2025 mv‡ji GBPGmwm cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ ICT mv‡Rkb (kU© wm‡jevm Abyhvqx)

Prepared By
SAKSHAR DAS
B.Sc in EEE (BUET)
M.S in Biomedical Engineering, DU
BCS (ICT)
Officer, Directorate of Secondary & Higher Education, Bangladesh, Dhaka
Mobile No: 01628177919

1g Aa¨vq:

Definition:

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³, Kw¤úDUvi, wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs, B‡gBj, B›Uvi‡bU, fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU, †Uwj‡cÖ‡RÝ, Artificial Intelligence,
ev‡qv‡gwUª·, †iv‡evU, †iv‡evwU·, µv‡qvcÖe, µv‡qv‡RwbK G‡R›U, µv‡qvmvR©vwi, †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis, wRb, wR‡bvg, DNA, RNA,
b¨v‡bv †UK‡bvjwR|

Abyavebg~jK:
cÖkœ-1| Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wek¦‡K nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq wb‡q G‡m‡QÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [w`bvRcyi †evW©-2019]
DËi : eZ©gvb mgq‡K ejv nq Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i hyM ev wek¦vq‡bi hyM| G hy‡Mi cÖavb PvwjKvkw³ Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i mgš^q|
Avi G Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i Kj¨v‡Y mviv wek¦ AvR cwiYZ n‡q‡Q wek¦MÖv‡g| Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i Kj¨v‡Y mviv wek¦ †hb GKwU MÖvg
†hLv‡b mevB GKmv‡_ wbweo m¤ú‡K©i e܇b emevm Ki‡Q| Gfv‡eB Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wek¦‡K nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq wb‡q G‡m‡Q|
cÖkœ-2| Òhš¿ ¯^qswµqfv‡e KvR K‡iÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| [PÆMÖvg †evW©-2016]
DËi : Z_¨ cÖhyw³i Kj¨v‡Y eZ©gv‡b A‡bK hš¿ Avwe®‹vi n‡”Q hv ¯^qswµqfv‡e KvR K‡i| GgbB GKwU ¯^qswµq hš¿ n‡jv †iveU, hv AZ¨šÍ
`ªæZ, K¬vwšÍnxb Ges wbLuyZ Kg©ÿg ¯^qswµq AvaywbK hš¿| wbw`©ó Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ˆZwi hš¿ ev †ive‡U †Kv‡bv mgm¨vi Kx a‡bi mgvavb Ki‡Z n‡e
Zvi m¤¢ve¨ mKj mgvavb †cÖvMÖvg AvKv‡i †`Iqv _v‡K| GB †cÖvMÖvg Abyhvqx hš¿ ev †iveU ¯^qswµqfv‡e KvR K‡i| †cÖvMÖv‡gi evB‡i †Kv‡bv
wKQz Kiv m¤¢e nq bv|
cÖkœ-3| cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i N‡i e‡mB gUi WªvBwfs wkÿv m¤¢eÑ K_vwU e¨vL¨v Ki| [Kzwgjøv †evW©-2019, ewikvj †evW©-2019]
DËi : fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU cÖhyw³ e¨eenvi K‡i gUi WªvBwfs wkLv m¤¢e| G‡ÿ‡Î Kw¤úDUvi wmgy¨‡jk‡bi gva¨‡g WªvBwfs cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨
PvjK‡K GKwU wbw`©ó Avm‡b em‡Z nq| Pvj‡Ki gv_vq cwiwnZ †nW gvD‡›UW wWm‡cøi mvnv‡h¨ Kw¤úDUvi Øviv m„ó hvbevn‡bi Af¨šÍixY
Ask Ges Avkcv‡ki iv¯Ívq cwi‡e‡ki GKwU g‡Wj †`Lv‡bv nq| cÖwkÿYv_©x G cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ GKvZ¥ n‡q ev¯Í‡ei b¨vq gUi WªvBwfs †KŠkj
iß Ki‡Z mÿg nq| A_©vr Gi gva¨‡gB mn‡RB WªvBwfs wkLv m¤¢e n‡”Q|
Abyiƒc: ev¯Í‡e Ae¯’vb K‡iI Kíbv‡K Quy‡q †`Lv m¤¢e/ c„w_ex‡Z e‡mB g½‡ji ¯^v` †bIqv m¤¢eÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [wm‡jU †evW©-2017]
cÖkœ-4| Òb~¨bZg aKj mwnòz kj¨wPwKrmv c×wZwUÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|/ kxZjxKiY cÖwµqvq wPwKrmv †`Iqv m¤¢eÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [PÆMÖvg †evW©-2019]
DËi : b~¨bZg aKj mwnòz kj¨wPwKrmv c×wZ n‡jv µv‡qvmvR©vwi| GwU Ggb GK ai‡bi wPwKrmv c×wZ, hv AZ¨waK kxZj ZvcgvÎv
cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g Z¡‡Ki A¯^vfvweK kxZj ZvcgvÎv cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g Z¡‡Ki A¯^vfvweK ev AcÖZ¨vwkZ †ivMvµvšÍ wUmy¨/Z¡K †Kvl aŸsm Kivi
Kv‡R e¨eüZ nq| µv‡qvmvR©vwi AwZwi³ ˆkZ¨ ZvcgvÎvq (-41C) †ivMvµvšÍ †mj¸‡jv‡K aŸsm Kivi KvR K‡i| G wPwKrmv c×wZ‡Z
†Kv‡bv RwUj cvk¦©cÖwZwµqv †bB, e¨_v, i³cvZ A_ev Acv‡ikbRwbZ KvUv-‡Quovi †Kv‡bv RwUjZv †bB|
cÖkœ-5| AvPi‡Yi gva¨‡g e¨w³ kbv³Ki‡Yi c×wZ eywS‡q †jL| [wm‡jU †evW©-2019]
DËi : AvPi‡Yi gva¨‡g e¨w³ kbv³Ki‡Yi c×wZ n‡jv ev‡qv‡gwU·| gvby‡li ˆ`wnK MVb ev AvPiYMZ ˆewkó¨ cwigv‡ci wfwˇZ †Kv‡bv
e¨w³‡K AwØZxqfv‡e kbv³ Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ cÖhyw³B n‡jv ev‡qvgwU·| AvPiYMZ ev‡qv‡gwU· c×wZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q-wK‡evW© UvBwcs
MwZ hvPvBKiY, nv‡Z Kiv ¯^vÿi hvPvBKiY Ges Kɯ^i hvPvBKiY|
cÖkœ-6| K…wÎg eyw×gËv GK ai‡bi G·cvU© wm‡÷gÑeywS‡q †jL| [XvKv, h‡kvi, wm‡jU I w`bvRcyi †evW©-2018]
DËi : K…wÎg eyw×gËv n‡jv gvby‡li wPšÍvfvebv¸‡jv‡K K…wÎg Dcv‡q Kw¤úDUvi ev Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw³wbf©i h‡š¿i g‡a¨ iƒc †`Iqvi e¨e¯’v|
Ab¨w`‡K G·cvU© wm‡÷g n‡jv K…wÎg e„w×gËvi GKwU cÖ‡qvM| GwU GKwU Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷g hv gvby‡li wPšÍv -fvebv Kivi `ÿZv Ges mgm¨v
mgvav‡bi mÿgZv‡K GK‡Î aviY K‡i| | D”P ÿgZvm¤úbœ A‡bK¸‡jv gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi I wPc e¨eenvi K‡i †cÖvMÖvwgs‡qi gva¨‡g
Kw¤úDUv‡i K…wÎg eyw×gËvi m„wó Kiv nq| ZvB K…wÎg eyw×gËv GK ai‡bi G·cvU© wm‡÷g|
K…wÎg eyw×gËvi Abyiƒc D`vniY: AvenvIqvi fwel¨ØvYx, WªvBfviwenxb Mvwo
cÖkœ-7| ÒgnvKvk AvR Avi ARvbv bqÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| [gv`ªvmv †evW©-2018]
DËi : GK mg‡qi Amxg inm¨ gnvKvk AvR Avi gvby‡li Kv‡Q ARvbv bq| weÁvbx‡`i AK¬všÍ cwikÖ‡gi Kvi‡Y gnvKv‡ki ARvbv inm¨¸‡jv
Rvbv hv‡”Q| cÖhyw³i e¨envi K‡i gvbyl m~²vwZm~² welq¸‡jv cÖwZwbqZ D‡b¥vwPZ n‡”Q| ZvB ejv hvh, gnvKvk AvR Avi ARvbv bq|
cÖkœ-8| AvYweK ch©v‡qi M‡elYvi cÖhyw³wU e¨vL¨v Ki| [XvKv †evW©-2017]
DËi : AvYweK ch©v‡qi M‡elYvi cÖhyw³wU n‡jv b¨v‡bv‡UK‡bvjwR| weÁvb I cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i 1 †_‡K 100 b¨v‡bvwgUvi AvK…wZi †Kv‡bv
wKQz ˆZwi Kiv Ges e¨envi Kivi cÖhyw³B n‡jv b¨v‡bv‡UK‡bvjwR| ÿz`ª †_‡K e„nr Ges †_‡K ÿz`ª G `ywU c×wZ‡Z b¨v‡bv cÖhyw³ e¨eüZ nq|
G cÖhyw³i cÖavb myweav n‡”Q Gi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv ch©v‡qi AYy-cigvYy‡K B”Qvg‡Zv mvwR‡q Kvw•ÿZ iƒc †`Iqv hvq| eZ©gvb wRb cÖ‡KŠkj,
Zwor cÖ‡KŠkj, hš¿ cÖ‡KŠkj BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î G †UK‡bvjwR e¨envi Kiv nq|
cÖkœ-9| ev‡qvBbdig¨vwU·-G e¨eeüZ †WUv Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki| [h‡kvi †evW©-2019]
DËi : ev‡qvBbdg¨vwU‡· e¨eüZ †WUvmg~n n‡jvÑ wWGbG wRb, A¨vwg‡bv GwmW Ges wbDwK¬K GwmW| Gme †WUv †_‡K RxeweÁvb msµvšÍ
M‡elYv I mgm¨vw` D`NvU‡bi Rb¨ dwjZ MwYZ, Z_¨weÁvb, cwimsL¨vb, Kw¤úDUvi weÁvb, K…wÎg eyw×gËv, imvqb I ˆRe imvqb e¨envi
Kiv n‡q _v‡K|

