LITERE – ANUL I – CURS 7, SEM 2, 7 APRILIE 2025

*REVIEW OF CONDITIONALS

*First, Second and Third Conditionals

First: if … the Present Simple … will / can / might, etc.

If we win today, we’ll go to the top of the league. (We may win, or we may not.)

Second: if … Past Simple … would / could / might

If Johnson was in the team, I’d feel more confident. (Johnson isn’t in the team.)

Third: if … Past Perfect … would have / could have / might have

If Johnson had played, we’d have won. (Johnson didn’t play)

Here are some more examples with different verb forms.

First: If I’m going shopping, I’ll need some money.

If the disco has finished, we might be able to get some sleep.
You should stay in bed if you feel unwell.

Second: If I didn’t like this pudding, I wouldn’t eat it.

If the video recorder was working, we could watch a film.
The alarm might go off if we tried to get in through a window.

Third: If we’d dropped the piano, it would have been a disaster.

If Vicky had come to the theme park with us last week, she might have enjoyed it.
We could have given you a lift if we’d known you were coming this way.

Practice:

1. Match the sentences and join them with if. Say what types of conditional they are.

I went to bed earlier. I’ll try to follow them.

1. The twins had worn different clothes. You might not be warm enough.
2. You tell me what the instructions say. I wouldn’t have bought it.
3. People used public transport. I wouldn’t sleep.
4. You don’t wear a sweater. There’d be less pollution.

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 5. I hadn’t seen the product advertised. We could have told them apart.

If I went to bed earlier, I wouldn’t sleep. Second

1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………….
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………..
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………..
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………

2. Adam is a music student. He rents a room from Mr. Day. Put in the correct forms.

Mr. Day: Can’t you stop playing that trumpet? You’re making an awful noise.
Adam: Well, if (I / not / practise) I don’t practise, I won’t pass my exam.
Mr. Day: But why at night? It’s half past twelve. If (1) (you / play) ……………………………………..it in
the daytime, (2) (I / not / hear) …………………………………you because I’d be at work. If (3)
(you / tell) ………………………………………….me about this trumpet when you first came here,
(4) (I / not / let) …………………………………….you have the room. I’m afraid it’s becoming a
nuisance. If (5) (you / not / play) …………………………………………so loud, (6) (it / not / be)
…………………………………….so bad.
Adam: I’m sorry, but you can’t play a trumpet quietly.
Mr. Day: If (7) (I / realize) …………………………………..a year ago what you were going to do, then (8)
(I / throw) …………………………………………you out long ago. If (9) (you / go)
………………………………………on making this noise at night, (10) (I / have)
………………………………………to complain to your college.

*Other conditional sentences

For example, we can use two present-tense verbs

If you ring this number, no one answers.

We can also use a present-tense verb and an imperative.

If you need any help, just ask. If you drink, don’t drive.

We can use be going to

If it’s going to rain, I’d better take an umbrella.
If they try to cut down the trees, there’s going to be a big protest.

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We can mix the Second and Third Conditionals:
If Matthew had booked a table, we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue.
If I hadn't got the job in Tokyo, I wouldn't be with my current partner.
= imagining how a change in a past situation would have a result in the present.

If you needed help, you should have asked me.

It's really important. If it wasn't, I wouldn't have called you on your holiday.
= imagining how a different situation in the present would mean that the past was
different as well.

Practice:

3. What might you say in these situations? Use a conditional sentence:

You think Emma should book a seat on the train. The alternative is having to stand.
If Emma doesn’t book a seat on the train, she’ll have to stand.

1. You didn’t know how unpopular Jason was when you invited him to the party.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Warn your friend not to put too many tins into the plastic bag or it’ll break.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. You haven’t got a pen, so you can’t write down the address.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. You should have started your project earlier. You’re so far behind now.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Your friend might need some help. If so, tell her to give you a ring.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The automatic result of the door opening is the fan coming on.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

*IF, WHEN, UNLESS, AND IN CASE

1. Present Simple for the future

Look at these examples:

You’ll be tired tomorrow if you stay up late.
Tell me when the water boils.
I won’t do anything unless you agree.

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 Write the name down in case you forget it.

= Present Simple for the future after linking words such as if, when, unless, and in case.

2. If or when?

If you hear any news, can you ring me When you hear any news, can you ring me
immediately? immediately?
(You might hear some news.) (You will hear some news.)
I’ll probably go for a walk later on if it stays I’ll make myself an omelette when I get home
fine. tonight.
(It might stay fine.) (I will get home tonight.)

We use if for something that we think might We use when for something that we know
happen. will happen.

We use if (not when) for something

impossible or imaginary.
If I were you, I’d refuse.

We can use either if or when in contexts where they mean ‘every time’.
If you run, you use up energy. When you run, you use up energy.

