Notes ni tingting
LABORATORY SAFETY - The holes allow the insertion of tubing,
probes, or thermometers as needed bu
1. The Most Important Lab Safety Rule:• the experiment.
Follow the instructions! 9. Test tubes and rack
2. Know the Location of Safety Equipment - Used to hold chemicals/tubes whil
3. Dress for the Lab experimenting
4. Don't Eat or Drink in the Laboratory - Notfor measuring precisely
5. Don't Taste or Sniff Chemicals - Sizes vary
6. Act Responsibly in the Lab - Label tubes.
7. Dispose Lab Waste Properly 10. Distillation Flask
8. Leave Experiments at the Lab - Used to separate liquids based on
boiling point.
11. Buret and Buret Clamp
waste disposal, - Used for precisely measuring dispensed
liquids
LABORATORY APPARATUS/EQUIPMENT - Holds buret to ring stand.
1. Beaker 12. Ring stand and ring clamps
- used for holding various chemicals - Base/Pole of set-up for experimenting
- not for measuring precisely - Holds glassware in place for heating or
- sizes vary evaporating.
2. Graduated Cylinder 13. Test tube brush
- Used to precisely measure the volume - Cleaning
of liquids or run experiments - (clean tubes before and after use.)
- Read from the meniscus at eye level 14. Test tube holder
- Plastic ring always on top if applicable - Used for carrying or holding hot test
- sizes vary tubes
3. Erlenmeyer Flask 15. Thermometer
- Used to approximately measure the - Measuring temperature
volume of various liquids - Use metric
- Used for mixing by swirling 16. Hot plate
- Sizes vary - Used to heat substances
4. Florence Flask 17. Bunsen burner
- Used to boil liquids - Used to heat substances quickly or if
- Also used to collect gases 400oC is needed
- Sizes vary - Do not use with flammable substances.
5. Volumetric Flask 18. Rubber Tubing
- Used to prepare precise standard - Used for: Connecting bunsen burner to
solutions gas valve system
- They are only good for 1 specific volume - Connecting glass tubing together.
- Sizes vary 19. Wire mesh or gauze
6. Glass stirring rod - Used to absorb and spread the heat of
- Used to mix solutions in a beaker flame
- Also reffered to as “swizzle stick” - Keeps glassmware from cracking and
7. Reagent Bottle breaking.
- Used to store, transport, or view - Part of ring stand set-up
reagents (acids or bases) 20. Clay Triangle
8. Rubber stoppers - Used to hold a crucible in place on a
- Used to close flasks and test tubes ring stand.
Notes ni tingting
- Also helps absorb and spread heat of - More precise than the triple beam
flame. balance
21. Crucible and cover 36. Pipet, pump, and bulb
- Used for heating substances - Used to precisely measure the colume
- Can withstand high direct heat. of liquids in small amounts.
22. Tongs 37. Beral Pipet
- Used to carry crucible - Disposable pipette used to transfer
- Used to carry breakers small amounts of chemicals
23. Mortar and Pestle - Graduated pipette can precisely
- Used to grind substances into powder or measure small amounts of chemicals
slurry. 38. Capillary tubes
24. Scoopula - Used to collect liuid through the process
- Used to scoop chemical powders. of capillary actions.
- Not a measuring instrument 39. pH meter
25. Watch glass - Determines the acidity or alkalinity of
- Used to show chemical reactions. solutions.
26. Evaporating dish 40. Condenser tubes
- Used to evaporate excess liquids - Cool and condense apor during
27. Centrifuge distillation
- Used to separate suspensions (solids 41. Goggles and apron/Lab coat
from liquids) - Used to protect your eyes and clothing
28. Filter funnel from damage
- Used to safely transfer substances from - These are a must in the lab
one container to another 42. Dessicator
- Seperates solids and liquids using filter - Stores substances ina moisture-free
paper. environment.
29. Seperatory funnel 43. Spectrophotometer
- Seperates immiscible liquids - Measure light absorption ot analyze
30. Dropper with Bottle samples.
- Used to measure out small amounts of 44. Calorimeter
liquids for ecperiments. - Measures heat changes during
31. Wash bottle reactions.
- Usually contains deionized water. 45. Rotary evaporator
- Handy for rinsing glassware and for - Remove solvents by evaporation
dispensing small amounts of f dH2Ofor reduced pressure.
chemical reactions.
32. Digital Balance LABORATORY OPERATIONS AND
- Used to accurately measure mass. TECHNIQUES
- Only up to 200g in our labs
33. Triple beam balance A. Handling liquid
- Measure the mass of an object. - Transferring into a
- Make certain the balance is calibrated narrow-mouthed container (such
correctly before use as test tube, graduated cylinder,
34. Double pan balance flasks)
- Used to compare the masses of two - Transferring into a
substances. wide-mouthes container (such
35. Centrigram balance as beaker)
- Used to precisely measure the mass of B. Handling solids/powder
a substance
Notes ni tingting
- transferring into a wide- - Used of spring balance
mouthed container 5. Measuring the temperature
- transferring into a narrow- - Used of thermometer
mouthed container
C. Heating
- Using a test tube
- Using other containers (beaker,
flask, etc.)
D. Determining the odor of a chemical
- We determine the ordor of
chemicals by fanning gently
towards the nostrils/
E. Tasting chemcals
- We taste chemicals by dipping
the stirring rod into the chemical
and bringing it to the tip of the
tongue. DON’T SWALLOW! Spit
immediately and wash the
tongue with water
F. Diluting acid
- Always add the acid to the
water.Otherwise, the acid can
splash you and get on your skin
and also if it is a concentrated
acid, as you dilute it, alot of heat
is generated, and you want the
larger volume of water to be
able to absorb that heat.
G. Determining the acidity and alkalinity of
a chemical
- Blue litmus paper turns red =
acidic
- Red litmus paper turns blue =
basic
H. Filtration
I. Measuring
1. Measuring the Volume of Liquid – read
at the lower meniscus for colorless liquid
and read at the upper meniscus for
colored liquid and should be at an eye
level
2. Measuring the volume of Solids
a. Irregularly-shaped solid –use the
Water Displacement Method (V=FR- IR)
b. Regularly-shaped solidV = l x w x h
3. Measuring the mass
- used of platform balance, triple beam
balance, weighing scale
4. Force