m„Rbkx‡ji Rb¨ t
 cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwUi cÖfve|
 ev‡qv‡gwUª· Gi †kÖwYwefvM|
 Artificial Intelligence, †iv‡evwU·, µv‡qvmvR©vwi, †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis I b¨v‡bv †UK‡bvjwR Gi mv¤úªwZK cÖeYZv we‡kølY|

2q Aa¨vq:

Definition/c~Y©iƒc:

gWz‡jkb, wWgWz‡jkb, e¨vÛDBW&_, ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb ‡gvW, ‡WUv ‡Wwjfvwi ‡gvW, ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb †g_W, †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej, UTP, STP,
m¨v‡UjvBU, Bbd«v‡iW, eøy-Uz_, WiFi, WiMax, ‡bUIqv‡K©i †kÖYxwefvM, NIC, g‡Wg, ivDUvi, myBP, nve, †MUI‡q, K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs|

Abyavebg~jK:
cÖkœ-1| †WUv UªvÝwgk‡b wmb‡µvbvm myweavRbKÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [XvKv †evW©-2019]
DËi : †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi wmb‡µvbvm myweavRbK, KviYÑ
1. GB UªvÝwgk‡bi `ÿZv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e A‡bK †ewk|
2. G c×wZ‡Z weiwZnxbfv‡e †cÖiK hš¿ †_‡K MÖvnK h‡š¿ †WUv cvVv‡bv hvq|
3. Gi MwZ Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk|
4. †UªBjvi eø‡Ki †kl wb‡`©k K‡i Ges †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î eø‡Ki †fZiKvi fzj wbY©q I ms‡kvab K‡i|
5. †WUvi AvKvi †QvU Ges †WUv-‡iU †ewk e‡j UªvÝwgk‡b mgq Kg jv‡M|
cÖkœ-2| A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡bi mgq †ewk jvMvi KviY eywS‡q †jL| [PÆMÖvg †evW©-2019]
DËi : A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡b mgq †ewk jvMvi KviY n‡jv `ywU K¨v‡i±v‡ii gvSLv‡b Amgvb weiwZ| A_©vr A¨vwmb‡µvbvm †WUv UªvÝwgkb
c×wZ‡Z GKwU K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝwgU nIqvi ci Av‡iKwU K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝwgU Kivi gv‡Si weiwZ mgq mgvb bv n‡q wfbœ wfbœ nq| ZvB GB
c×wZ‡Z †WUv PjvP‡j mgq †ewk jv‡M|
cÖkœ-3| AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej‡K †bUIqv‡K©i e¨vK‡evb ejv nqÓÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [w`bvRcyi †evW©-2017]
DËi : AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej n‡jv GK aiibi civ‰e`y¨wZK c`v‡_©i ˆZwi GK ai‡bi dvBevi hvi g‡a¨ Av‡jvi c~Y© Af¨šÍixY
cÖwZdj‡bi gva¨‡g †WUv GK ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b Mgb K‡i _v‡K| Gi e¨vÛDB_ AZ¨šÍ †ewk| cÖwZK‚j cwi‡e‡kI †WUvi wbivcËv iÿv nq|
dvBevi AcwU· AšÍiK c`v_© w`‡q ˆZwi nIqvq GwU we`y¨r †PŠ¤^Kxq cÖfve ev EMI gy³| dvBevi AcwUK Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡jvÑ †mvWv,
†ev‡iv wmwj‡KU, †mvWv jvBg wmwj‡KU Ges †mvWv A¨vjywgbv wmwj‡KU hv AšÍiK c`v_©| GQvovI dvBevi AcwUK Gi ewniveiY wn‡m‡e †h
R¨v‡KU e¨envi Kiv nq Zv n‡jv cøvw÷K Ges cøvw÷KI AšÍiK c`v_©| Gi g‡a¨ w`‡q Av‡jvi MwZ‡Z A_©vr m‡e©v”P MwZ‡Z †WUv UªvÝdvi
nq| GB `ªæZMwZ Ges wbivcËv ˆewk‡ó¨i Kvi‡Y AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej‡K †bUIqv‡K©i e¨vK‡evb ejv nq|
Abyiƒc: dvBevi AcwU· K¨vej BGgAvB (EMI) gy³ †Kb? [ivRkvnx †evW©-2019]/ †PŠ¤^K cÖfvegy³ K¨vejwU eywS‡q †jL| [wm‡jU †evW©-2019]/
bb †gUvwjK K¨vej gva¨gwU e¨vL¨v Ki| [PÆMÖvg †evW©-2019]/ Av‡jvK wmMb¨v‡j †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii gva¨gwU e¨vL¨v Ki| [h‡kvi †evW©-2019]

