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Unit 6

The document discusses the differences between top down and bottom up techniques for synthesizing nanomaterials, along with their applications, particularly in superconductors. It outlines practical applications of superconductors, including energy-saving power systems, magnetic levitation for trains, and high-efficiency ore-separating machines. Additionally, it defines critical temperature and critical magnetic field in superconductors and explains the Meissner effect.

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Rahil Kala
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5 views3 pages

Unit 6

The document discusses the differences between top down and bottom up techniques for synthesizing nanomaterials, along with their applications, particularly in superconductors. It outlines practical applications of superconductors, including energy-saving power systems, magnetic levitation for trains, and high-efficiency ore-separating machines. Additionally, it defines critical temperature and critical magnetic field in superconductors and explains the Meissner effect.

Uploaded by

Rahil Kala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Differentiate between the top down and bottom up techniques used for synthesis of nano

materials.

Mention the applications of nanomaterials.


Give the practical applications of superconductors.

Applications of superconductors:
(i) Superconductors form the basis of energy saving power systems, namely the
superconducting generators, which are smaller in size and weight, in comparison with
conventional generators.
(ii) Superconducting magnets have been used to levitate trains above its rails. They can be
driven at high speed with minimal expenditure of energy.
(iii) Superconducting magnetic propulsion systems may be used to launch satellites into
orbits directly from the earth without the use of rockets.
(iv) High efficiency ore-separating machines may be built using superconducting magnets
which can be used to separate tumor cells from healthy cells by high gradient magnetic
separation method.
(v) Since the current in a superconducting wire can flow without any change in magnitude, it
can be used for transmission lines.

Give the differences between type I and type II superconductors.

Explain penetration depth related to superconductor.


Define critical temperature, critical magnetic field in case of a superconductor.

When a superconducting material is cooled below a certain temperature, it goes


into the superconducting state from normal state (fig. 4). The temperature at
which a material in normal state goes into superconducting state is
known as the critical temperature Tc.

Superconducting state depends on the strength of the magnetic field in which the
material is placed. Superconductivity vanishes if a sufficiently strong magnetic
field is applied (fig. 5). The minimum magnetic field, which is necessary to regain
the normal resistivity, is called the critical magnetic field, Hc.

What is the Meissner effect?

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