2/6/2020

Process Safety-II

Learning and Development

CONTENT

 Hazardous area classification

 Material Safety Data Sheet
 Chemical Hazard in the work environment
 Flammable Liquids
 Hazard communication
 Physical Hazards in the work environment
 Gas testing process
 Isolation of the equipment
 Safety Risks/Hazards during shutdown and precautions
 Specific hazards and precautions

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Hazardous Area Classification

A Hazardous Area is considered to be an area where an explosive atmosphere is or maybe expected to

be present which requires special precautions to be taken

These Zones are defines as follows:

An area where an explosive atmosphere is present continuously of for
Zone 0
long periods.
An area where an explosive atmosphere is likely to occur in normal
Zone 1
operation.
An area where an explosive atmosphere is not likely to occur in normal
Zone 2
operation.

The areas outside those classified as hazardous are referred to as "safe areas".

Material Safety Data Sheet -MSDS

The MSDS is a detail information bulletin prepared by the manufacturer or importer of a chemical that
describe the physical and chemical properties, physical health hazard, routes of exposure, precaution for
safe handling and use, emergency and first-aid procedures, and control measures.

Employer must have an MSDS for each hazardous chemical, which they use.

 Designation of person’s responsibility for obtaining and maintaining the MSDSs.

 How much sheets are to be maintain in the work place and how employee can obtain access to them
when they are in work area during the work shift;
 Procedure to follow when the MSDS is not received at the time of the first shipment;

Identifying responsible staff:

In order to have a successful program, it will be necessary to assign responsibility for both the initial and
ongoing activities that have to be undertaken.

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Identifying hazard chemicals in the work place:

The list will eventually serve as an inventory of everything for which an MSDS must be maintained.
Once you have complied as complete a list as possible of the potential hazardous chemicals in the work
place, the next step is to determine if you have received material safety datasheet for all of them.

Preparing and implementing a hazard communication program:

The written program must be describe how the requirements for levels and other forms of warning,
material safety data sheet, and employee information and training , are going to be met in your facility.

Levels and other forms of warning:

In plant containers of hazardous chemical must be leveled, tagged, or marked with the identity of the
material and appropriate hazard warning. Chemical manufacturers, importer, and distributor are required
to ensure that every container of hazard chemicals they ship is appropriate labeled with such information
and with the name and address of the producer or other responsible party.

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

NAME(S) :GASOLINE,PETROL,MOTOR SPIRIT

CHEMICAL FORMULA : A complex mixture of hydrocarbons
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OTHER CHARECTIRISTICS
D.R : 32C - 215C Water white to straw tint in color before
S.G : 0.69 - 0.77 (approx.) dye addition
V.D : 3.0 - 4.0 additives added in low concentration do
F.P : May be as low as - 45C not contribute significantly to toxicity by
(C.C) inhalation
E.L: 1.3-7.6 by vol. in air.
I.T : 2570C
TLV/MAC VALUE: 300 PPM (900 mg/m3) for 8hrs. As per ACGIH. The
composition of gasoline varies greatly and hence a single TLV for all types is not
applicable. In general aromatic hydrocarbon content will determine what TLV
applies.
HAZARDS PRECAUTIONS EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
Fire: -Dangerous, when No open flame Foam, Carbon dioxide, Dry
exposed to heat or Chemical powder, BCF, BTM,
flame. Can react No smoking CBM or DBE.
vigorously with oxidizing
materials. Adequate
Explosion: - Moderate, ventilation.
when exposed to heat or
flame.
Disaster: - Dangerous in
the presence of heat or
flame.
SYMPTOMS PRECAUTIONS FIRST AID
Inhalation In very high Adequate Remove victim immediately from
concentration of vapor ventilation to contaminated atmosphere.
causes loss of keep vapor Rescuers should take suitable
consciousness, coma concentration precautions to prevent their being
and sudden death. In down. overcome by high vapor
less severe case Not tobe concentration if required artificial
headache, nausea, siphoned by respiration should be applied
mental confusion and mouth protective immediately. If ingested, liquid
depression may occur. clothing and paraffin olive oil or some other
Ingestion causes gloves to be vegetable oil is to be given orally
irritation of gastro warned to avoid to retard absorption of gasoline
intestinal tract with skin contact. gastric lavage and the induction of
vomiting, colic and Goggles to be vomiting are not advisable
diarrhea. Fatal dose for warm for because of the possibility of
adult is 350g and for protection against aspiration of gasoline and the
children 10- splashes. subsequent development of
15g.Prolonged skin Leaded gasoline chemical pneumonia. The use of
contact will dry and defat should be used oxygen and antibiotics
skin with dermatitis; only as motor prophylactocally for the
splash contact with the fuel. If unleaded prevention of set odary bacterial
eyes causes pain and gasoline is used pneumonia may be inacted.
as a solvent

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Chemical Hazard In The Work Environment

The effect of chemical substances on the body depends not only on the individual chemical but
also on the dose and susceptibility of the individual.

