MLSMV 301 3RD YEAR - 2ND SEMESTER (SY ‘24-’25)
MYCOLOGY & VIROLOGY (LECTURE)
INTRODUCTION TO MYCOLOGY Fungi can produce/secrete enzymes
that could degrade organic
I. MYCOLOGY substances
The study of fungi, as fungi are considered This organic substances is converted
eukaryotic type of organisms that evolve in to a more soluble form, then
tandem in tandem to animal kingdom absorbed passively into the fungi
II. FUNGI body through active transport
Saphrophytic
Considered a true type of cell Can feed on dead organic matter
Possess complete set of cellular (dead plants & animals) as their
components/organelles source of nutrients
Fungi = Plural (Group of eukaryotic
organisms) 2.2 Fungal Vs Bacterial Cells
Fungus = Singular (One specific species) Fungal cells have rigid cell wall external
to the cytoplasmic membrane
Only fungal cells produce chitin
(makes it rigid)
Cytoplasmic membrane sterol
component
→ Predominant sterol components:
Fungal cell - ergosterol
Mammalian cell - cholesterol
DNA content
Fungal cell DNA is haploid
Diploid DNA content is formed
through sexual reproduction
Cell wall components
→ Fungal cell wall lacks:
Peptidoglycan
2.1 Characteristics of Fungi Lipoic/Techoic acid
Glycerol
Most fungi are non-motile and non- Lipopolyssacharide
photosynthetic → Fungal cell wall contains:
Cell wall is rigid because it possess Complex polyssacharides
chitin (special type of protein), which Mannan group
makes the cell wall of fungi rigid in Glucan group
nature Chitin (structural protein)
Chitin makes fungi cells resistant to
some chemical agents III. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI
Fungi lack chlorophyl (non- Fungi cells can be differentiated base on
photosynthetic) their morphological forms
Each fungal cell has at least one nucleus These two forms are clinically
→ Distinct features: significant to man:
Nuclear membrane 3.1 Yeast
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria Single type of cells, spherical in shape, and
Secretory apparatus varying diameter from 3-15 µm
Most fungi are obligate or facultative Unicellular
aerobes CULTURE MEDIA APPEARANCE
→ Obligate Aerobes Ressembles a creamy bacterial
Organisms that require oxygen for colony
growth SURVIVE AT
True respiration process Body temperature
Organism that can utilize oxygen to 3.2 Molds
metabolize substances Grow as filamentous, tube-like structures
→ Facultative Aerobes called a hyphae that varies in diameter from
Organisms that require oxygen, but 2-10 µm
can survive without oxygen Multicellular
Can generate ATP through CULTURE MEDIA APPEARANCE
fermentation if oxygen is not present Cottony micelial mass
Chemotropic SURVIVE AT
Room temperature
PREPARED BY: DELA CRUZ, ARVIN JULES F.
BS MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY THIRD YEAR - SECOND SEMESTER | BULSU (MAIN) 1
ASF
Mycelia
- a group or mass of hyphae
- micelia (plural)
- micelium (singular)
Hyphae
- root like structures that unique to molds
Characteristic Yeast Molds
Structure Mostly Multicellula
unicellular and r with
existing with tubular
NOTE:
buds growing filamentous
Vegetative = for growth
on them hyphae
Aerial = for reproduction
(Branches)
Appearance Round or Threadlike V. DIFF. APPEARANCE OF HYPHAE
Oval-shaped Septate
Method of Budding or Production Cross walls (septa)
Reproduction Binary Fission of Sexual Septated hyphae
or asexual Aseptate
spores Without cross walls (septa)
3.3 Budding Vs Binary Fission Hyaline
Transparent hyphae
Budding Has no color bacause it usually
Asexual reproduction uptake the stain during staining
Blastogenesis Dematiaceous
Type of asexual reproduction Opposite of hyaline type
wherein there is an Pigmented hyphae (has color)
development of new organism Mycelium
from the outgrowth or budding Many hyphae are joined together
due to cell division
Binary Fission VI. PARTS OF MYCELIUM
Asexual reproduction Thallus
There is a separation of a boyd into Vegetative part of mycelium
two new bodies Absorbs nutrients and water
Organism duplicates its genetic Aerial
composition Reproductive part of mycelium
IV. TYPES OF HYPHAE Carries the protein bodies that
produces the reproductive structure
Hyphae Spores/Conidia (protein bodies)
Hypha = plural
Hyphae = singular VII. VARIABLE FUNGI
Mycelia = group of hyphae The variation/form makes the fungi become
(mycelium singular) pathogenic
Is a long branching filamentous Allows it to adapt to the environment
structure of fungus Fungi that can transition between yeast &
Mostly the main source of vegetative hyphae (molds) morphologies
growth of molds FUNGAL FORM GROWTH PHASE
4.1 Vegetative Hyphae Monomorphic Fungi Has one growth phase
(One form) (Yeast or Mold)
Could penetrate culture media and
responsible for food absorption Dimorphic Fungi → Mold grows at room
temperature (20-25°C)
4.2 Aerial Hyphae → Yeast grows at
Directed above the surface of the culture body temperature
media (37°C) and in tissues
4.3 Reproductive Hyphae MOSTLY
PATHOGENIC
A type of aerial hyphae that carries the Diphastic Fungi Mold at room
reproductive spores (Depends of temperature and at
Temperature) 37°C; Yeast in Tissues
PREPARED BY: DELA CRUZ, ARVIN JULES F.
BS MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY THIRD YEAR - FIRST SEMESTER | BULSU (MAIN) 2
ASF