we:`ª: †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej I BGgAvB (EMI) gy³|

cÖkœ-4| ‡h U‡cvjwR‡Z me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUvi mshy³ Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| [ivRkvnx †evW©-2019]
DËi : †h U‡cvjwR‡Z me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUvi hy³ _v‡K Zv n‡jv †gk U‡cvjwR| G‡Z †bUIqvK©fz³ Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv
ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ mivmwi A‡cÿvK…Z `ªæZ †Wv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z †K›`ªxq mvf©vi ev wWfvB‡mi `iKvi c‡o bv| GB †bUIqvK©fz³
Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK ms‡hvM‡K c‡q›U-Uz-c‡q›U (wcqvi-Uz-wcqvi) wjsK ejv nq| †WUv †hvMv‡hv‡Mi wbf©ikxjZvB †hLv‡b gyL¨
†mme †ÿ‡Î †gk U‡cvjwR e¨envi nq|
Abyiƒc: †Kvb U‡cvjwR‡Z †bvWmg~n ci¯úi Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e `ªyZMwZ‡Z †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| [ewikvj †evW©-2019]

cÖkœ-5| Ônv‡ei †P‡q myBP DËgÕÑe¨vL¨v Ki|/myBP I nv‡ei cv_©K¨ wjL| [Kzwgjøv †evW©-2019]
DËi : nve I myB‡Pi g~j cv_©K¨ eyw×gËvq| nv‡ei †fZi eyw×gËv †bB, GwU wewfbœ wWfvB‡mi †bUIqvwK©s †cvU©¸‡jvi †fZi GKai‡bi
cwievwnK †hvMv‡hvM Qvov Avi wKQzB bq| nv‡e †WUv msN‡l©i Avk¼v _v‡K Ges †bUIqvK© wmMb¨vj R¨vg †e‡o hvq| Ab¨w`‡K myBP msNl©
Gov‡bvi Rb¨ cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii MAC A¨v‡Wªm e¨envi K‡i ïay mywbw`©ó †cv‡U©| wmMb¨vjwU cvVvq| GQvov `ye©j n‡q cov ms‡KZ‡K
A¨vgwcødvB K‡i MšÍ‡e¨ †cÖiY K‡i| Gme Kvi‡Y †WUv †cÖi‡Y nv‡ei †P‡q myBP DËg|
cÖkœ-6| m¨v‡UjvB‡U e¨eüZ I‡qf e¨vL¨v Ki| [ivRkvnx †evW©-2019]
DËi : m¨v‡UjvB‡U e¨eeüZ I‡qfwU n‡jv m¨v‡UjvBU gvB‡µvI‡qf| †gvUvgywUfv‡e 1 wMMvnvU©R n‡Z 100 wMMvnvU©‡Ri wfZ‡i
B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK †¯úKUªvg wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ e¨vÛ‡KB gvB‡µvI‡qf e‡j| G ai‡bi B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK I‡qf mvaviYZ 2 wMMvnvU©R ev Zvi
AwaK wd«‡Kv‡qw݇Z †WUv UªvÝwgU Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU †iwWI I‡q‡fi g‡Zv Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q c‡o bv, †mvRvmywR hvq| ZvB GB
KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi Rb¨ UªvÝwgUvi G‡›Ubv I wiwmfvi G‡›Ubv‡K gy‡LvgywL _vK‡Z nq ev ms‡hvM jvBb Ae mvBU (LOS : Line of site)
Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq|
cÖkœ-7| IEEE 802.16 wb‡`©wkZ †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwRwU e¨vL¨v Ki| [wm‡jU †evW©-2019]
DËi : IEEE 802.16 ÷¨vÛv‡W©i cÖhyw³wU n‡jv WiMax | GwU `ªæZMwZi GKwU †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ †hwU cÖPwjZ DSL. (Digital
Subscriber Line) Ges Zvihy³ B›Uvi‡b‡Ui cwie‡Z© Iq¨vi‡jm B›Uvi‡bU myweav w`‡q _v‡K| Worldwide Interperability for
Microwave Access-Gi mswÿß iƒc n‡”Q WiMax| GwU mvaviYZ 2 †_‡K 66 GHz wd«‡Kv‡qw݇Z KvR K‡i Ges Gi †iÄ 10- 50
wK.wg|
cÖkœ-8| Ô†WUv Av`vb I cÖ`vb GKB mg‡q m¤¢eÕÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [Kzwgjøv †evW©-2017]
DËi : dzj Wz‡cø· c×wZ‡Z GKB mg‡q †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb m¤¢e| G c×wZ‡Z †WUv GKB mv‡_ Dfq w`‡K Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| A_©vr
†cÖiK I cÖvcK Dfq wWfvBmB GK mv‡_ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| eZ©gv‡b Avgiv ¯^v”Q‡›`¨ K_v ejvi Rb¨ †hme cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i
_vwK, †m¸‡jvi cÖvq me¸‡jvB dzj-Wz‡cø· wWfvBm| Gme cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i †cÖiK I MÖvnK GKB mv‡_ Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Abyiƒc: w`K ˆewk‡ó¨i wfwˇZ †Uwj‡dv‡b e¨eüZ †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW e¨vL¨v Ki|/ †gvevBj †dv‡bi †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW e¨vL¨v Ki| [h‡kvi
†evW©-2017, w`bvRcyi †evW©-2019]
cÖkœ-9| Ò4G Gi MwZ 3G Gi cÖvq 50 ¸Y †ewk|ÓÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [gv`ªvmv †evW©-2019]
DËi : 4G ev PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i cÖhyw³MZ ˆewkó¨ n‡jv 3G cÖhyw³i mvwK©U my¨BwPs ev c¨v‡KU my¨BwPs †WUv UªvÝwk‡bi cwie‡Z© B›Uvi‡bU
†cÖv‡UvKj wfwËK †bUIqv‡K©i e¨envi| GwU D”PMwZi (100 Mbps-1 Gbps) Iq¨vi‡jm eªWe¨vÛ mvwf©m| 3G cÖhyw³i †WUv UªvÝdvi †iU
gvÎ 2 Mbps| A_©vr 4G Gi †ÿ‡Î G MwZ 3G Gi †P‡q 50 ¸Y †ewk|
cÖkœ-10| Kx-‡evW© †_‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i WvUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii e¨vÛDB_ eywS‡q †jL| [XvKv, h‡kvi, wm‡jU I w`bvRcyi †evW©-2018]
DËi : 1200 †_‡K 9600 wewcGm (bps) ev 9.6 kbps ch©šÍ †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii e¨vÐD_‡K f‡qme¨vÛ ejv nq| GwU mvaviYZ †Uwj‡dvb
wm‡÷‡g e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| †Uwj‡dvb jvB‡b G e¨vÛDB‡_i wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ 200-3600 Hz| kÖve¨Zvi mxgvi g‡a¨ †h wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ ev K¤úvsK
_v‡K Zvi meB GB e¨vÛDB‡_ _v‡K| Kw¤úDUvi I †cwi‡divj hš¿cvwZ‡Z (Wvqvj-Avc g‡Wg, ¯‹¨vbvi, wcÖ›Uvi, gwbUi BZ¨vw`) †WUv
¯’vbvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î GB e¨vÛDB_ e¨eüZ nq|
cÖkœ-11| IqvwK-UwK‡Z hyMcr K_v ejv I †kvbv m¤¢e bq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| [ewikvj †evW©-2017]
DËi : IqvwKUwK‡Z hyMcr K_v ejv I †kvbv m¤¢e bq| hyMcr K_v ejv n‡jv nvd-Wz‡cø· c×wZ| G c×wZ‡Z Dfq w`K †_‡K †WUv Av`vb-
cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v _v‡K wKš‘ Zv GKmv‡_ m¤¢e bq| A_©vr †cÖi‡Ki †WUv cvVv‡bv m¤úbœ n‡j cÖvcK †WUv cvVv‡Z cvi‡e| D`vniY¯^iƒc,
IqvwKUwK GKwU nvd-Wz‡cø· wWfvBm| Avgiv `ywU IqvwKUwK Øviv K_v ejvi mgq GK c‡ÿi K_v †kl n‡j Aci cÿ K_v ïiæ Ki‡Z
cv‡i| GKmv‡_ Dfq c‡ÿi K_v ejv A_©vr hyMcr K_v ejv I †kvbv m¤¢e bq|
cÖkœ-12| K¬vBf Kw¤úDwUs‡q wbivcËv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg-e¨vL¨v Ki| [ewikvj †evW©-2019]
DËi : K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Z‡_¨i RM‡Z wekvj wbivcËvi SuywK m„wó K‡i‡Q| GB mvwf©‡m Avc‡jvW Kiv Z_¨ †Kv_vq msiwÿZ Ges cÖwµqvKiY
nq, Zv e¨enviKvix Rvb‡Z cv‡i bv| †mB Z_¨ ev †WUvi Dci Ges †cÖvMÖvg ev mdUIq¨v‡ii Dci e¨enviKvixi GKK wbqš¿Y _v‡K bv| A_©vr
Z‡_¨i †MvcbxqZv I wbivcËv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg|

