Health and

Wellbeing
 • At the end of the lecture the
student will be able to :
✓ Define health
✓ Describe wellbeing
✓ Recognize the factors affecting
health and wellbeing
✓ Identify how to promote health
Objectives and wellbeing at work
✓ Describe how does well-being
relate to health promotion
Health and Wellbeing
• How important is Health and
Wellbeing within the curriculum?
• How is it taught in schools?
• What does this involve?
What do we mean by Health and Wellbeing?

• Health and wellbeing includes both physical and mental health.

• Physical health- sleep, diet (nutrition) and exercise

• Mental Health - the way we think or feel about ourselves and what is going
on around us, and how we cope with the stresses of life – affects our sense
of wellbeing as well as our physical health.
A HEALTHY AND HAPPY WORKFORCE =
BETTER PATIENT OUTCOMES

Better staff
engagement

Happier and
healthier
people

Healthier staff
 Introduction
Health, wellness, and well-being have many definitions and
interpretations. The health care providers should be familiar
with the most common aspects of the concepts and consider
how they may be individualized with specific clients.
Which is NOT an aspect of your
physical health?
A. Eating well and drinking water
B. Making and keeping friends
C. Being physically active
D. Getting enough sleep
 Concepts
Health and wellbeing are two concepts that are
prominent within the field of occupational safety
and health (OSH).
The World Health Organization (WHO) defined
health
as a state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity.
the American Nurses Association defined health
As a dynamic state of being in which the
developmental and behavioral potential (possible) of
an individual is realized to the fullest extent possible
Concepts
• Most people define and describe
health as the following:
• Being free from symptoms of disease
and pain as much as possible.
• Being able to be active and to do
what they want or must.
• Being in good spirits most of the
time.
True or False
I feel healthy so it isn’t important to
schedule a regular checkup with my
doctor.
a) True
b) False
 Concepts
Wellness is a dynamic
process that is ever
changing
The well person usually
has some degree of illness
and the ill person usually
has some degree of
wellness.
Our health is always changing.

True

False
 Concepts
• Wellbeing results from the fulfilment of the important needs of
individuals and the realization of goals and plans set for one's life’.

• Other definitions of the term include seeing it ‘as peoples’

positive evaluations of their lives, (as it) includes positive
emotion, engagement, satisfaction, and meaning’.
 Concepts
• Both the WHO and the International Labor Organization (ILO), have defined
occupational health as:

✓ ‘…the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and
social wellbeing of workers in all occupations;

✓ the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors
adverse to health;

✓ the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment

adapted to his physiological and psychological capabilities and;

✓ to summaries: the adaptation of work to man and of each man to his job’.
 Health
• The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as ‘a state of
complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity’ (WHO, 1948).
This is consistent with the biopsychosocial model of health, which
considers physiological, psychological and social factors in health and
illness, and interactions between these factors. It differs from the
traditional medical model, which defines health as the absence of illness or
disease and emphasizes the role of clinical diagnosis and intervention (CDC,
2020).
The WHO definition links health clearly with
wellbeing, and conceptualizes health as a human
right requiring physical and social resources to
achieve and maintain.
‘Wellbeing’ refers to a positive rather than
neutral state, framing health as a positive
aspiration. This definition was adapted by the
1986 Ottawa charter, which describes health as
‘a resource for everyday life, not the object of
living’. From this perspective health is a means to
living well, which highlights the link between
health and participation in society.
 Well-being
Well-being is a positive outcome that is
meaningful for people and for many
sectors of society, because it tells us
that people perceive that their lives are
going well. Good living conditions (e.g.,
housing, employment) are fundamental
to well-being. Tracking these conditions
is important for public policy.
However, many indicators that measure
living conditions fail to measure what
people think and feel about their lives,
such as the quality of their
relationships, their positive emotions
and resilience, the realization of their
potential, or their overall satisfaction
with life—i.e., their “well-being.” Well-
being generally includes global
judgments of life satisfaction and
feelings ranging from depression to joy.
 Why is well-being useful for individual health?

• Well-being integrates mental health (mind) and physical health (body)

resulting in more holistic approaches to disease prevention and health
promotion.
• Well-being is a valid population outcome measure beyond morbidity,
mortality, and economic status that tells us how people perceive their
life is going from their own perspective.
• Well-being is an outcome that is meaningful to the public.
• Advances in psychology, neuroscience, and measurement theory
suggest that well-being can be measured with some degree of
accuracy.
Why is well-being useful for individual health?