In general no chemical can be considered non toxic; there are only differences in degree or effect.

Absence of any immediate effect is not an indication that a substance is harmless. Precaution
measure should be taken therefore and protective equipment supplied where chemicals can effect
persons.

By which routes will the contaminant gain entry to the human body?

 Gases and vapors via the respiratory track because of inhalation.

 Particulate matter via the respiratory track because of inhalation.
 Absorbs by the skin.
 Direct skin contact causing epidermal damage.
 Absorbing through the skin causing systematic poisoning
 Absorption by the gastrointestinal tract from ingestion(swallowing)

Toxic effects:

Toxic effects can be classified according to their duration of action.

 Acute: Short-term exposure; high dose.
 Chronic: Long term exposure; low dose effect often irreversible
 Local effect: Occur on the site of action (burns, irritation)
 Systematic effect: Occurs after the absorption of the substances in the blood stream and
subsequent distribution around the body where adverse/ toxic effect can be produce in
individual organs or in several organs.

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THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE – TLV

This is the concentration of substances in air measured in

 PPM at room temperature

Most substances have a safe level of exposure below, which there are no significant
adverse effects. This level is the Threshold Limit Value (TLV)

 NIOSH – National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

 ACGIH American conference of Government Industrial hygienists

Protection from Chemicals & Hazard substances

The best protection is not to have any hazardous substances or if possible substitute it for something not
hazardous. Unfortunately this can not be always achieved.

Protection can be achieved by:

 Identify chemicals and substances that are a health Hazard
 Carrying out a risk assessment To identify the risk, To indicate control measures
 Using safe working system
 Training
 Use PPE- where none of the above will suffice
 Provide health surveillance for employees exposed to the hazardous substances.

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Flammable Liquids
Flammable liquid means any liquid having a flashpoint below 100 deg. F. (37.8 deg. C.), except any
mixture having components with flashpoints of 100 deg. F. (37.8 deg. C.) or higher, the total of which make
up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture.

Flash Point (oF) Relative Degree of Hazard

<0 Extreme
0 to 100 Extreme to High
100 to 150 High to Moderate
150 to 200 Moderate
> 200 Very Low

Flammable liquids shall be known as Class I ,II,III liquids. Class I liquids are divided into three classes
as follows:

• Class IA shall include liquids having flashpoints below 73 deg. F. (22.8 deg. C.) and having a boiling
point below 100 deg. F. (37.8 deg. C.).

• Class IB shall include liquids having flashpoints below 73 deg. F. (22.8 deg. C.) and having a boiling
point at or above 100 deg. F. (37.8 deg. C.).

• Class IC shall include liquids having flashpoints at or above 73 deg. F. (22.8 deg. C.) and below 100 deg.
F. (37.8 deg. C.).

Class II Liquids

• Class II liquids shall include those with flashpoints at or above 100 deg. F. (37.8 deg. C.) and below 140
deg. F. (60 deg. C)

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Class III liquids

Class III liquids shall include those with flashpoints at or above 140 deg. F. (60 deg. C.) Class III liquids are
subdivided into two subclasses:

Class IIIA liquids shall include those with flashpoints at or above 140 deg. F. (60 deg. C.) and below 200
deg. F. (93.3 deg. C)

Class IIIB liquids shall include those with flashpoints at or above 200 deg. F. (93.3 deg. C)

Flammable limits apply generally to vapors and are defined as the concentration range in
which a flammable substance can produce a fire or explosion when an ignition source
(such as a spark or open flame) is present. The concentration is generally expressed as
percent fuel by volume.

• UEL/UFL

Above the upper flammable limit (UFL) the mixture of substance and air is too
rich in fuel (deficient in oxygen) to burn. This is sometimes called the upper
explosive limit (UEL).