m„Rbkx‡ji Rb¨ t
 wmb‡µvbvm I Gwmb‡µvbv‡mi cv_©K¨/`ÿZvi Zzjbv
 ‡gvevBj KwgDwb‡Kkb
 †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwR
 †bUIqvK© wWfvB‡mi Qwe †`‡L kbv³KiY I ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY
 3q Aa¨vq:

Definition:

wfwË (†em), i¨vwW· c‡q›U, cwRkbvj I bb- cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ, BCD ‡KvW, ASCII ‡KvW, EBCDID ‡KvW, Unicode, wW
giM¨v‡bi Dccv`¨ (mZ¨K mviwYmn) , BDwbfvm©vj †MU, wW‡KvWvi, Gb‡KvWvi, wd¬c-d¬c, KvD›Uvi, j¨vP, †iwR÷vi|

Abyavebg~jK:

cÖkœ-1| 6 + 5 + 3 = 1110 n‡Z cv‡iÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [XvKv †evW©-2019]

DËi : 6 + 5 + 3 = 1110, GLv‡b 6 + 5 + 3 = 14 hv GKwU `kwgK msL¨vi †hvM| `kwgK msL¨v 14 Gi evBbvwi 1110 n‡Z cv‡i|
wb‡P Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡jvÑ
2 14
2 70 (LSB)
2 31
2 11
01 ((MSB)
 6 + 5 + 3 = (14)10 = (1110)2 n‡Z cv‡i|
Abyiƒc: 1+1=10 Ñe¨vL¨v Ki|/5+3=10 Ñe¨vL¨v Ki|/9+7=10 Ñe¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ-2| BDwb‡KvW ÒevsjvÓ fvlv eyS‡Z cv‡iÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [XvKv †evW©-2019]
DËi : BDwb‡KvW evsjv fvlv eyS‡Z cv‡i| BDwb‡KvW n‡”Q c„w_exi cÖvq me© fvlvi †jLv‡jwL‡K GKwU c×wZ‡Z mgwš^Z Kivi †KvW|
BDwb‡KvW KbmwU©qvg bv‡g GKwU msMVb GwU iÿYv‡eÿY K‡i _v‡K| 1991 mv‡j 24wU fvlv wb‡q BDwb‡Kv‡Wi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1.0.0
cÖKvwkZ nq †hLv‡b evsjv fvlvI wQj| me©‡kl BDwb‡Kv‡Wi Standard Abyhvqx †hLv‡b cÖ‡Z¨KUv e‡Y©i Rb¨ 000016 †_‡K ïiæ K‡i
FFFF16 Gi †fZi GKwU msL¨v wbw`©ó K‡i †`Iqv Av‡Q| †hgb : 099516 n‡”Q evsjv Aÿi ÔKÕ| BDwb‡Kv‡Wi cÖwZwU fvlvi Rb¨
65,536wU ¯’vb msiÿY Kiv Av‡Q|
Abyiƒc: we‡k¦i mKj fvlv‡K †KvWfz³ Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡QÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [h‡kvi †evW©-2019]
cÖkœ-3| 2-Gi cwic~iK wWwRUvj eZ©bx‡K mij K‡iÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [ivRkvnx †evW©-2019]
DËi : mvaviYfv‡e Kw¤úDUv‡ii gva¨‡g †hvM I we‡qv‡Mi KvR Ki‡Z n‡j †hv‡Mi Rb¨ Adder Circuit Ges we‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ Subtractor
Circuit c„w_ex c„_Kfv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| G‡Z K‡i wWwRUvj eZ©bxi RwUjZv ev‡o Ges m‡e©vcwi g~j¨I e„w× cvq| G mKj Amyweavmg~n
`~i Kivi Rb¨ 2ÕGi cwic~iK e¨envi Kiv nq| d‡j wWwRUvj eZ©bxwU mij nq|
cÖkœ-4| 1 + 1 = 1 e¨vL¨v Ki| [PÆMÖvg †evW©-2019]
DËi : 1 + 1 = 1 GwU eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reiv jwRK¨vj †hvM hv OR (+) †MBU Øviv ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq| OR (+) †MBU BbcyU¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †h
†Kv‡bv GKwU Bbcy‡Ui gvb 1 n‡jB AvDUcyU1 nq|
Abyiƒc: †Kvb hyw³‡Z 1 + 1 = 1 Ges 1 + 1 = 10 nq e¨vL¨v Ki| [ivRkvnx †evW©-2017]
cÖkœ-5| bi †MB‡Ui mKj BbcyU GKB n‡j †MBUwU †gŠwjK †MBU wn‡m‡e KvR K‡iÑeywS‡q †jL| [XvKv, h‡kvi, wm‡jU I w`bvRcyi †evW©-2018]
DËi : NOR †MB‡Ui mKj BbcyU GKB ev mgvb n‡j †gŠwjK †MBU NOT wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| wb‡P Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡jvÑ
BbcyU A n‡j, Y = A + A = A
A

