Therapeutic Diets
THERAPEUTIC DIET
Introduction
Therapeutic diet are planned to maintain or restore good nutrition in
patient
In most cases the therapeutic diet are used to supplement the
medical or surgical treatment of the patient, while in some instances
like diabetes mellitus, a therapeutic diet is the most aspect of the
patient’s treatment rather the medical therapy
Diet therapy is concerned with recovery from illness and
prevention of disease
TYPES OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IN VARIOUS DISORDERS:
NUTRITION FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Dietary management:
Objectives:
1. To relieve strain to the heart
2. To prevent further damage to the heart
3. To restore the damage heart
Food recommended:
Skim milk, paneer from skim milk
Cereals and pulses Whole grain
All vegetables and all fruits
High fiber and soluble fiber like oat meal,
pectin and gums lean meat,
egg white and fish Vegetable oils, sugar and jagger
Food to be avoided:
= Cholesterol rich food
= Whole cream, butter, cream, cheese
= Indian sweet meal like puddings,
= bakery products
= Organ meat Egg yolk, fish
= Nuts, oil seeds,
= pickles Fried food
= Alcohol
Regular low cholesterol and low fat and high fiber diet:
= Energy- 1600 k cal
= Fat- 40 g
= Protein- 65 g
SAMPLE MENU FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES:
Meal Food
Early morning Lemon water-1 glass
Break fast Milk(skimmed)-1 cup, missi roti-1, curd-1/2 katori, or
boiled egg- 1-2 and bread- 1-2 slice
Mid morning Fresh fruit- 1
Lunch Salad, chapat-1-3, rice- 60 g, vegetable- 250g, curd- 1
cup
Evening tea Tea, sprouted mongo or black channa-30 g, biscuits-3-
4
Dinner Vegetable soup, chapati-2, dal, chicken or fish-100g
Whole day’s cooking oil- 20g
Atherosclerosis ( hardening of the arteries) refers to thickening of the inside walls
of the blood vessesls.
= it caused by accumulation of fattry materials including high proportion of
cholesteroal as well as other substances.
= The channel through which the blood flows becomes narrower, a small clot
can cause sufficient clogging that no blood can flow through.
= most common cause of heart attack.
Most susceptible to this condition and other heart diseases:
1. male between 45 and 64 years old
2. overweight
3. diabetic
4. high blood pressure
5. high cholesterol
6. history of heart and blood diseases
7. tension, frustration and stress
8. heavy smokers
Treatment:
- Drugs and diet
Diet therapy:
1. low-fat diet, low in saturated fat and cholesterol
2. increased in monounsaturated fatty acids to lower plasma total
cholesterol and LDL cholesterol level.
3. increase in polyunsaturated fats, omega-6 ( corn oil, soybean oil,
sunflower oil) and omega-3 fatty acids ( fatty fish like salmon, tuna,
mackerel, sardines) at least 2 servings /week to decrease plasma
cholesterol level.
4. a total of 300 mg cholesterol intake/day
= more egg whites than egg yolks
= organ meats taken once a month only
= shrimps consumed occasionally
= meat and poultry limited to 5-6 oz/day
5. increase in complex
carbohydrate intake and
restriction of simple sugars
6. dietary fibers = 25 -30
g/day
7. restriction of calories to
1,200 – 1,600 for women
and 2,000 – 2,500 for me.
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) or cardiac failure is circulatory congestion
resulting in the heart’s inability to maintain adequate blood supply to
meet the oxygen demand.
Heart failure is characterized by shortness of breath (dyspnea) and
abnormal fluid retention, which usually results in swellind (edema) of the
feet and legs.
Diet Therapy:
1. Sodium – restricted diet is used primarily for the prevention, control,
and elimination of edema.
a. mild restriction (2 -3g Na)
- no added table salt, no salted foods, all other foods as desired
b. moderate restriction ( 1,000 mg Na)
- same as aboved plus elimination of salt in cooking and canned
vegetables
- basic foods as desired, unprocessed with salt
c. Strict restriction (500mg Na)
- same as moderate restriction plus increased control of food with
higher amounts of natural sodium ( smaller amounts of eggs, meat,
milk limited to 2 cups) and vegetables such as leafy greens, beets,
carrots and celery.
d. Severe restriction (250 mg Na)
- all the previous restictions, plus tighter control of natural food
sources
- meat limited to 2-3 oz daily
- 2-3 eggs / week
2. Calorie control is applied to reduce the work of the heart
3. Texture control is applied in acute stages to aid in digestion
4. caffeine should be limited
Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure. It is common
among males rather than females, 55 years and below.
Treatment:
lifestyle modifications, nutritional therapy
Diet Therapy:
1. a mild restriction of sodium and occasionally a 1,000 mg Na diet
may be ordered.
2. weight reduction may facilitate the lowering of blood pressure
3. low-fat diet with emphasis on saturated oils is recommended
Sources of Sodium:
1. salt is 40% sodium. 6 grams of salt would provide 2,400 mg sodium.
Salt in used in:
- food processing, baking and cooking
2. milk, meat, fish, poultry, shellfish, eggs, beets and spinach
Myocardial infarction (MI) or heart attack, results from atherosclerosis of
the coronary arteries.
Treatment:
= reduced workload of the heart
Diet Therapy:
1. Liquid diet on the stages and as the condition improves, progresses
to foods of regular consistency.
2. Small, frequent meals
3. restriction on caffeine-containing beverages to avoid myocardial
stimulation
4. sodium, cholesterol, fat and calorie restriction
5. consumption of Omega-3 fatty acid-rich foods to reduce blood
clots.