• LEL

The minimum concentration of fuel in fuel-air mixture so as to catch fire &

sustain the flame is called as Lower Explosive Limit of the fuel.

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LEL and UEL

Activity1

Hazard Communication

Most of the chemicals produced, handled in OQ plants are hazardous in nature such as flammable, toxic,
irritant, corrosive etc. Therefore it is essential for all employees and contractors to be aware of the hazards and
risk of those chemicals.

OQ ensures that hazards of all chemicals are properly identified and information concerning those hazards
is transmitted to all employees and contractors handling them. The classification used in OQ is consistent
with United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS).

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GHS Pictograms & Hazards

Hydrogen Sulfide (H S) 2

Extremely toxic and extremely flammable gas (flammable range: 4.3–46%). It can be fatal
at higher concentrations. Being heavier than air it tends to accumulate at the bottom of poorly
ventilated spaces, in lower concentrations it has a distinct smell of rotten eggs which
disappear rapidly at dangerous concentrations above 50 ppm which can kill sense of smell, so
victims may be unaware of its presence until it is too late.

Prevention
Keep away from heat, spark and flame. Do not breath gas.

Response
If inhaled, remove person to fresh air. Leaking gas fire: do not extinguish unless leak can be stopped
safely.

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Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

One of the refinery products and present in several process streams, used as fuel in heating appliances,
cooking equipment and vehicles. Extremely flammable gas (flammable range:
2.2 – 9.5%). Highly volatile, vapors are heavier than air.

Prevention
Keep away from heat, spark and flame. Do not breath gas
Response
If inhaled, remove person to fresh air. Leaking gas fire: do not extinguish unless
leak can be stopped safely.

Naphtha
Produced by the process units as a petroleum distillate and used in the plant as raw material to produce
motor gasoline. Highly flammable liquid (flammable range: 1.1 –5.9%). vapors are heavier than air.
If released may spread around the ground, accumulate in low points and may form flammable and
asphyxiate atmosphere in confined spaces. It may contain toxic substances like H2S & Benzene. It is
irritant to the skin and flow causes static charges.

Prevention
Keep away from heat, spark and flame. Do not breath gas
Response
If inhaled, remove person to fresh air

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Benzene
A natural part of crude oil and produced by the Aromatic process units as a product. Benzene is a
colorless and highly flammable liquid (1.2– 7.8% )with a sweet smell, and is responsible for the aroma
smelt around petrol stations. It Increases risk of illnesses, as per OSHA, the maximum allowed
amount of benzene during an 8-hour workday, 40- hour work week is 1ppm. Avoid high temperatures,
open flames, sparks, welding, smoking and other ignition sources. Flow cause static charge.

Prevention
Keep away from heat, spark and flame. Do not breath gas
Response
If inhaled, remove person to fresh air

Sulfur
Produced as elemental sulfur one of the refinery byproducts as a result of removing sulfur-containing
contaminants from crude oil. Mainly used for the production of sulfuric acid for sulfate fertilizers.
Combustible liquid. Vapors are heavier than air.

Prevention
Keep away from heat, spark and flame. Do not breath gas
Response
If inhaled, remove person to fresh air

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PHYSICAL HAZARDS IN THE WORK ENVIRONMENT

 Noise
 Vibration
 Temperature
 Radiation
 Illumination
 Ergonomics
 Slips

Noise
Noise is unwanted sound. Continuous noise tires the person. Excessive noise can cause damage to the eardrums
and increase the possibility of accidents because of the difficulty of hearing warning or instructions.
Noise levels (the pressure created by sound waves) is measured in Decibels-dB
There are instruments, which measure sound levels.
If people appear not to be bothered by level of noise this does not mean there is no problem. People do not get
used to noise they get deaf.

Noise generating in-

• Compressors
• During maintenance
• Grinding
• Pumps
• Generators

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Level 1 above 85dB but below 90dB

 Noise assessment is mandatory (risk assessment)

 Workers will be informed of the result of the assessments
 Data will be recorded
 Workers will be informed of the risk involved
 Workers will be trained
 Have hearing checks, which will be set the ‘Baseline audiogram’; this audiogram will be used in rechecking the
employee annually.
 Supplied with the hearing protection
 Hearing protection becomes mandatory if the annul audiogram indicates a deterioration of hearing which is the
result of work exposure.
 The employer must reduce the noise level to the lowest practically possible.