GLv‡b `yBwU NOR †MB‡Ui gvb GKB nIqvq GwU GKwU †gŠwjK †MBU NOT wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Q|
cÖkœ-6| Kw¤úDUv‡ii fvlv‡K gvby‡li †evaMg¨ fvlvq iƒcvšÍ‡ii mvwK©UwU e¨vL¨v Ki| [PÆMÖvg †evW©-2019]
DËi : Kw¤úDUv‡i fvlv‡K gvby‡li †evaMg¨ fvlvq iƒcvšÍ‡ii mvwK©UwU wW‡KvWvi| K‡›Uªvj BDwb‡U wewfbœ wb‡`©k, †g‡gvwi A¨v‡Wªm,
KvD›UUv‡ii evBbvwi msL¨v BZ¨vw` wW‡KvW Ki‡Z wW‡KvWv‡ii mvnvh¨ jv‡M|
cÖkœ-7| cuvP Bbcy‡Ui A¨vÛ †MBU ev¯Íevq‡b KqwU b¨vÛ †MBU cÖ‡qvRb? eywS‡q †jL| [wm‡jU †evW©-2019]
DËi : cuvP BbcyU A¨vÛ †MBU ev¯Íevq‡b `yBwU NAND †MB‡Ui cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| (wPÎ Avek¨K)
cÖkœ-8| †iwR÷v‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki| [gv`ªvmv †evW©-2018]
DËi : †iwR÷v‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv :
1. BbcyU hš¿ I wmwcBD Gi g‡a¨ BbcyU evdvi e¨envi nq|
2. wmwcBD I AvDUcyU h‡š¿i g‡a¨ AvDUcyU evdvi e¨envi nq|
3. wmwcBD Gi AšÍM©Z mKj Z_¨ mvgwqKfv‡e Rgv iv‡L|
4. †iwR÷v‡ii wd¬c d¬c evBbvwi Z_¨ msiÿY K‡i|
5. K¨vk †g‡gvwi wn‡m‡e †iwR÷vi e¨eüZ nq|
m„Rbkx‡ji Rb¨ t
 Base convervsion & 2’s complement
 †gŠwjK †MU, BDwbfvm©vj †MU I we‡kl †MU Gi cÖZxK, mvwK©U I mZ¨K mviwY
 wewfbœ eywjqvb mgxKiY‡K †gŠwjK †MU, b¨vÛ bi †MBU w`‡q cÖKvk
 NAND, NOR ‡MB‡Ui me©RbxbZv
 Boolean algebra Gi mvnv‡h¨ dvskb mijxKiY (eB‡qi ¸‡jv)
 wW‡KvWvi I Gb‡KvWvi Gi mZ¨K mviwY I †gŠwjK †MU w`‡q cÖKvk
 Full adder ‡K half adder w`‡q ev¯Íevqb

4_© Aa¨vq:

Definition/c~Y©iƒc:

http, URL, IP Address, www, webpage, website, ‡Wv‡gBb †bBg, U¨vM, G¤úwU U¨vM,GwUªweDU, Gwj‡g›U, mvP© BwÄb, I‡qe
eªvDRvi, Kvjvi †KvW, nvBcviwjsK, nvBcviwgwWqv,

Abyavebg~jK:

cÖkœ-1| HTML-Gi e¨env‡ii myweav eY©bv Ki| [PÆMÖvg †evW©-2017]

DËi : HTML ev Hyper Text Markup Language n‡jv I‡qe †cBR †jLvi GKwU ¯^Zš¿ fvlv| HTML. e¨env‡ii eûwea myweav
i‡q‡Q| †hgb :
1. HTML fvlv †kLv I di‡gwUs Kiv mnR|
2. cÖvq me ai‡bi eªvDRvi mg_©b K‡i|
3. GwU BDRvi †d«Ûwj| †cÖvMÖvwgs m¤ú‡K© aviYv †bB Ggb e¨w³I mn‡R wkL‡Z cv‡i|
4. HTML-G ˆZwi Kiv †h †Kv‡bv dvBj/mvBU‡K iÿYv‡eÿY I Avc‡WU Kiv hvq|
5. HTML-G ˆZwi Kiv dvBj †jvW Ki‡Z mgqI Kg jv‡M|
Abyiƒc: Òhtml †kLv I e¨eenvi Kivi c×wZ mnR|ÓÑ Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| [gv`ªvmv †evW©-2019]
DËi : HTML.-GKwU DRvi †d«Ûwj I‡cb †UK‡bvjwR| GwU me©e¨vcx e¨envi Kiv hvq| GwU AwaKvsk eªvDRvi mv‡cvU© K‡i| Zzjbvg~jK
e¨q Kg| Gi e¨envi I wmbU¨v· mnR| ZvB HTML. †kLv I e¨envi Kivi c×wZ mnR|

cÖkœ-2| I‡qemvBU I I‡qe‡cBR GK bqÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [XvKv †evW©-2019]

DËi : I‡qemvBU I I‡qe †cBR GK bq| KviYÑ
1. I‡qemvBU n‡jv GKB †Wv‡gB‡bi Aax‡b GKvwaK I‡qe †cB‡Ri mgwó| Aciw`‡K, I‡qe †cBR n‡jv HTML bvgK gvK©Avc
j¨v½y‡q‡Ri Dci wfwË K‡i ˆZwiK…Z WKz‡g›U hv I‡qemvB‡Ui Ask|
2. cÖwZwU I‡qe mvB‡Ui GKwU BDwbK bvg _v‡K| Aciw`‡K cÖwZwU I‡qe †cB‡Ri GKwU I‡qe A¨v‡Wªm URL _v‡K|

cÖkœ-3| †Wv‡gBb †bg AwØZxqÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| [ivRkvnx †evW©-2019]

