OERIMENT 6.

1 (a)
analyse the given salt for acidic and
Aim To basic radicals.
Experiment
PhysicalExamination Observation Inference

(n Note the colour of the salt. White aP Fe,Co, NP, M absent

()Notethe smell of the salt. No smel
Dry heating test may be absent.
NH and S
Heated a pinch of the salt in a
A colourless, odourless gas
dry test tube. CO may be present
evolved which turns lime water
Noted the colour of the residue. milky-COD2.
White residue which glows on Residue may be Cao.
3 Flame test
heating
Make a thin paste of a pinch of
Brick red colour imparted to Ca? may be present.
the salt with conc. HCI and
flame.
preformed flame test.
Borax bead test
Did not perfom Borax bead test Cu2, Fe, Mn2, Ni2, Co2
since the given salt was white. absent
5. Characoal Cavity test
Mix a pinch of the salt with No metallic bead formed.
double the quantity of sodium Pb2, Cu2 absent
carbonate. Moisten with a drop
of water and heat in a charcoal
cavity in the reducing flame. White residue. Zn2, Co2, Ni2, Mn2, Fe
Cabalt nitrate test absent
Perform cobalt nitrate test as the
residue obtained in the above
test is white.
Nothing conclusive A, Zn2, Mg2, POabsent.
 Experiment Observation Inference
Sodium hydroxide test NH absent
Heat a pinch of the salit with No smell of NH3
NaOH
8. Di. HS0, test
CO present.
Treat a pinch of the salt with dil Colourless, odourless gas evolved
HSO4 which turned lime water milky.
9. Conc. Ha SO test
(areat
conc.
a pinch of
H2SO,
the salt with
in a dry test
Colourless,odouriess gas evolved co present
which turned lime water milky.
tube.
(b) Heat the contents of the test No gas evolved. C, Br, , CH,CO0, NO,
tube.
C20 absent.
10.
Confirmatory test for Co
Shake the given salt with water
and fiter.
a Add dil. HCI to the filtrate.
(b) Add dil. HCI to the residue. No gas evolved. Soluble carbonate absent.
Wet tests for basic radicals Colourless,odourless gas evolved Insoluble carbonate confirmed
11. Preparation of the which turns lime water milky
obiginal
solution (O. S). (CO)
(a) Shake the given salt with
water, if insoluble, heat. Insoluble both in cold and hot
water.
(bTreatthe salt with dil HCI. The salt dissolves.
12. As the O.S. is prepared in dil
HCI, group I is absent. Group I absent
13. Through a part of the O.S pass No ppt.
H2S Group l absent
14. Take another
part of the O.S add No ppt.
NHCI (s) boil and cool add Group l absent.
NH OH (aq) in excess.
15. Through
one part of the above
No ppt.
solution pass H2S. Group IV absent
16 To the remaining solution from
step 14 add freshly prepared
White ppt.
Group V present.
ammonium carbonate solution
wam and allowed to stand.
17. Filter the above white ppt.
Dissolve the ppt. indill acetic
acid and divide into three parts.
(aTo one part of the above
No ppt.
solution add potassium Ba2 absent.
chromate solution.
(bTo the second part of the
No ppt.
above solutioon add Sr2 absent
ammonium sulphate.
( To the third part of the above
solution add ammonium White ppt.
Ca2 confirmed.
oxalate.
18. Preform flame test with original
salt and observe the colour of Brick red flame with naked
eye. Ca2 confirmed.
the flame with naked
eye, as well
Light yellowish green through blue Ca2 confirmed.
as through blue glass. glass
Result. Acid radical:CO
60 Basic radical:Ca
Dinesh Practical Chemistry X
 ERINE
1alys the given salt for acidic and
uin:10
ana

basic radical.
E x p e r i m e n t

PhysicalExamination Observation Inference

Noted the colour
of the given
Dirty white
salt.
smell of the salt. Cu2, Fe2, Co2*, Ni2*, Mn2* absent.
Noted the No smell.
()
Dryheatingtest NH and s2may be present.
eated a pinch of the salt in a
Hear
Smell of
dry test tube. burning
sulphur, SOg, so or S may be
colourless gas which turns
acidified KCr207 green present.
SO2 -