Level 2 above 90dB

 Where the noise level is above 90dB the condition for the 85dB are applicable plus
 The area must be restricted and marked with appropriate sign
 Hearing protection becomes mandatory

Noise control

 Machinery maintenance
 Machinery insulation.
 Noise wall barrier
 PPE
 Quite rooms for rest away from noise

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Vibration
Vibration often originates from the same source as noise. There are two types of vibration.
 Whole body vibration
 Segmental vibration

 Whole body vibration such as that from sitting on a tractor leads to an increased oxygen
consumption, increased respiratory rate, increase cardiac output.
 Segmental vibration usually results from the use of certain hand tools. These can cause constriction
of blood vessels leading to white finger. It can also lead to degeneration of nerves causing paralysis
and decrease sensitivity to touch and temperature as well as deformation of the bones of the wrist.

Temperature extremes

Extreme cold can cause tissue damage from hypothermia and frostbite with little discomfort or warning.
Extended exposure to low temperature may cause death.

Control in cold environments

 Proper clothing
 Good physical condition

High temperature is also problematic. Heat stress strains the cardiovascular system, causes cramps, heat
stroke and even death.

Control in hot environments

 Ventilation
 Isolation of heat producing equipment
 Better use of proper tools
 Good physical condition
 Work rest period
 Clothing should be loose enough to permit air and blood circulation.

Illumination
Poor illumination can lead to both tiredness and mistake. Many workplaces have inadequate
illumination or poorly maintained illumination.
 Dirty light covers
 No emergency lights
 Dirty windows

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Gas Testing Process

Gas Testing Equipment

 Multi Gas Tester is capable of measuring a number of gases

simultaneously. The gases tested and displayed can include
Flammable, Oxygen, Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen Sulphide,
Sulphur Dioxide is optional. The results are displayed
continuously.

 The Multigas detectors are provided with a sample pump allowing

for deep penetration testing of confined spaces from a safe Manual Pump Gas
location. Multi Gas Tester Tester DRAGER
ACCURO
 VENTIS PRO 5 MONITOR WITH
WIRELESS , WITHOUT PUMP, VENTIS
PRO5, SENSORS - CO,H2S,LEL,O2,SO2.

Personnel Gas Alert Clip

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 Portable Area Gas Monitor is a direct reading instrument for

continuous atmospheric testing that can provide readings for up
to six gases simultaneously.

 The instrument is capable of monitoring for Flammable,

Oxygen, Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen Sulphide, Sulphur
Dioxide, Ammonia.

 A standalone unit, a fence line setup, audible and visual alarm is

provided making the monitors suitable of deployment in the
confined space or as perimeter guard for protection and
warning.
Portable Area Gas Monitor

 When monitoring atmospheres involving a descent into potentially

stratified layers, the atmospheric envelope must be tested every 4 feet
(1.2 meters).

 Any purging and venting must be stopped for at least 10 minutes prior
to conducting the gas test, with the exception of maintaining a slight
positive pressure if required.
 The Permit Issuer may increase the stoppage time if necessary for
larger vessels or equipment

 Do not place gas detectors for measuring flammable gases directly into
the steam vapors while steaming out.

 Even if gas tests show an atmosphere inside process equipment to be

relatively free of flammables (0% LEL), there may still be flammable
residues or deposits, which could generate flammable vapors that can
be ignited by hot work. It is important to check for these and ensure
adequate cleaning

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1 Hour Rule
 If more than an hour passes from the initial gas test and the work is not started the gas
test shall be conducted again prior starting of the job.

 Work stoppage for any reason for more than one hour requires that revalidation by permit
issuer and permit receiver shall be done

Purpose of Gas Testing

 Verify presence of safe work atmosphere.

 To provide early warning of an exposure to dangerous gas concentrations.

 To make sure there is sufficient Oxygen in the air to support the life.

 To make sure there are no Combustible , Explosive or Toxic gases , and so

minimize the possibility of an incident happening.

 To meet the requirements of PTW system.

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Isolation of The Equipment Under Maintenance.

Poor or missing isolation has been the cause of many serious accidents. Do not rely on valves
except for quick jobs; use blinds or disconnection and blanking unless the job is so quick that
blinding (or disconnection) would take as long and be as hazardous as the main job. Valves used for
isolation (including isolation while fitting blinds or disconnecting) should be locked shut (for
example, by a padlock and chain). Blinds should be made to the same standard (pressure rating and
material of construction) as the plant. Plants should be designed so that blinds can be inserted without
difficulty; that is, there should be sufficient flexibility in the pipe work or a slip ring or figure-eight
plate should be used.