DËi : AvBwc A¨v‡Wªmm‡K mn‡R e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ Bs‡iwR Aÿ‡ii †Kv‡bv GKwU bvg e¨envi Kiv nq| Kv‡i±vi d‡g© †`Iqv Kw¤úDUv‡i
Giƒc bvgB †Wv‡gBb †bg| cÖwZwU †Wv‡gBb †bg BDwbK Ges Gi mv‡_ GKwU BDwbK AvBwc A¨v‡Wª m eivÏ Kiv nq| GKwU †Wv‡gBb †bBg
mvf©v‡i †iwR‡÷ªkb Ki‡j Zv mvivwe‡k¦ AwØZxq bv‡g wPwýZ nq Ges GKwU wbw`©ó mgq ch©šÍ H A¨v‡WªmwU Avi Ab¨ †KD e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i
bv| ZvB †Wv‡gBb †bg AwØZxq| AvBwc wVKvbv †h‡nZz msL¨v w`‡q †jLv nq †m Kvi‡Y GKmv‡_ A‡bK¸‡jv Address c„_Kfv‡e g‡b ivLv
†ek KóKi| g‡b ivLvi myweav‡_© msL¨vi cwie‡Z© †Wv‡gBb †bBg e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgbÑ AvBwc wVKvbv 2001.91.139.2 Gi cwie‡Z©
bijoy.bet †Wv‡gBb †bBg e¨envi Kiv hvq|
Abyiƒc: ÒAvBwc wVKvbv n‡”Q †Wv‡gBb †bBg Gi MvwYwZK iƒcÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| [h‡kvi †evW©-2019]/ IP-A¨v‡Wª‡mi †P‡q †Wv‡gBb †bg e¨envi
Kiv myweavRbKÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [Kzwgjøv †evW©-2019]/ AvB. wc A¨v‡Wªm w`‡qI I‡qemvBU wfwRU Kiv m¤¢e Kxfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki| [gv`ªvmv †evW©-2018]

cÖkœ-4| I‡qe †nvw÷s ¸iæZ¡c~Y©Ñe¨vL¨v Ki| [ewikvj †evW©-2019]

DËi : B›Uvi‡bU I‡q‡ei dvBj¸‡jv †Kv‡bv mvf©v‡i ivLv‡K I‡qe †nvw÷s ejv nq| I‡qe †nvw÷s n‡jv ¯’vb (A_©vr mvf©vi †¯úm) †hLv‡b
†U·U, MÖvwd·, AwWI, wfwWI msewjZ I‡qe †cB‡R ivLv nq| I‡qe †nvw÷s Qvov I‡qemvBU cÖ`wk©Z nq bv ZvB I‡qe †nvw÷s ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
cÖkœ-5| ÒI‡qe eªvDRvi I mvP© BwÄb GK bqÓÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [PÆMÖvg †evW©-2019]
DËi : I‡qe eªvDRvi I mvP© BwÄb GK bq| KviYÑ cÖ_gZ I‡qe eªvDRvi GKwU mdUIq¨vi I mvP© BwÄb GKwU I‡qemvBU/ Uzjm|
‡h mdUIq¨vi Gi gva¨‡g GKRb e¨enviKvix †h‡Kv‡bv I‡qe †cBR www ev LAN G Aew¯’Z †Kv‡bv mvB‡Ui †h‡Kv‡bv †jLv, Qwe †`L‡Z
I WvDb‡jvW Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K I‡qe eªvDRvi e‡j| Avi, †h Uzjm Gi mvnv‡h¨ mg¯Í B›Uvi‡bU we¯Í…Z I‡qe mvBU¸‡jv‡K Avq‡Ëi g‡a¨ ivLv
nq Zv‡K mvP© BwÄb e‡j|
Abyiƒc: I‡qe †cB‡Ri mv‡_ eªvDRv‡ii m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| [ivRkvnx, Kzwgjøv, PÆMÖvg I ewikvj †evW©-2018]
DËi : I‡qe †cBR n‡jv GK ai‡bi I‡qe WKz‡g›U hv Iqvì© IqvBW I‡qe I B›Uvi‡bU eªvDRv‡i e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Dchy³| eªvDRv‡ii gva¨‡g
B›Uvi‡bU I‡qe †cBR cÖ`k©‡bi KvR K‡i| c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡ki mvf©v‡i ivLv I‡qe †cBR eªvDRv‡ii gva¨‡g cÖ`wk©Z nq| ZvB I‡qee
†cBR I eªvDRvi G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z|

cÖkœ-6| nvBcviwjsK U¨v‡Mi Avewk¨K A¨vwUªweDUwU e¨vL¨v Ki| [wm‡jU †evW©-2019]

DËi : nvBcviwjsK I A¨v¼i DfqB wba©viY Ki‡Z HTML. A¨v¼i Gwj‡g›U <a> e¨eüZ nq| <a href = "url"> link text </a>;
<a> U¨v‡Mi closing U¨vM n‡jv </a>| wj‡¼ wK¬K Ki‡j †Kv_vq hv‡e Zv wbw`©ó Kivi Rb¨ href (hyperlink reference) A¨vwUªweDU
Avek¨K|
Abyiƒc: eZ©gv‡b I‡qe †cB‡R Hyperlink GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vbÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| [XvKv †evW©-2017]

cÖkœ-7| ÷¨vwUK I WvBbvwgK I‡qemvB‡Ui cv_©K¨ Kx?

DËi : ÷¨vwUK I‡qemvBU I WvBbvwgK I‡qemvB‡Ui g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ :
÷¨vwUK I‡qemvBU WvBbvwgK I‡qemvBU
1. e¨enviKvwii BbcyU ‡`Iqvi my‡hvM †bB| 1. e¨enviKvwii BbcyU Abyhvqx AvDUcyU w`‡Z cv‡i|
2. I‡qemvB‡Ui w_g Kb‡U÷ wbw`©ó _v‡K| 2. wWRvBb I Kb‡U÷ ivb UvB‡g cwiewZ©Z nq|
3. ÷¨vwUK I‡qemvBU ˆZwi‡Z HTML e¨envi Kiv nq| 3. WvBbvwgK I‡qemvBU ˆZwi‡Z PHP. cvB_b, Rvfv
BZ¨vw` mdUIq¨vi e¨eeüZ nq|

m„Rbkx‡ji Rb¨ t
 ÷¨vwUK I‡qemvBU I WvBbvwgK I‡qemvBU
 mKj html code
 I‡qemvBU cvewj‡Kkb Gi PviwU avc

5g Aa¨vq:

