THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING: LEVEL (I) EXAMINATION

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

ENGINEERING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (ENGG1006)

DATE: 16 DECEMBER, 2008 TIME: 9:30 am - 12:30 pm (3 hours)

This paper is divided into two sections. Section A contains Question 1 and Section B contains
Questions 2 to 5.

Answer ALL questions (all questions are compulsory)

Each question carries 20 marks

- Provide your answers to Section A (i.e. Question 1) in the multiple choice answer sheet.

- Provide your answers to Section B (i.e. Questions 2 to 5) in the answer booklet.

Use of Electronic Calculators:

Candidates may use any calculator which fulfils the following criteria:
(a) it should be self-contained, silent, battery-operated and pocket-sized;
(b) it should have numeral-display facilities only and should be used only for the purpose of
calculation;
(c) it should not have any printing device, alphanumeric keyboard, or graphic display; and
(d) it should not contain any recorded data or program.

It is the candidate's responsibility to ensure that the calculator operates satisfactorily and the
candidate must record the name and type of the calculator on the front page of the examination
scripts. Lists of permitted/prohibited calculators will not be made available to candidates for
reference, and the onus will be on the candidate to ensure that the calculator used will not be in
violation of the criteria listed above.

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 SECTION A

Question 1
List all answers to Question 1 in sequence in the attached answer sheet. Each question has only one
correct answer. Giving more than one answer to a question is considered a wrong answer.

(a) In the biotic environment, we distinguish between organisms, which can produce organic
matter from inorganic matter (producers), and organisms, which depend on existing organic
matter (consumers). Which of the following is NOT a producer:
(a) tree, (b) grass, (c) cattle, (d) algae, (e) chemoautotroph. (1 mark)

(b) Which one of the following elements is NOT a major nutrient required for the growth of
organisms and hence NOT part of an important biogeochemical cycle?
(a) C, (b) N, (c) Cl, (d) P, (e) S. (1 mark)

(c) Which of the following is NOT an important category of material consumption in Hong
Kong? (a) fossil fuel, (b) construction material, (c) food, (d) air, (e) consumer goods.
(1 mark)

(d) Which of the following is NOT an important environmental impact due to Hong Kong's
resource consumption: (a) municipal solid waste generation, (b) air pollution, (c)
deforestation, (d) sewage generation, (e) sediment contamination. (1 mark)

(e) The population of Hong Kong is expected to increase between 2005 and 2015 from 6.935
million to 7.512 million. Assuming exponential growth, how much would be the approximate
annual growth rate: (a) 0.2%, (b) 0.4%, (c) 0.6%, (d) 0.8%, or (e) 1.0%. (4 marks)

(f) The mean daily global solar radiation of Hong Kong is 14 MJ/m2 • Assuming that (i) 0.2% of
all incoming solar radiation was photosynthetically converted to rice, and (ii) an annual per
capita consumption of 45 kg rice (Energy content of 1 kg rice = 14 MJ/kg), how many km of
land are necessary to grow the required rice for Hong Kong's population of 6.8 million
people. (a) 41.9 km2, (b) 83.8 km2, (c) 419 km2, (d) 838 km2, (e) 4,190 km2• (4 marks)

(g) Hong Kong's long-term average rainfall is about 2,200 mm per year. Assuming an annual rice
crop yield of 5.5 tonnes per hectare in Guangdong, how much rainwater was used to produce
1 kg of rice? (a) 0.12 m 3, (b) 1.2 m\ (c) 4.0 m 3, (d) 7.2 m 3, (e) 12m3• (4 marks)

(h) Hong Kong's long-term average rainfall is about 2,200 mm per year. Assume that 44% of the
rainfall can be captured for drinking water supply. Given Hong Kong's daily average
freshwater supply of 2.64 million m3, how much larger is Hong Kong's water footprint (area
needed to produce the required water supply) than its actual area of 1,108 km2?
(a) 0.2 times, (b) 0.5 times, (c) 0.9 times, (d) 1.8 times, (e) 4.5 times. (4 marks)

END OF SECTION A

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 SECTIONB

Question 2
(a) List three examples of engineering wonders (as per the course lecture notes) from the:
(i) ancient world (not including the Great Pyramid of Giza) (3 marks)
(ii) medieval world (3 marks)
(iii) industrial world (3 marks)
(iv) modem world (not including the modem city ofDubai) (3 marks)

(b) Which of the following two engineering wonders do you think will still be standing in 1000
years time? Why?
- Great Pyramid of Giza
- Modem city of Dubai (8 marks)

Question 3
Briefly describe the following technical terms (give examples where applicable) and describe their
application and importance to modem day engineering systems:
(a) strength (4 marks)
(b) density (4 marks)
(c) hardness (4 marks)
(d) elasticity (4 marks)
(e) thermal expansion (4 marks)

Question 4
With reference to Figure 1:
(a) Represent one of the cranes by an idealised two-dimensional line drawing
(also referred to as an idealised model) and indicate important structural features (4 marks)
(b) Show all possible loads on your part (a) idealised line drawing (4 marks)
(c) Identify 3 different crane failure modes and describe each failure mode in detail (6 marks)
(d) What is redundancy and why is it important?
How much redundancy (if any) does each crane have? (6 marks)

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 Figure 1

Question 5

(a) What is a Green Building? (4 marks)

(b) List and describe in detail 4 different features of a Green Building (6 marks)

(c) What is Sustainable Development? (4 marks)

(d) List and describe in detail 4 different features of a sustainable city (6 marks)

END OF SECTION B

-END OF PAPER-

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• THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG
DEPARTMffiNTOFCnnLENGUffiEIDNG
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGUffiEIDNG

ENGG1006 ENGUffiEIDNG FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

FINAL EXAMINATION
DATE: 16 DECEMBER, 2008 TIME: 9:30am- 12:30 pm

MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER SHEET: SECTION A

STUDENT NUMBER: - - - - - - - -

Please circle the correct answer.

1 (a) a b c d e

1 (b) a b c d e

1 (c) a b c d e

1 (d) a b c d e

1 (e) a b c d e

1 (f) a b c d e

1 (g) a b c d e

1 (h) a b c d e

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