Practice:

1. Look at the information in brackets and complete the sentences using if or when and a verb
in the Present Simple:

(I may see Tom tonight.) If I see Tom, I’ll tell him the news.
(Melanie is coming soon.) When Melanie comes, can you let her in, please?

1. (The alarm will ring soon.) ……………………………………………………we all have to leave the building.
2. (I might feel better tomorrow.) …………………………………………..I’ll probably go back to work.
3. (This film finishes at ten.) …………………………………………………..I’ll stop the video.
4. (The plan may not work.) ………………………………………………..we’ll have to think of something
else.

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2. If and unless

If … not means the same as unless.

I can’t see if I don’t wear glasses. = I can’t see unless I wear glasses.
The doctor will be here if she isn’t called to = The doctor will be here unless she’s called
an emergency. to an emergency.
If you can’t pay your bills, you’ll have to = Unless you can pay your bills, you’ll have to
leave. leave.
I wouldn’t say that if I didn’t believe it. = I wouldn’t say that unless I believed it.

Practice:

2. Complete the sentences using unless and the information in the brackets.

You won’t get there in time (if you don’t hurry) unless you hurry.

1. We can’t have a picnic (if it isn’t a nice day) ……………………………………………………..

2. Don’t leave the TV on (if you aren’t watching it) …………………………………………………..
3. We can’t do the job (if we don’t get help) …………………………………………………………..
4. I wouldn’t have bought the picture (if I didn’t like it) …………………………………………………..

3. Which word makes more sense? Put in if or unless.

Rachel will be pleased if she passes her driving test.

The bus won’t stop unless you ring the bell.

1. I can’t read your writing ………………………..you print clearly.

2. Emma will be upset ……………………………………she doesn’t get the job.
3. You can’t go into the reception ………………………………..you’ve got a ticket.
4. Don’t bother to ring me …………………………………it’s important.

3. In case

Look at these examples:

Take a sandwich with you in case you get hungry.
I’d better reserve a seat today in case the train is full tomorrow.

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 Laura took two photos in case one of them didn’t come out.
= doing something to avoid a possible problem later on.

Compare if and in case:

I’ll bring in the washing if it rains. I’ll bring in the washing in case it rains.
(= I’ll bring in at the time it starts raining.) (= I’ll bring it in now because it might rain later.)

Practice:

4. What would you say in these situations? Use in case.

You think Vicky had better take a coat. It might get cold.
You to Vicky: You’d better take a coat in case it gets cold.

1. You think you and Mark had better book a table. The restaurant might be busy.
You to Mark: ……………………………………………………………………………………….
2. You think Claire ought to ensure her jewellery. It might get stolen.
You to Clare: …………………………………………………………………………………………
3. You’ll leave David your phone number. He might want to contact you.
You to David: ……………………………………………………………………………………….

5. Jake lives next door to Melanie. Complete their conversation. Put in if, when (X2), unless, or
in case.

Jake: A man is delivering a washing-machine this morning, but I have to go to work. I won’t be
here when he calls. Could you let him in for me, please (1) ………………………you’re terribly
busy?
Melanie: Oh, that’s no problem.
Jake: Oh, thanks. (2) ………………………..you could do that, I’d be really grateful. I’ll leave a message
on his answerphone. And (3) ……………………………he doesn’t get the message, I’ll put a
note on the door, just to make sure. He’ll see it (4) …………………….he comes.

Pride and Prejudice

"It is from Miss Bingley," said Jane, and then read it aloud.

"MY DEAR FRIEND,—

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 "If you are not so compassionate as to dine today with Louisa and me, we shall be in
danger of hating each other for the rest of our lives, for a whole day spent in private
conversation between two women can never end without a quarrel. Come as soon as you can
upon receiving this note. My brother and the gentlemen are to dine with the officers.—Yours
ever,
"CAROLINE BINGLEY"

"With the officers!" cried Lydia. "I wonder why my aunt did not tell us of that."
"Dining out," said Mrs. Bennet, "that is very unlucky."
"Can I have the carriage?" said Jane.
"No, my dear, you had better go on horseback, because it seems likely to rain; and then
you will have to stay all night."
"That would be a good scheme," said Elizabeth, "if you were sure that they would not
offer to send her home."
"Oh! but the gentlemen will have Mr. Bingley's chaise to go to Meryton, and the Hursts
have no horses for theirs."
"I would much rather go in the coach."
"But, my dear, your father cannot spare the horses, I am sure. They are needed on the
farm, aren't they, Mr. Bennet?"
"They are needed on the farm much more often than I can get them for the carriage."
"But if you have them today," said Elizabeth, "my mother's scheme will be thwarted."
She did at last coerce from her father an acknowledgment that the horses were engaged
for use on the farm. Jane was forced to go on horseback, and her mother accompanied her to
the door with many cheerful predictions of bad weather. Her hopes were answered; Jane had
not been gone long before it rained hard. Her sisters were uneasy for her, but her mother was
delighted. The rain continued the whole evening without a break; Jane certainly could not come
back.
"This was a lucky idea of mine, indeed!" said Mrs. Bennet more than once, as if the
credit of making it rain were all her own. Till the next morning, however, she was not aware of
just how much happiness she could hope to enjoy from her scheme. Breakfast was scarcely over
when a servant from Netherfield brought the following note for Elizabeth:

