ICT Past Paper 2024
Q.1.a Describe system software and application software.
System Software:
System software helps to run the computer system and controls its hardware.
It acts as a link between user and hardware.
It starts automatically when you turn on the computer.
You cannot directly use this software; it runs in the background.
Examples:
Operating System (Windows, Linux), Device Drivers, Utility Programs.
Application Software:
Application software is used by users to do specific tasks.
It works with the help of system software.
You can install and use it for different activities like writing, drawing, calculations, etc.
Examples:
MS Word, Google Chrome, VLC Player.
Q.2.b Define parts of the computer system.
A computer system is made up of the following main parts:
1. Hardware:
Physical parts of the computer you can touch.
Includes CPU, Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, etc.
2. Software:
A set of instructions that tells the computer what to do.
Two types: System software and Application software.
3. Users:
People who use the computer.
4. Data:
The raw input that the computer processes.
5. Procedures:
Rules and steps to operate the computer correctly.
Q.3.a Discuss volatile, non-volatile, and flash memory.
1. Volatile Memory:
Definition: Volatile memory is a type of memory that loses all stored information when the
computer is turned off or restarted.
It is used for temporary data storage while the computer is running.
It provides fast access to data, which is why it is mainly used in RAM.
Example:
RAM (Random Access Memory) is the most common type of volatile memory. It stores data and
instructions that are actively being used by the CPU.
2. Non-Volatile Memory:
Definition: Non-volatile memory is the type of memory that retains data even when the computer is
turned off.
It is used for permanent storage of data and programs.
Examples:
ROM (Read-Only Memory) – stores firmware and boot-up instructions.
Hard Disk Drives (HDD) – used for storing large files, software, and operating systems.
3. Flash Memory:
Definition: Flash memory is a special type of non-volatile memory that can be electrically erased
and reprogrammed.
It is faster and more durable than traditional hard drives because it has no moving parts.
It is used in portable and compact storage devices.
Examples:
USB Flash Drives
Solid State Drives (SSD)
Memory Cards (SD cards)
Q.3.b Define any two types of storage devices.
1. USB (Universal Serial Bus):
Definition:
A USB is a small, portable storage device that uses flash memory to store data. It connects to a
computer or laptop through a USB port.
Features:
o Portable and lightweight
o Plug-and-play (easy to use)
o Available in different storage capacities (from 2 GB to 1 TB or more)
o Non-volatile (keeps data even when power is off)
Common Uses:
o Transferring files between computers
o Creating backups
o Carrying important documents, videos, or presentations
2. Hard Disk (HDD - Hard Disk Drive):
Definition:
A hard disk is a traditional storage device that uses magnetic disks (called platters) to store large
amounts of data permanently.
Features:
o Non-volatile storage
o Can store terabytes (TB) of data
o Usually found inside computers (internal), but external versions are also available
o Slower than SSD but cheaper
Common Uses:
o Storing operating system, software, and games
o Saving personal files like videos, photos, and documents
o Long-term storage in desktops and laptops
Q.4.a Differentiate between supercomputers and mainframe
computers.
Feature Supercomputers Mainframe Computers
Use Complex calculations (science, weather) Handle large data for businesses
Speed Very high Less than supercomputers
Users Few users Many users at a time
Cost Very expensive Less expensive than supercomputers
Example IBM Summit, Fugaku IBM zSeries, UNIVAC
Q.4.b What do you understand by the internet?
The Internet is a worldwide network that connects computers and devices. It helps people to share
information, send messages, and use online services.
Uses of Internet:
Browsing websites
Sending emails
Watching videos
Social media (Facebook, WhatsApp)
Online learning and shopping
It uses a special set of rules called TCP/IP to work.
Q.5.a Discuss major services and methods of accessing internet
using browsers.
Major Internet Services:
1. Web Browsing: Visiting websites using Chrome, Firefox, etc.
2. Email: Sending and receiving messages (like Gmail).
3. File Transfer: Sharing files online (using Google Drive, Dropbox).
4. Cloud Services: Storing files on the internet.
5. Video Streaming: Watching videos on YouTube or Netflix.
Accessing Internet using Browsers:
Open a browser like Chrome or Firefox.
Type a website address (URL) in the address bar.
The browser connects to the website server.
The website opens and you can read or watch content.
Q.5.b Write a note on any TWO of the following.
1. Monitor
Definition:
A monitor is an output device used to display text, images, videos, and graphical data processed
by the computer.
Function:
It receives signals from the computer’s graphics card and displays them visually. Modern
monitors come in various types like LCD, LED, and OLED, offering different resolutions and
screen sizes.
Importance:
Monitors are essential for user interaction, allowing individuals to view applications, browse the
internet, watch videos, and work on documents.
2. Printer
Definition:
A printer is an output device that converts digital text and images from a computer into a
physical copy on paper.
Function:
Printers take digital files, usually in formats like documents, images, or spreadsheets, and print
them onto paper using various technologies such as inkjet, laser, or thermal printing. Printers
can be connected to computers via USB, Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth, and many modern printers also
support mobile printing.
Types of Printers:
Inkjet Printer: Sprays tiny droplets of ink onto paper. Ideal for high-quality photo prnting.
Laser Printer: Uses laser beams and toner to produce sharp text and graphics. Faster and
more costeffective for large volumes.
Dot Matrix Printer: Uses impact printing with ribbons; mostly used in banking and billing
due to its ability to print multi-copy documents.
Thermal Printer: Uses heat to produce images on special thermal paper; common in POS
systems.
Importance:
Printers are essential for producing hard copies of digital data, whether for business reports,
school assignments, or photos. Modern printers also often include scanning, copying, and faxing
functions in one device (called All-in-One printers).
3. Video Card (Graphics Card)
Definition:
A video card, also known as a graphics card or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), is a hardware
component responsible for rendering images, videos, and animations on a display device like a
monitor.
Function:
The video card processes graphic-related data and converts it into a format that can be displayed
visually. It takes the computational load of rendering graphics away from the CPU, especially
important in highperformance tasks such as gaming, 3D modeling, animation, and video editing.
Components of a Video Card:
GPU: The core processor that handles graphics calculations.
VRAM (Video RAM): Temporary memory used to store textures, frames, and other visual
data.
Cooling System: Usually fans or heat sinks to dissipate heat generated during operation.
Ports: Output connectors such as HDMI, DisplayPort, or VGA for connecting to monitors.
Types:
Integrated Graphics: Built into the motherboard or CPU; suitable for everyday tasks.
Dedicated Graphics: A separate hardware unit with its own memory; used for demanding
visual applications and professional workstations.
Importance:
A good video card enhances the visual performance of a computer, providing smoother
rendering, higher resolutions, and better frame rates. It is crucial for professionals in design,
animation, and gaming industries.
