Page 1–2: Introduction to Computer Programming

1. What are some common settings where computers are used, and why is
programming important in these settings? Answer: Computers are used at school,
work, and home to perform tasks like data processing, communication, and
automation. Programming is important because it creates applications tailored to
those tasks.

2. Who is a software developer, and what are their key responsibilities? Answer: A
software developer is someone trained to design, create, test, and maintain
computer programs. Their responsibilities include requirement analysis, coding,
debugging, and documentation.

3. Define computer programming and explain its purpose. Answer: Computer

programming is writing, testing, debugging, and maintaining source code to solve
problems or automate tasks. Its purpose is to create software with specific
behaviors.

4. What does the process of writing source code involve? Answer: It involves writing
instructions in a programming language, testing for correctness, debugging errors,
and maintaining the code over time.

5. Mention some programming languages commonly used in coding. Answer: Common

languages include C++, Java, Python, JavaScript, and C#.

Page 3: What is Programming

6. How does programming transform human requirements into executable tasks?

Answer: By translating requirements into precise, step-by-step instructions (source
code) that the computer can interpret and execute.

7. What are the steps involved in writing a program? Answer: Writing, testing,
debugging/troubleshooting, and maintaining source code.

8. Why must a programmer use specific languages understood by computers? Answer:

Because computers only understand instructions in formal programming languages
that their processors can parse and execute.

Page 4–5: Why Programming Matters

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 9. Why is programming considered an essential problem-solving tool? Answer: It
enables algorithmic thinking, automation, simulation, data analysis, and rapid
prototyping, all of which support effective solutions.

10. List five ways programming contributes to effective problem-solving. Answer:

Algorithmic thinking, automation of tasks, modeling & simulation, data manipulation
& analysis, rapid prototyping.

11. How does programming help in modeling and simulating real-world scenarios?
Answer: By creating software models that replicate real processes, allowing
hypothesis testing without real-world risks.

Page 6: Problem-Solving through Programming

12. What is algorithmic thinking, and why is it important in programming? Answer:

Breaking complex problems into logical steps (algorithms). It’s crucial for clear,
maintainable solutions.

13. How does automation through programming benefit problem-solving? Answer:

Automates repetitive tasks, saving time and reducing human error.

14. Explain how data manipulation aids decision-making in programming. Answer: It

organizes and analyzes data to reveal patterns and insights that inform solutions.

15. What role does rapid prototyping play in software development? Answer: Allows
quick creation and testing of ideas, enabling iterative improvement.

Page 7: Scalability, Collaboration, and Adaptability

16. How does programming support scalability and adaptability? Answer: Well-designed
code can handle more data or new requirements by adjusting algorithms or
resources.

17. In what ways does programming promote collaboration and communication among
developers? Answer: Through shared code repositories, version control,
documentation, and code reviews.

Page 8–9: The Problem-Solving Process

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18. What are the four main phases of the problem-solving process? Answer:
Identification, analysis, design, and implementation.

19. Describe what is involved in each phase: identification, analysis, design, and
implementation. Answer:

Identification: Define the problem, inputs, outputs, and constraints.

Analysis: Break down into subproblems, find patterns, determine resources.

Design: Create algorithms, data structures, and interface plans.

Implementation: Write code, test, debug, and optimize.

20. Why is problem analysis crucial before designing a solution? Answer: It ensures full
understanding of subproblems and requirements, preventing flawed designs.

Page 10–11: Planning a Birthday Party Example

21. In the context of a birthday party, how is problem identification carried out? Answer:
By defining goals (fun party), inputs (guest count, food, activities), and constraints
(budget, venue, date).

22. What steps are taken during problem analysis for event planning? Answer: List tasks
(invitations, food, decorations), identify relationships (guest count → food amount),
determine resources (suppliers, helpers).

23. How can algorithms be used to design solutions for everyday tasks like party
planning? Answer: By writing step-by-step procedures (e.g., create guest list → send
invites → confirm attendance → order food).

Page 12: Implementation in Real-Life Scenarios

24. How is “writing the code” metaphorically used in the party planning example?
Answer: It means executing the plan: sending invites, ordering food, buying
decorations.

25. What does testing and debugging involve in non-software contexts? Answer:
Checking that tasks (invitations sent, food quantity) are correct and adjusting if
needed.