Definition:

a«yeK, PjK, †cÖvMÖvg, 1GL-5GL Gi c~Y©iƒc, G‡m¤^jvi, K¤úvBjvi, B›Uvi‡c«Uvi, †Møvevj †fwi‡qej, †jvKvj †fwi‡qej (†jvKvj I
‡Møvevj f¨vwi‡qej Gi cv_©K¨,) †cv÷ Bbwµ‡g›U, wc« Bbwµ‡g›U, GjMwi`g, my‡Wv‡KvW, †d¬vPvU©, †d¬vPvU© Gi c«ZxK, jwRK¨vj
Acv‡iUi, wi‡jkbvj Acv‡iUi, Gwi_‡gwUK Acv‡iUi, A¨v‡i, dvskb, G·‡cÖkb, †÷U‡g›U

Abyavebg~jK:

cÖkœ-1| C GKwU †Km †mb‡mwUf fvlvÑK_vwU e¨vL¨v Ki| [XvKv †evW©-2019]

DËi : wm †cÖvMÖv‡g †QvU nv‡Zi Aÿi I eo nv‡Zi Aÿ‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ cwijwÿZ nq| GRb¨ C †K GKwU †Km †mb‡mwUf fvlv ejv nq|
†hgb ABC I Abc kã `yBwU wfbœ|
cÖkœ-2| wm †Kb wgW †j‡fj †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv?
DËi : C †K Mid Level Language ejv nq| KviY G‡Z D”P ¯Í‡ii fvlvi myweavi mv‡_ mv‡_ Assemble fvlvi ms‡hvM NUv‡bv hvq|
ga¨ ch©v‡qi fvlv wn‡m‡e C †K Assemble fvlvi g‡Zv Bit, Byke, Memory I Address wb‡q B‡”Q g‡Zv KvR Kiv hvq| Avevi
D”PZi fvlvi g‡Zv G‡Z wewfbœ †WUv UvBc wb‡q KvR Kiv hvq| ZvQvov †WUv UvBc wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡jI C †Z G¸‡jv‡K mn‡R iƒcvšÍi I
wgkÖY Kiv hvq|
cÖkœ-3| C I C++ Gi g‡a¨ wfbœZv Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki| [h‡kvi †evW©-2019]
DËi : C Ges C++ Gi g‡a¨ wfbœZv jÿ Kiv hvq| C Gi DbœZ fvm©b C ++| C n‡jv ÷ªvKPvW© †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv| C ++ n‡jv Ae‡R±
Iwi‡q‡›UW †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv| A_©vr, C ++
cÖkœ-4| scanf ( “%f”, & a); †÷U‡g›UwU e¨vL¨v Ki| [Kzwgjøv †evW©-2019]
DËi : scanf ( “%f”, & a); †÷U‡g›UwU Kx †evW© †_‡K Bbcy‡Ui gvb MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq| †cÖvMÖvgwU ivb Kiv‡j Key board
†_‡K Bbcy‡Ui gvb MÖnY K‡i| GLv‡b, “%f” n‡jv float †WUv UvB‡ci format specification, &a n‡jv Adress of a hv float
UvB‡ci a †fwi‡qe‡ji †g‡gvwi †jv‡Kkb| †hLv‡b †WUv msiwÿZ n‡e|
cÖkœ-5| A¨vjvMwi`g †KvwWs-Gi c~e©kZ©Ñe¨vL¨v Ki| [XvKv †evW©-2016]
DËi : †Kv‡bv mgm¨v‡K Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvwgs Øviv mgvavb Kivi c~‡e© KvM‡R Kj‡g mgvavb Kivi Rb¨B A¨vjMwi`g e¨envi Kiv nq| Aek¨B
wbw`©ó msL¨K av‡c mgm¨vi mgvavb †`L‡Z n‡e| †KvwWs Kivi mgq D³ †cÖvMÖv‡gi mKj avc m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi aviYv _vK‡Z nq Zv Qvov
†KvwWs Kiv m¤¢e bq| AZGe A¨vjMwi`g †KvwWs Gi c~e©kZ©| hvi mvnv‡h¨ mn‡RB †cÖvMÖv‡gi †KvW †jLv nq|
cÖkœ-6| my‡Wv‡KvW †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv wbf©i bqÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [ewikvj †evW©-2019]
DËi : †cÖvMÖv‡gi aib Ges Kvh©cÖYvwj m¤^wjZ wKQz wb‡`©k ev †÷U‡g‡›Ui mgv‡ek‡K my‡Wv‡KvW ejv nq| my‡Wv‡Kv‡Wi gva¨‡g GKwU
†cÖvMÖvg‡K Ggbfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq †hb mK‡j Zv mn‡R eyS‡Z cv‡i| my›`i I mnR Bs‡iwR fvlvq mgm¨v mgvav‡bi cÖwZwU avc eY©b v
Kiv _v‡K| †cÖvMÖvg iPbvi mgq hv‡Z evi evi evavcÖvß bv n‡Z nq ev fzj-ÎæwU hv‡Z bv nq †mRb¨ †cÖvMÖvg ˆZwii c~‡e©B my‡Wv‡KvW iPbv
Ki‡Z nq| ZvB my‡Wv‡KvW †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv wbf©i bq|
cÖkœ-7| WKz‡g‡›Ukb †Kb Ki‡Z nq? [ivRkvnx, Kzwgjøv, PÆMÖvg I ewkvj †evW©-2018]
DËi : WKz‡g‡›Ukb n‡”Q mgm¨vi weeiY, A¨vjMwi`g, †d¬vPvU©, MÖvd, †KvwWs, cixÿvi djvdj, e¨enviKvixi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©k
BZ¨vw`i wjwLZ weeiY ev WKz‡g›U cÖ¯‘Z Kiv| WKz‡g‡›Ukb †cÖvMÖvg‡K †cÖvMÖvg ˆZwii cÖwZwU av‡cB mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges Gi d‡j †cÖvMÖvgwU
¯’vqxfv‡e iwÿZ nq| ZvB †cÖvMÖvg iPbvi mgq WKz‡g‡›Ukb Ki‡Z nq|
cÖkœ-8| wWevwMs GKwU RwUj I mgq mv‡cÿ e¨vcvi|Ñe¨vL¨v Ki| [gv`ªvmv †evW©-2018]
DËi : †cÖvMÖv‡gi hveZxq evM Luy‡R †ei K‡i Zv mgvavb Kiv‡K wWevwMs e‡j| †cÖvMÖv‡gi fzj‡K e‡j evM Ges fzj¸‡jv mgvavb KivB n‡jv
wWevwMs| †cÖvMÖv‡gi hveZxq evM Luuy‡R †ei Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨KwU jvBb Lye m~²fv‡e we‡kølY Ki‡Z nq hv AZ¨šÍ KwVb I mgq mv‡cÿ| ZvB
ejv n‡q _v‡K wWevwMs RwUj I mgq mv‡cÿ e¨vcvi|
cÖkœ-9| PjK ˆZwii †ÿ‡Î wKQz wewae× wbqg Kvbyb i‡q‡QÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [XvKv †evW©-2017]
DËi : PjK ev †fwi‡qej ˆZwii †ÿ‡Î wKQz wewae× wbqg Kvbyb i‡q‡Q| wb‡P Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jvÑ
