role of Fire Alarm System work?

In the simplest terms, the role of a fire alarm system is to detect

fires and alert both building occupants and emergency personnel from a
centrally monitored and controlled location.

These systems also self-monitor, identifying where within the building(s) alarms originate from and
detecting when errors occur in wiring and connections that may hinder the system from working
correctly.

In essence, a fire alarm system has four key functions: detect, alert, monitor, and control. These
sophisticated systems use a network of devices, appliances, and control panels to carry out these four
functions.

How do Fire Alarm System detect a fire?

The way a fire alarm system detects a fire is through its initiating
devices, discussed above.

The fire alarm panel is connected to the system’s initiating devices through either 2- or 4-wire circuits.
This circuitry allows the control panel to monitor the state of its initiating devices, usually by zones,
identifying whether the devices are in normal or alarm mode. The control panel shows these readings on
its display panel.

When a fire starts, the smoke or heat will activate one of the initiating devices, or someone will activate
the manual pull station, alerting the fire alarm system to the fire and putting it in alarm mode.

118
 Components of Fire Alarm System

Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP)

An FACP is the “brain” of the fire alarm system to which all other devices are connected. When
an initiating device (such as a smoke detector or a manual pull station) transmits an alarm signal to the
FACP, it activates the notification devices to alert the occupants via audible and visual alarm devices.

Manual Call Point (MCP)

manual call point is a device which enables personnel to raise an alarm in the event of a fire
incident by pressing a frangible element to activate the alarm system. A fire alarm call point should be
installed at a height of 1.4m above floor level at easily accessible and conspicuous positions.

Smoke Detector

smoke detectors issue a signal to a fire alarm control panel as part

of a building’s central fire alarm system. By law all workplaces must
have a smoke detection system.
Household smoke detectors, or smoke alarms, issue an audible and/or visual alarm locally from the
detector itself. They can be battery-powered single units or several interlinked hardwired (mains-
powered) devices backed up by batteries. The latter must be installed in all new buildings and after
major refurbishments.

119
Heat Detector

A heat detector is a fire alarm device designed to respond when the convected thermal
energy of a fire increases the temperature of a heat sensitive element. The thermal mass and
conductivity of the element regulate the rate flow of heat into the element. All heat detectors have
this thermal lag. Heat detectors have two main classifications of operation, "rate-of-rise" and "fixed
temperature". The heat detector is used to help in the reduction of property damage.

Fire Alarm Bell

Is a device used to emit sound to alert both civilians and authorities that a fire has broken out in
an event of an outbreak.

Strobe lights

A device that flashes when it detects a problem in the system indicating that there is a problem
or fire.

120
 Self-check 4.5

Identification: identify the names of the following devices.

1) ________________ 6) _________________

2) ________________

3) ________________

4) _______________

5) _______________

121
 FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
TYY
SMOKE DETECTOR (SD) FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANEL (FACP)

MANUAL CALL POINT (MCP)

ALARM BELL (AB)

PYRGUARD
SMOKE DETECTOR (SD) FIREALARM CONTROL PANEL (FACP)

MANUAL CALL POINT (MCP)

ALARM BELL (AB)

122
 Answer key

ANSWER KEY 1.1 ANSWER KEY 1.2 ANSWER KEY 1.3 ANSWER KEY 1.5
IDENTIFICATION
1) D ANSWER KEY 1. Long nose plier
I. 1.4 2. Lineman’s plie
1. D 2) A
1. CHEMICAL AGENTS 3. Wire stripper
2. ENVIRONAMENTAL 2. A 3) A 4. Portable electric drill
3. BIOLOGICAL AGENTS 3. B 4) B 5. Glove
1) T 6. Goggles
4. ERGONOMICS 4. D 5) B 2) T 7. Philip screw driver
5. ENVIRONMENTAL 5. A 3) F 8. Hammer
II. 4) T 9. Flat screw driver
Answer key 1.7 Answer key5)1.8T Answer10. Hard hat helmet
1. TAnswer key 1.6 key 1.9

2. T 1. A 2 TYPES OF BEND
MATCHING TYPE
Test A3. T 1. A
2. B 1. C
2. C  OFFSET
4. 902. H
1. BT 3. B 3. B


3. D
2. D 4. A 4. A
4. A
CLASSIFICATION OF CONDUIT
5. B
3. A 5. B
6. A 
5. I
METAL CONDUIT

4. C 6. A  6.B
NON-METAL
7. C CONDUIT
7. D
5. E 7. C 8. A
1.to provide a
8. F
8. A 9. B
Test B. 10. A means for 9. the
J
9. B running wires 10. G
10. A from one point to
another.
2.To physically
protect the wires
3.To provide a
grounded
enclosure
4.To protect the
wiring system
from damage by
the building and
the occupants.

123
 ANSWER KEYS

Answer key 2.2 ANSWER KEY OF SELF CHECK 2.5

ANSWER KEY
OF SELF CHECK 1. General
2.1
2. Household
1. G 1.a ranges and
cooking
2. E 2.b appliances
3. B
3.c 3. Other Loads
4. C
4. Thermal Trip
4.a
5. H
5. Electromagnet
5.a Trip
6. Household
ranges and
cooking
appliances
7.Bolt-on mounted type circuit breakers
8.Plug-in type circuit breakers

ANSWER KEY 2.6

1) Fuse
2) NEMA 3R
3) Ground fault
4) Fuse link
5) 15 ampere
6) Short circuit
7) Voltage rating
8) Interrupting capacity
9) Knock out
10) De-energize or switch off

ANSWER KEY

1. Luminaire
2. Indoor ceiling fan with light
3. Chandelier
4. Compact fluorescent lamp
5. Recessed light
6. Standard outlet
7. GFCI
8. Grounding system
9. Ungrounded system
10. Low resistance grounding
11. Resistance grounded system
12. High resistance grounding
13. Grounding plate
14. Grounding pipes and rods
15. Solidly grounded system
16. Direct stroke

124
 17. Indirect stroke
18. Air terminal
19. Ground conductor
20. Grounding rod

ANSWERS KEY
SELF CHECK 4.1
SELF CHECK 4.2
answer key DEVICE DESCRIPTION

1) D 2 gang
2) B convenience
outlet with
3) A ground –surface
4) E type
5) C
SELF CHECK 4.3
Tandem ground
Answer key outlet
1) A
2) D
3) E
4) G
SELF CHECK 4.4 Floor mounted
outlet
A. 1) F
2) E
3) G Air-con tandem
4) A outlet

5) D
6) C
7) B
Computer
B. modular outlet

SELF CHECK 4.5

1) ALARM BELL
2)SMOKE DETECTOR

125
3)FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANEL
4)HEAT DETECTOR
5)MANUAL CALL POINT

126
 REFERENCES
WEEK 1
PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE 2000 EDITION
ELECTRICAL LAYOUT AND ESTIMATE BY MAX B. FAJARDO
TESDA COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT

127