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26. How can the performance of a planned event be optimized? Answer: By double-
checking supplies, adjusting schedule based on past experience, and prioritizing key
tasks.

Page 13–15: Class Work – School Resumption Example

27. Using the problem-solving process, how can one prepare effectively for school
resumption? Answer: Identify supplies and schedule, analyze needs vs. reuse, design
shopping plan, implement by purchasing and organizing.

28. What are the key constraints and requirements in preparing for a new school term?
Answer: Budget limits, deadline by school start date, required textbooks and
supplies.

29. How would you design a solution (algorithm) for preparing for school? Answer:
Steps: list subjects → list required items → create shopping list → allocate time →
purchase items.

30. How can digital tools aid in implementing a back-to-school plan? Answer: Use
spreadsheets or apps to track purchases, set reminders, and compare prices online.

Page 16: Algorithm Basics

31. Define an algorithm. Answer: A finite sequence of well-defined steps to solve a

problem or perform a task.

32. What are the key characteristics of a good algorithm? Answer: Definiteness,
input/output clarity, effectiveness, finiteness, and efficiency.

33. Why must an algorithm terminate after a finite number of steps? Answer: To ensure
it finishes and provides a result within limited time and resources.

Page 17: Characteristics of an Algorithm (Cont'd)

34. Differentiate between definiteness and effectiveness in algorithm design. Answer:

Definiteness means unambiguous steps; effectiveness means each step is executable
and produces the correct result.

35. Why is efficiency a critical attribute of an algorithm? Answer: Efficient algorithms use
fewer resources (time, memory) for better performance.
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Page 18: Methods of Representing Algorithms

36. What are the three main methods of representing algorithms? Answer: Pseudo-code
(English-like), flowcharts, and decision tables.

37. Why is pseudo-code often used before actual coding? Answer: It provides a
language-independent, informal outline of logic, making design clearer.

38. What is the importance of problem recognition in designing an algorithm? Answer:

Without correctly identifying the problem, no valid solution steps can be formulated.

Page 19–20: Pseudo Code

39. Define pseudo-code and its role in programming. Answer: An informal, English-like
representation of program logic used to plan algorithms.

40. Write a pseudo-code to find the area of a rectangle. Answer:

Begin Input length, width area = length * width Print area End

41. Explain how pseudo-code differs from actual programming code. Answer: Pseudo-
code is informal, lacks syntax rules, and focuses on logic rather than implementation
details.

Page 21: Pseudo Code – Conditional Logic

42. Write a pseudo-code to find the greatest of three numbers. Answer:

Begin Input A, B, C If A > B then big = A else big = B If big > C then greatest = big else
greatest = C Print greatest End

43. How is decision-making implemented in pseudo-code? Answer: Using If…then…else

constructs to choose actions based on conditions.

Page 22: Pseudo Code – Grading System

44. How would you write a pseudo-code to determine if a student passes or fails?
Answer:

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Begin Input marks M1, M2, M3, M4 average = (M1+M2+M3+M4)/4 If average < 50 then
Print "Fail" else Print "Pass" End

45. What conditional structure is used to implement grading logic? Answer: The If…
then…else statement.

Page 23: Flowchart Basics

46. What is a flowchart, and how does it represent an algorithm? Answer: A graphical
representation using symbols and arrows to show the sequence of steps in an
algorithm.

47. List and explain at least four standard flowchart symbols. Answer:

Oval (Start/Stop)

Rectangle (Process/Do Something)

Parallelogram (Input/Output)

Diamond (Decision)

Page 24: Flowchart Example

48. Describe the steps in a flowchart for mailing a letter. Answer:

49. Start

50. Address envelope

51. Fold letter

52. Place letter in envelope

53. Add stamp

54. End

55. Why is direction or flow important in a flowchart? Answer: It shows the order in
which steps are executed, ensuring clarity of process.

Page 25–26: Flowchart for Unit Conversion

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50. Write a flowchart and pseudo-code to convert length from feet to centimeters.
Answer (Pseudo-code):

Begin Input Lft Lcm = Lft * 30 Print Lcm End

51. Why is input/output representation crucial in flowcharts? Answer: It clarifies data

entry and results retrieval points, avoiding confusion in the process.

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