1. Pj‡Ki bv‡gi cÖ_g AÿiwU †Kv‡bv A¼ n‡Z cvi‡e bv|
2. Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ †¯úkvj K¨v‡i±i AvÛvi‡¯‹vi wPý e¨envi Kiv hvq| AvÛvi‡¯‹vi e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †¯úkvj K¨v‡i±vi e¨envi Kiv hvq bv|
3. GKB dvsk‡b GKB bv‡g `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK PjK †NvlYv Kiv hvq bv|
4. PjK bv‡gi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv duvKv ¯’vb _vK‡e bv|
5. Pj‡Ki bvgwU †Kvb wK-IqvW© n‡Z cvi‡e bv|
cÖkœ-10| A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv †gwkb fvlvi †P‡q DbœZZi †Kb? [h‡kvi †evW©-2017]
DËi : A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv †gwkb fvlvi †P‡q DbœZZi| †gwkb fvlvi Zzjbvq A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg †jLv, cov I cwieZ©b Kiv mnR| GRb¨
A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv †gwkb fvlvi †P‡q DbœZZi|
Abyiƒc: Ò‡jv-‡j‡fj j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri `ye©jZvB nvB-‡j‡fj j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri DrcwËi KviYÓÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [w`bvRcyi †evW©-2017]
DËi : †jv-‡j‡fj j¨v½y‡q‡Ri `ye©jZvi Rb¨B nvB-‡j‡fj j¨v½y‡qR DrcwË n‡q‡Q|
†jv-‡j‡fj j¨v½y‡q‡Ri (†gwkb I A¨v‡m¤^wj) gva¨‡g †cÖvMÖvg iPbvq †ekwKQz mgm¨v i‡q‡Q| †hgbÑ †cÖvMÖvg iPbv Kiv AZ¨šÍ K¬vwšÍKi I
mgqmv‡cÿ, wWevM Kiv Kómva¨, GK ai‡bi †gwk‡bi Rb¨ wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg Ab¨ †gwk‡b ivb Kiv‡bv hvq bv| Gme mgm¨v ev `ye©jZv
mgvav‡bi Rb¨B nvB-‡j‡fj j¨v½y‡qR DrcwË n‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ-11| c †cÖvMÖv‡g main ( ) dvsk‡bi ¸iæZ¡ wjL| [h‡kvi †evW©-2017]
DËi : wm †cÖvMÖvg main() dvskb‡K wN‡i AvewZ©Z nq| Gi `ywU Ask i‡q‡Q| †NvlYv Ask (De3clartive part), †hLv‡b wewfbœ UvB‡ci
†fwi‡qej, A¨v‡i, c‡q›Uvi dvBj BZ¨vw` †NvlYv Kiv nq| Av‡iKwU n‡”Q wbe©vn Ask (Excutable part), G As‡k Kgc‡ÿ 1wU †÷U‡g›U
_vK‡Z nq Ges Gi Dfq As‡ki cÖ‡Z¨K †÷U‡vg‡›Ui †k‡l †mwg‡Kvjb (;) _vK‡Z n‡e| G dvsk‡bi m¤ú~Y© As‡k wØZxq eÜbx ev { } Øviv
Ave× _v‡K| main () n‡jv wm †cÖvMÖv‡gi Avek¨Kxq Ask|
cÖkœ-12| C †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvq dvsk‡bi †nWvi dvBj ej‡Z Kx eySvq? [ewikvj †evW©-2017]
DËi : wm †cÖvMÖv‡g e¨eüZ dvskb †h dvB‡j _v‡K ZvB n‡jv †nWvi dvBj| C fvlvq †nWvi dvBj †cÖvMÖv‡gi Avek¨Kxq Ask| GRb¨ C
†cÖvMÖv‡g wm †cÖvMÖvg †Kv‡bv jvB‡eªwi dvskb e¨envi Ki‡j †cÖvMÖv‡gi ïiæ‡ZB include wcÖcÖ‡mwms wW‡iw±f Gi mvnv‡h¨ mswkøó †nWvi dvBj
mshy³ Ki‡Z nq| D`vniY: stdio.h, conio.h
Abyiƒc: math.h dvBjwU e¨vL¨v Ki| [PÆMÖvg †evW©-2019]
DËi : math.h GKwU jvB‡eªwi †nWvi dvBj| GwU GKwU wbw`©ó bv‡g jvB‡eªwi‡Z Rgv _v‡K Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b †mB dvsk‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ
KvR¸‡jv Kiv hvq| G dvskb¸‡jv †cÖvMÖv‡g GKvwaK evi B”Qvg‡Zv e¨envi Kiv hvq| math.h †nWvi dvB‡ji dvskb¸‡jv n‡jv sqrt ( ),
pow( ), cost ( ), tan ( )|
cÖkœ-13| ÒA¨v‡i I PjK GK bqÓÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [gv`ªvmv †evW©-2017]
DËi : wm †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvq A¨v‡i n‡jv GKwU we‡kl †WUv ÷ªvKPvi hv‡Z GKB ai‡bi GKvwaK †WUv ivLv hvq| A¨v‡ii GKwU bvg _v‡K
lndex Number Ges m`m¨ ev AvB‡Ugmg~n‡K eÜbx Gi g‡a¨ Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq| A¨v‡i GKgvwÎK, wØgvwÎK I wÎgvwÎK n‡Z cv‡i|
†g‡gvwi A¨v‡Wªm mivmwi e¨envi bv K‡i GKwU bvg w`‡q H bv‡gi Aax‡b †WUv ivLv nq GB †WUv cwieZ©bkxj weavq H bvg‡K PjK e‡j|
PjK n‡jv †cÖvMÖv‡gi †`Iqv †g‡gvwii K‡qK evBU ¯’v‡bi GKwU bvg ZvB ejv hvq, A¨v‡i Ges PjK GK bq|
cÖkœ-14| K ++ I ++ K e¨vL¨v Ki|
A_ev, K ++ I ++ K GK bqÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [ivRkvnx †evW©-2019]
DËi : K ++ : K ++ Gi †ÿ‡Î K¤úvBjvi cÖ_‡g †cÖvMÖv‡g k GK cyivZb gvb e¨envi K‡i| AZtci †fwi‡qe‡ji gv‡bi mv‡_ h_vµ‡g GK
†hvM K‡i| GB bZzb gvb cieZ©x †÷U‡g›U avc †_‡K Kvh©Ki nq|
++ K : ++ K Gi †ÿ‡Î K¤úvBjvi cÖ_‡g K Gi cÖviw¤¢K gv‡bi mv‡_ h_vµ‡g GK †hvM K‡i| AZtci †cÖvMÖv‡gi GKB †÷U‡g›U G ewa©Z
gvb e¨envi K‡i|

m„Rbkx‡ji Rb¨ t
 code (avivi ‡hvMdj, GKwU A¨v‡ii Dcv`vb¸‡jvi †hvMdj wbY©q I if...else †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e †`Lev)