INTERNET OF THINGS

Chapter 1
Introduction
WHAT IS DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY?
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We refer to digital technology as tools, systems and devices that can generate, create, store or

process data. The data processing and logic capabilities of digital technologies are enabled

through microprocesses that are programmed to perform various functions.

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DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IMPACT
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 WHAT IS IOT?
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The internet of things, or IoT, is a network of interrelated devices that connect and exchange data
with other IoT devices and the cloud.

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WHY IS INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) SO IMPORTANT?
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• Over the past few years, IoT has become one of the most important technologies of the 21st
century. Now that we can connect everyday objects—kitchen appliances, cars, thermostats, baby
monitors—to the internet via embedded devices, seamless communication is possible between
people, processes, and things.
• By means of low-cost computing, the cloud, big data analytics, and mobile technologies, physical
things can share and collect data with minimal human intervention. In this hyperconnected world,
digital systems can record, monitor, and adjust each interaction between connected things. The
physical world meets the digital world—and they cooperate.

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WHAT TECHNOLOGIES HAVE MADE IOT POSSIBLE?
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• Access to low-cost, low-power sensor technology

• Connectivity
• Cloud computing platforms
• Machine learning and analytics
• Conversational artificial intelligence (AI)

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 IOT − KEY FEATURES
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The most important features of IoT include artificial intelligence, connectivity, sensors, active engagement, and
small device use. A brief review of these features is given below −
• AI − IoT essentially makes virtually anything “smart”, meaning it enhances every aspect of life with the power
of data collection, artificial intelligence algorithms, and networks. This can mean something as simple as
enhancing your refrigerator and cabinets to detect when milk and your favorite foods run low, and to then
place an order with your preferred grocer.
• Connectivity − New enabling technologies for networking, and specifically IoT networking can exist on a
much smaller and cheaper scale. IoT creates these small networks between its system devices.
• Sensors − IoT loses its distinction without sensors. They act as defining instruments which transform IoT from a
standard passive network of devices into an active system capable of real-world integration.
• Active Engagement − Much of today's interaction with connected technology happens through passive
engagement. IoT introduces a new paradigm for active content, product, or service engagement.
• Small
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Devices − Devices, as predicted, have become smaller, cheaper, and more powerful over time.
MAIN COMPONENTS OF IOT
.S OF IOT NETWORKS

• Sensors/devices,
• Connectivity,
• Data processing, and
• A user interface.

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IOT MAIN FEATURES:
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• Connect various things to the IoT Platform

• Analyze the data collected and use it to build business intelligence
• Integrate various models to improve user experience.

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HOW DOES IOT WORKS?
.TYPES OF IOT APPLICATIONS

In a nutshell, IoT works like this:

1. Devices have hardware, like sensors, that collect data.
2. The data collected by the sensors is then shared via the cloud and integrated with software.
3. The software then analyzes and transmits the data to users via an app or website.

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF IOT
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6. Self Upgradation
As we saw above, updating the software regularly is important. But who has the time to remember to do that? Thus, with its artificial intelligence, IoT upgrades
itself without human help. It also allows the setup of a network for the addition of any new IoT devices. Thus, the technology can quickly start working without
delay if the setup has already been done.
7. Architecture
The architecture of IoT is designed in a way that it is capable of supporting various devices, technologies, and protocols. Its main work is to confirm whether
each connected device does not interfere with the other. This way, the safety and security of each device's data are maintained.
8. Security
With the increasing number of IoT devices, issues regarding the security of personal data have arisen. There might be a chance of data leakage as a large
amount of data is collected, exchanged, and generated. There is a chance of personal data being transferred without approval, which is a matter of concern.
To overcome this challenge, IoT has created networks, systems, and devices wherein privacy is well maintained. Maintaining safety and security is a big dare
for IoT. However, it still handles it without any disruption.
9. Network
With the increasing number of IoT devices in a network, it becomes difficult to maintain communication for proper functioning. However, cloud service and
gateway are a few methods that can solve such problems. Often, one device can use the connectivity of another device to establish network connectivity even if
the second device is not connected to a network. Because IoT devices can communicate with one another, it is more effective and adaptable than other current
technologies.
10. Data
The data gathered from IoT devices are analyzed for future prediction. For example, a calorie meter. It helps to regulate the number of calories each day. We
11 also have fitness data, thermostats, and various devices that monitor our health. Therefore, we can use the data collected through these devices.
APPLICATIONS OF IOT:
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• Energy conservation
• Smart Transport
• Social life and entertainment
• Supply chain and logistics
• Health and fitness
• Smart environment
• Home automation
• Smart agriculture

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