Noted the colour of the residue. Yellow when hot white when cold.
a Flametest Zn2 may
Zn2 may be present.
present.
Made a thin paste of a pinch of No characteristic colour in the
the salt with conc. HCI and Ba2, Sr2, Ca2*,Cu2 absent.
flame.
preformed flame test.
Borax bead test Cu2+, Fe3, Mn2*, Ni2*, Co2 absent
Did not perform Borax bead test
since the given salt was white.
Charcoal Cavity test
Mixed a pinch of the salt with No bead is formed. Residue, Zn2 may be present.
double the quantity of sodium
yellow when hot, white, when cold.
carbonate. Moistened with a
drop of water and heated in a
charcoal cavity in the reducing
flame.
6 Cabalt nitrate test Zn may be present.
nitrate Greenish residue
Performed cobalt
charcoal cavity test with the
white residue.
Sodium hydroxide test NH absent.
No smell of NH3
Heated a pinch of the salt with
NaOH.
8 Dil. HS0 test of $ may be present
a smell
Colourless gas with
Ireated a pinch of the salt with turns lead acetate
dIl H2SO4 and warmed. rotten eggs

paper
black -

H2S
Conc. H2 SO, test Colourless gas with a smell of s may be present.
) Treated a small quantity of turns lead acetate
In rotten eggs
Thesalt with conc. H2SO4 paper black-H2S
a dry test tube.

o) Heat the contents of the test No gas

evolved. CF, Br, , CHCOO NO
tube Ca0 absent.
Gonfirmatory test for S
Asthe given salt i s insoluble

Water, pare Na2C0 extract

and test for S2 61
 Observation
Experiment
sconfirmed.
Inferencea
a To one part of NazCO3 Purple colouration
extract add 1-2 drops of
sodium nitroprusside
reagent
(b) To another part of Na2CO3 Yellow ppt.
extract add solid cadmium Sconfirmed.
carbonate.
Wet testsfor basic radicals
11. Preparation of the obiginal
solution (0. S.).
(a) Shook the pinch of the salt The salt was insoluble incold
with cold water. water.
(b) Reated the contents of the The salt was insoluble in hot
test tube. water.
(c)Shook a pinch of the salt The salt dissolves
with dil. HCI.
Label it as O.S.
12. As the O.S. was prepared in dil
HCI, group l is absent Group I absent.
13. Passed H2S gas through a No ppt. fommed Group ll absent.
portion of the above solution.
14. To another
portionof the original No ppt. formed Group ll absent
solution added about 1 g of
solid ammonium chioride.
Boiled and cooled. Added
ammonium hydroxide solution
with shaking till the solution
begin to smell of ammonia.
15. Passed HS. gas
through a part
of above solution.
Bluish white ppt. Group V (Zn) present
16. Confirmatory Tests for Zn
Either dissolve bluish white ppt.
in dil HCi and boil or take OS.
(a) To one part of O.S. add A white appt. which dissolves in
NaOH (ag)
Zn2 confimed.
excess of NaOH(ag)
(b) To another part of O.S. add White or bluish white ppt
1-2 drops of potassium Zn confirmed.
ferrocyanide solution
Result. Acid radical S2; Basic radical:Zn2

CHPERIMENT 6.1 (c)

Aim To analyse the given salt for the acid and basic radical by dry and wet tests.

Experiment Observation Inference

1. Physical Examination
(a) Noted the colour of the given salt. White
(b) Noted the smell of the salt.
CuP, Co3, NP, Mn2 absent
Ammonical smell
Dry heating test NH may be present
Heated a pinch of the salt in a dry A Colourless gas
test tube.
having NH may be present
ammonical smel turned
Nessler's reagent brown.
cticai Chemistry
 N p e r i m m e n t

A
Observalion Inference

sublimate formod on the NHmaybe presert.

G0oler part of the
the colouI of the residue
White resldues tubhe be
Ba, Ca?", Pb" may
Notor

NH,
Flanestes present.
thin paste of a
pinoh of No Cu absent.
Made
a
with cono, HCI and
charnctoristio colour in the Ea, S, Ca,
tho
salt flame
gformed lamo test
Bormx bead lent
absent.
kd not porfom
Borax bead
tost C Mn2, NP*, Co?*
since the given
salt Wan white,
Characoal Cavity test
Mixed a plnch of the salt with White resicduø Ph absent.
dauble the,quantity of sodium
Ccautbonate. Moistened with a drop
heated In a charcoal
of water and
cavity in the roducing flame.
Cabalt nitrate test

To the abovo whito residue addod Black residuo PO,Zn*absent.