"MY DEAREST LIZZY,—

"I find myself very unwell this morning, which, I suppose, is to be attributed to my
getting soaked yesterday. My kind friends will not hear of my returning till I am better. They also
insist on my seeing Mr. Jones—therefore do not be alarmed if you should hear of his having
been to me—and, except for a sore throat and headache, there is not much the matter with me.
—Yours, etc."

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 "Well, my dear," said Mr. Bennet, when Elizabeth had read the note aloud, "if your
daughter should have a dangerous fit of illness—if she should die, it would be a comfort to
know that it was all in pursuit of Mr. Bingley, and under your orders."
"Oh! I am not afraid of her dying. People do not die of little trifling colds. She will be
taken good care of. As long as she stays there, it is all very well. I would go and see her if I could
have the carriage."
Elizabeth, feeling really anxious, was determined to go to her, though the carriage was
not available; and as she was no horsewoman, walking was her only alternative. She declared
her decision.
"How can you be so silly," cried her mother, "as to think of such a thing, in all this mud!
You will not be fit to be seen when you get there."
"I shall be very fit to see Jane—which is all I want."
"Is this a hint to me, Lizzy," said her father, "to send for the horses?"
"No, indeed, I do not wish to avoid the walk. The distance is nothing when one has a
motive; only three miles. I shall be back by dinner."
"I admire you for the amount of exercise your act of kindness will require," observed
Mary, "but every impulsive feeling should be guided by reason; and, in my opinion, the amount
of effort needed for an activity should always be in proportion to what is required."
"We will go as far as Meryton with you," said Catherine and Lydia. Elizabeth accepted
their company, and the three young ladies set off together.
"If we hurry," said Lydia, as they walked along, "perhaps we may see something of
Captain Carter before he goes."
In Meryton they parted; the two youngest went to the lodgings of one of the officers'
wives, and Elizabeth continued her walk alone, crossing field after field at a quick pace, jumping
over stiles and springing over puddles with impatient activity, and finding herself at last within
view of the house, with weary ankles, dirty stockings, and a face glowing with the warmth of
exercise.
She was shown into the breakfast-parlor, where all but Jane were gathered, and where
her appearance created a great deal of surprise. That she should have walked three miles so
early in the day, in such dirty weather, and by herself, was almost incredible to Mrs. Hurst and
Miss Bingley; and Elizabeth was convinced that they looked down on her for it. However, she
was received very politely by them; and in their brother's manners there was something better
than politeness; there was good humor and kindness. Mr. Darcy said very little, and Mr. Hurst
nothing at all. Mr. Darcy was divided between admiration of the brightness which exercise had
given to her complexion, and doubt as to the occasion's justifying her coming so far alone. Mr.
Hurst was thinking only of his breakfast.

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 Her inquiries after her sister were not very favorably answered. Miss Bennet had not
slept very well, and though awake, was very feverish, and not well enough to leave her room.
Elizabeth was glad to be taken to her immediately; and Jane, who had not said how much she
longed for such a visit for fear of alarming her family or causing an inconvenience to them by
disrupting their morning plans, was delighted at her entrance. She was not up to much
conversation, however, and when Miss Bingley left them together, could attempt little besides
expressions of gratitude for the extraordinary kindness she was treated with. Elizabeth silently
took care of her.
When breakfast was over they were joined by the sisters; and Elizabeth began to like
them herself, when she saw how much affection and concern they showed for Jane. The
apothecary came, and having examined his patient, said, as might be supposed, that she had
caught a violent cold, and that they must endeavor to get the better of it; advised her to return
to bed, and promised her some medicines. The advice was followed readily, for the feverish
symptoms increased, and her head ached severely. Elizabeth did not leave her room for a
moment; nor were the other ladies often absent; with the gentlemen being out of the house,
they had, in fact, nothing to do elsewhere.
When the clock struck three, Elizabeth felt that she must go, and very unwillingly said so.
Miss Bingley offered her the carriage, and she only needed a little encouragement to accept it.
When Jane betrayed distress in her leaving, Miss Bingley was obliged to convert the offer of the
chaise to an invitation to remain at Netherfield for the present. Elizabeth consented most
thankfully, and a servant was sent to Longbourn to let the family know of her stay and bring
back a supply of clothes.