Electricity should be isolated by locking off or removal of fuses. Do not leave them lying around for
anyone to replace. Always try out electrical equipment after defusing to check that the correct fuses
have been withdrawn.

Identification of the equipment.

Many accidents have occurred because maintenance workers opened up the wrong equipment.
Equipment which is under repair should be numbered or labeled unambiguously. Temporary labels
should be used if there are no permanent ones. Pointing out the correct equipment is not sufficient. “The
pump you repaired last week is leaking again” is a recipe for an accident.

• Freeing from hazardous materials.

Equipment which is to be repaired should be freed as far as possible from hazardous materials. Gases
can be removed by sweeping out with nitrogen (if the gases are flammable) or air, water-soluble liquids
by washing with water, and oils by steaming. Some materials, such as heavy oils and materials that
polymerize are very difficult or impossible to remove completely. Tests should be carried out to make
sure that the concentration of any hazardous material remaining is below an agreed level. Machinery
should be in the lowest energy state. Thus the forks of forklift trucks should be lowered and springs
should not be compressed or extended. For some machinery, the lowest energy state is less obvious. Do
not work under heavy suspended loads.

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SAFETY RISKS/HAZARDS DURING SHUTDOWN AND PRECAUTIONS

The following hazards are normally encountered during any major turnaround/shut down of a large refinery /
petrochemical plants:

a) Physical Hazards

 Fall from height

 Slips and trips
 Falling of tools and objects from height
 Use of defective tools
 Bursting of Pressurized hoses
 Flying particles due to grinding and cutting
 Contact with hot surfaces
 Sharp edges

a) Chemical hazards

 Fire
 Burn injuries
 Toxic gas release. Such as hydrogen sulfide
 Spill
 Leak
 Explosion

a) Confined Space hazards

 Asphyxiation
 Deficiency of oxygen
 Hot Surface
 Accidental discharge of steam, high pressure air
 Failures to wear appropriate respiratory protection.
 Inadequate working space
 Inadequate ventilation

a) Electrical Hazards

 Burn injury
 Electrical shock
 Fires from electrical short circuit.
a) Special Hazards

 Improper method of handling the material

 Incompatibility due to improper identification
 Radiation hazards from radiography
 Inhalation of toxic gas
 Damage to eyes due to IR/VR radiation

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Specific Hazards and Precautions

• Confined Space /Vessel Entry

Hazards / Consequences Precautions to be Taken
 Fires  Ensure positive isolation
 Explosions  Ensure that the vessel is cooled down
 Oxygen deficiency or  Ensure that the vessel is depressurized and free from toxic gasses/
enrichment substances
 Toxic gases  Ensure proper P&ID are attached with permit with identification.
 Asphyxiation  Ensure only 24 volt hand lamp.
 Ensure Do not Operate tags are put on closed valves.
 Check for LEL and oxygen content
 Ensure proper access and egress is there.
 Escape route should be clear.
 Ensure portable electrical tools are connected to ECLB.
 Ensure In/Out record is maintained by Stand by person.
Stand by person should be aware of the emergency actions to be taken.

De-Choking Of Vents / Drains

Hazards / Consequences Precautions to be Taken

 Spill  Keep the drain/vent closed while attempting to de-choke.
 Fire  Wear appropriate PPE.
 Burns  Do not poke the rod in to drain/vent when in service.
 Toxic gas release  Isolate and de-pressurize the line work.
 Ensure safe disposal of hydrocarbons coming out of drain during de-
choking.
 Keep fire fighting equipment's ready.
 Cool the line content before attempting to de-choke.
 Use a BA set if the line content may contain small quantity of H2S or
any toxic gases. Protect the persons working in the surroundings.
 Do not keep the drains open when unattended. The choke may release
any time with out notice.