• Results from studies find that well-being is associated

with:
✓ Self-perceived health.
✓ Longevity.
✓ Healthy behaviors.
✓ Mental and physical illness.
✓ Social connectedness.
✓ Productivity.
✓ Factors in the physical and social environment.
✓ Well-being can provide a common
metric that can help policy makers
shape and compare the effects of
different policies (e.g., loss of
greenspace might impact well-being
more so than commercial development
of an area).
✓ Measuring, tracking and promoting well-
being can be useful for multiple
stakeholders involved in disease
prevention and health promotion.
Well-being is associated with
numerous health-, job-, family-,
and economically-related
benefits. For example, higher
levels of well-being are associated
with decreased risk of disease,
illness, and injury; better immune
functioning; speedier recovery;
and increased long life. Individuals
with high levels of well-being are
more productive at work and are
more likely to contribute to their
communities.
 How does well-being relate to health
promotion?

•Health is more than the absence of disease;

it is a resource that allows people to realize
their aspirations, satisfy their needs and to
cope with the environment in order to live a
long, productive, and fruitful life. In this
sense, health enables social, economic and
personal development fundamental to well-
being.
 How does well-being relate to health
promotion?
Health promotion is the process of enabling people
to increase control over, and to improve their
health. Environmental and social resources for
health can include: peace, economic security, a
stable ecosystem, and safe housing. Individual
resources for health can include: physical activity,
healthful diet, social ties, resiliency, positive
emotions, and autonomy. Health promotion
activities aimed at strengthening such individual,
environmental and social resources may ultimately
improve well-being.
How is well-being defined?

•There is no consensus around a single definition of well-being, but there

is general agreement that at minimum, well-being includes the presence
of positive emotions and moods (e.g., contentment, happiness), the
absence of negative emotions (e.g., depression, anxiety), satisfaction with
life, fulfillment and positive functioning. In simple terms, well-being can
be described as judging life positively and feeling good. For public health
purposes, physical well-being (e.g., feeling very healthy and full of
energy) is also viewed as critical to overall well-being.
 How is well-being measured?
•Because well-being is subjective, it is typically
measured with self-reports. The use of self-reported
measures is fundamentally different from using
objective measures (e.g., household income,
unemployment levels, neighborhood crime) often
used to assess well-being. The use of both objective
and subjective measures, when available, are
desirable for public policy purposes.
 How is well-being measured?

•There are many well-being instruments available

that measure self-reported well-being in different
ways, depending on whether one measures well-
being as a clinical outcome, a population health
outcome, for cost-effectiveness studies, or for other
purposes.
What are the three elements of
your Wellness Triangle?
A. Mental/Emotional, Physical, and Spiritual
B. Social, Physical, and Spiritual
C. Physical, Social, and Mental/Emotional
D. Social, Physical, and Self-Esteem
Factors
influencing
health status

•Internal factors
•External factors
 Biologic measurement,
genetic makeup, sex, age,
and developmental level all
Internal significantly influence a
person's health.
Psychological dimension
factors emotional factors influencing
health include mind-body
interactions and self-
concept. Cognitive dimension
include lifestyle choices and
spiritual and religious beliefs.
 External factors
Environment.
Standards of living.
Reflecting occupation,

External income, and education.

Family and cultural
beliefs. Patterns of daily

factors living and lifestyle to

offspring( children). Social
support networks. Family,
friends, or confidant (best
friend) and job
satisfaction helps people
avoid illness.
Becoming health literate requires full
understanding of technical medical terms.

True

False
Illness and Disease
Illness
Is a highly personal state in which the
person's physical, emotional, intellectual,
social, developmental, or spiritual
functioning is thought to be diminished.
Illness is usually associated with disease but
may occur independently of it. Illness is a
highly personal state in which the person
feels unhealthy or ill.
Illness and Disease
Disease
Disease can be described as an
alteration in body functions
resulting in a reduction of capacities
or shortening of the normal life
span.
The causation of a disease is called
its etiology.
 Conclusion
Work is important for individuals. It helps them to
maintain their health and wellbeing and is essential for
economies to survive. However, as conditions with the
work environment may negatively impact on
employees, it is essential that organizations
continuously monitor their environment for unsafe and
unhealthy work practices, as well as promoting a
positive work environment to improve on and sustain
the health and wellbeing of their employees.
Which one of these behaviors has the
largest impact on your health?
A. Lifestyle Factors

B. Heredity Factors

C. Gender

D. Infectious Diseases
What was the
muddiest point
in today's
session?