a drop of cobalt nitrato solution.
Heated in oxidising flame.
Sodium hydroxide tost
A colourless gas having NH present.
Heated a pinch of th0 salt with
ammonical emell, turned
NaOH.
Nessler's reagønt brown.
. Dil. H,SO, test
of the salt with No gas evolved. co,S2, so, NOZ absent
Treated a pinch
dil. H,SO4 and warmed.
9. Conc. H,SO, test Cr, Br,F, CH,cOo, NOg absent
No gas ovolved.
Heated a pinch of the salt with
conc. H2SO4 The salt is soluble in water.
A clear solution is obtained.
10, Shook a little of the salt with
distilled water.
Test for sulphate
11. Barium chloride test
White ppt. insoluble in conc. HCI SOf confirmed
To one part of the aqueous
solution of the salt added bariumn
chloride solution.
SO confirmed.
12, Motch stick test Purple stroaks
Applied a paste of the mixture
of the white ppt. and sodium
and
Carbonate on a match stick
heated it in the roducing flame.
into mass
Dropped the fused
s0dium nitroprusside solutio
taken in a test tube.
Confirmatory tests for NH
3.Sodium hydroxide test NH
NH Confirmed.
Confirmed.
A pungont gas having
Hoated a pinch of the solid salt anmonical emell produced.
With sodium hydroxide White fumes produced.
Brought a glass rod dipped in
of
Conc. HCI neat the mouth
 Observation
Inference
Experiment NH confirmed.
14. Nessler's reagent test Brown ppt. formed.
Passed the evolved gas Step
13 into Nessler's reagent.
Result. Acid radical: So: Basic radical: NH4
CHPERIMENT6.1 (d)
Aim To analyse the given saltfor acidic and basic radicals.

EXperiment Observation aa
Inference
1. Physical Examination
Cu2, Ni2, Mn2, Co absent.
(a) Noted the colour of the salt. White
(b) Noted the smell of the salt. and S may be absent.
No smell NH
Dry heating test
Heated a pinch of the salt in a dry A reddish brown pungent NO and NO present
test tube. smelling gas evolved which
turned FesO4 solution black.
Noted the colour of the residue. No change in the colour of the Zn, Pb2* absent.
3 Flame test residue.
Made a thin paste of a pinch of
the salt with conc. HCI and
Grassy green flame on prolonged Ba2 present
prefomed flame test.
heating.
Borax bead test
Did not perfom Borax bead test
Since the given salt was white. Cu2, Mn2+, Ni2, Co2 absent
Charcoal Cavity test
Mixed a pinch of the salt with White residue Zn2, Pb2+, Mn2 may be absent.
double the quantity of sodium
carbonate. Moistened with a drop
of water and heated in a charcoal
cavity in the reducing flame.
Cabalt nitrate test
To the above white residue added No characteristic colour
a drop of a cobalt nitrate solution.
Zn*, Mg2. PO} absent.
Heated it in the oxidising flame.
Sodium hydroxide test
Heated a pinch of the salt with No smell of NH3 NH absent.
NaOH.
Dil. HSO4 test
Treated a pinch of the salt with dil. No gas evolved.
H2SO and warmed.
co.s so. N0 absent.
9. Conc. HSO4 test
Heated a small quantity of the salt A reddish brown pungent
with conc. H2SO4 NO may be present.
smelling gas evolved which
Confirmatory test for NO turned FeSO4 solution black.
10. Copper chips test. Heated a pinch
of
the sat with conc. H2SO4 and Reddish brown gas evolved. NOg confirmed.
added a few copper
1. chips.
Ring test. To 2-3 cm of the A dark brown ring formed at the
aqueous solution of the salt added
junction of the two NO confirmed.
NO Confirmed.
layers.
Dinesh Practical Chemistry XI
 Experiment

Observation Inference
shly
p r e p a r e d

FeSO4 solution.
Now
added conc. sulphuric acid
added

w
along tthe
h e sides of the test

u b e

Wet tests
for basic radicals
Prepaa ration of the original
olution. Shook a pinch of the The salt was
soluble Label it as O.S.
salt with water.

nissolved about 1 g of the salt

Dissolved

1 5 cms of distilled water. Added No ppt. formed.

Group I absent.
dill.HCI into it. (Absence of Pb2).
14
passed H gas through a No ppt. formed Pb,
nortion of the above solution. Group II absent (absence of
To another portion of the original Cu2, Ass).
5. No ppt. formed
solution added about 1 g of solid Group Il absent (absence of A
ammonium chloride. Boiled and Fe).
cooled. added ammonium
hydroxide solution with shaking
til the solution began to smell
of ammonia.

16. Passed H2S gas through a part No ppt. formed. Group IV absent.
above solution.
17.To the remaining solution from White ppt. formed.
Step- 15 added freshly prepared Group V present.
ammonium carbonate solution.
Warmed and allowed to stand.
18. Filtered the above white ppt.
Dissolved the ppt. in hot diluted
acetic acid.
a) Potassium chromate test. To Yellow ppt. Ba2 confirmed.
one part of the above
solution, added a few drops
of potassium chromate
Solution. A grassy green flame with Ba2 confirmed
b) Flame test. Performed flame naked eye and green
tet with the given salt. through blue glass.

Hesult: Acid radical NOz: Basic radical Ba",