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Blinding / De-Blinding
Hazards / Consequences Precautions to be Taken
 Exposure to hydrocarbons vapors  Purge it with steam or nitrogen before opening the equipment if flammable / toxic gas is
while opening the flange. suspected.
 Fire  Use SCBA (Self-Containing Breathing Apparatus) while opening the flange in case any
 Spillage of hydrocarbons after toxic or inert gas is suspected.
placing blind or spacer.  Keep the fire water hose ready while opening any toxic gas service especially for H2S gas to
 Injury to the personnel while absorb it.
spreading flanges and while opening  Poke the drain point using L-shaped brass rod and ensure that it reaches inside the pipeline
the corroded fasteners using before opening the flange.
slugging wrench. Gas cutting.  Follow Safe Work Permit Procedure HSE-S 201.Details of the precautions shall be clearly
mentioned in work permit under special precautions column.
 Appraise the possible hazards to workmen before starting the job as well as in Tool box talk.
 Use appropriate PPE as per the requirement.
 Pyrophoric material to be removed by putting steam or super heated steam before opening
the equipment.
 Pour water on the pyrophoric material if any after opening the equipment.
 Use hydraulic torque wrench / nut splitter to loosen the flange fasteners instead of
hammering / gas cutting.
 Keep a drum to collect the hydrocarbons while de-choking and transfer it to OWS system.
 Ensure that blind provided in the process line is suitable for the fluid and test pressure.
 Ensure the faces of flange and blind / spacer is matching with each other without any gap.
 Closely supervise the draining activity.
 Ensure that drain point is closed fully after carrying out draining operation.
 Use hydraulic torque wrench / nut splitter to loosen the flange fasteners.
 Take care to install pipe spreaders snugly to avoid hit and slips injuries.

Use of Portable Power Tools

Hazard /Consequences Precautions to be Taken

 Electrocution  Use grounded type / double insulated type tools.
 Fire / Explosion  Provide ELCB in the power source for grounded type power
 Injury to personnel in tools.
contact with rotating  Check the continuity of earthing from power source to
parts. equipment.
 Check the condition of cables for proper joints / insulation.
 Provide plug top of proper rating without exposing wires
between them.
 Avoid cables falling in a pool of water or on wet surface.
 Avoid contact of cable with hot surface.
 Use properly maintained tools only.
 Provide guard to cover rotating parts of the tool / equipment.
 Carry out safety inspection for all portable power tools once
in 6 months by CES Dept as per Electrical Safety Procedure
HSE – S 220. Also carry out visual inspection once in 3
months.

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Insulation

Hazard /Consequences Precautions to be Taken

 Fall of personnel  Securing of personnel
 Fall of insulation  Provide safe work platform/Scaffolds
materials / tools from  Use personal fall protection equipment
working platform  Use heat protection gloves
 Burn injuries due to  Use leather gloves
hot surface.  Use Eye protection
 Cuts and abrasion  Use respiratory protection equipment (Dust mask)
injuries due to sharp  Use hand gloves and body protection equipment.
edges.  Adhere to standard waste disposable procedures
 Chronic health  Ensure good house keeping
problems
 Eye irritation
 Skin irritation

Material Handling
Hazard/Consequences Precautions to be taken
 Strains Manual handling
 Sprains  Correct positioning of feet
 Fractures  Knees to be bent.
 Bruises  Back to be kept straight
 Breaking of sling, chains,  Arms close to the body.
or ropes.  Correct grip.
 Falling of lifted loads  Head in correct position
 Use of body weight.
Mechanical Means
 All lifting machines, chains, ropes, hoists and lifts to be thoroughly
examined by competent person. Hoist and lifts are to examined
every six months and other lifting machines are to inspected once in
a year.
 Safe working load to be marked on all lifting machines and tackles
and it should not be exceeded except for the purpose of testing.
 All lifting machines, chains, ropes and lifting tackles except fibre
rope or fibre sling, which have been lengthened, altered or repaired
by welding or otherwise, shall not be used again, unless it is
adequately tested and examined by competent person and certified
in writing by him to be in order.
 Follow safe material handling procedure HSE-S-228

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Usage of Stairs / Ladders

Hazard /Consequences Precautions to be Taken

 Fall of persons while  Ensure the removal of foreign materials from the staircase / fixed ladders
ascending / descending landing platforms.
ladders / stairs.  Use Handrails in Staircase while ascending / descending.
 Fall of persons through  Don’t carry materials while ascending / descending.
openings ( Landing  Keep eyes on the rungs / steps while ascending / descending.
platform - Fixed Ladders  Ensure the openings of staircase are closed.
and Missing of steps -  Ensure proper closure of landing gate in fixed ladders landing platform.
Staircase. ).  Ensure the provision of handrails, mid rails and toe boards.
 Fall of materials from  Don’t lean on the handrails.
height.
 Trapping of legs between
the steps (treads).

Thank You

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