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VATTAMALAIPALAYAM, N.G.G.0. COLONY POST, CoIMBATORENBAJ -641 022.
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Internal Test - I
Date 03.03.2025
Semester VI Department EEE
Duration
Class/section IIIEEE A,B
2:00 Hours Maximum marks 50
Course Code
&Title:20EE216 & Project and Finance
Course Outcomes Addressed: Management
CO1: Comprehend project characteristics and various stages of a
CO2: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of project planningproject.
and implementation.
Q. No
Questions
PART - A (Answer AllQuestions) (10*1=10 Marks)
1. Which of the following is a key characteristic of a project?
a) It is repetitive in b) It is temporary c) It does not require d) It runs
nature
and has a unique planning
indefinitely
2
output
Feasibility study conducted at stage of a project.
a) execution b) monitoring & c) initiation d) closure
3
controlling
Which document outlines project objectives, stakeholders, and
constraints?
a) Risk register b) Project charter c) Business case d) Work breakdown
4
structure
In cost contról method, the Cost Variance (CV) is calculated as
a) CV = EV b) CV = EV - AC c) CV = EV - AC d)CV = EV - PV
5. The primary purpose of a project plan is to
a) outline the b) schedule tasks and c) serve as the d) monitor project costs
project's risk activities
guiding document
management for theproject
strategies
6. Atime-cost tradeoff in project management means
a) avoiding any b) lengthening project c) minimizing d) reducing project
project delays at duration to reduce resource use to save
all costs costs
duration by increasing
cOsts
7 Which technique helps in determining the most efficient order in whichresources
to complete
while considering their dependencies? project tasks
a) Critical Path b) Resource Leveling c) Monte Carlo d) Earned Value
Method (CPM) Simulation
Fillin the blanks
Management
8 tool is used to estimate the costs for project tasks based on
historical data and project
9
Scope. (Parametric estimating)
is the technique used to ensure that resources are allocated
without
overburdening them during a project. (Resource leveling)
10. In project management, the process of reducing the likelihood and impact of identified risks is
known as .(Risk mitigation)
 PART- B(Answer AllQuestions) (5*2 =10 Marks)
11. How doprojects differ from regular operations in terms of key characteristics?
(any four characteristics - 2 marks)
Projects have,
Welldefined objectives
Uniqueness (Non-routine activity)
Complexity (Demands team work)
Life cycle
Risk and uncertainty
Change (Inresponse to environment)
Non Recurring
Duration of activities uncertain
Completion deadline
Involves resources
Optimality
Multidisciplinary & Interdependencies
12. Differentiate between variable cost and fixed cost with examples.
(Each point Inark)
S.No Variable cost Fixed cost
1 Costs that change with production or Costs that remain constant regardless of
sales volume. production or sales volume.
Increases or decreases based on output Stays the same within a specific time
levels. period.
Examples: Raw materials, direct labor, Examples: Rent, salaries of permanent
sales commissions, shipping costs. staff, insurance, depreciation.
13. How would you apply the bottom-up cost estimation technique for a construction project?
(Reason-2 marks)
In bottom-up cost estimation for a construction project, you break down the project into smaller work
packages or tasks, estimate the cost for each task, and then sum them up to get the total project cost. This
method ensures accuracy by considering labor, materials, equipment, and overhead costs at a detailed
level. It is useful for budgeting and resource allocation, minimizing cost overruns.
14.
A company is installing transformers in a substation has an actual cost of Rs.2,00,000 with a
Planned Value (PV)of Rs.1,50,000 and value of completed work (Earned value, EV) of Rs.1,20,000.
Calculate the Schedule Performance Index (SPI).
(calculation - 2 marks)
EV = Rs. 1,20,000 (Work completed so far)
PV = Rs.1,50,000 (Planned cost of scheduled work)
Schedule Performance Index
SPI=PV /EV
=150000/ 120000
-0.80
Since Schedule Performance Index (SPI) is less than 1, the project is behind the schedule.

15. Acompany is launching a new product in acompetitive market. What market-related risks should
be considered and how can they be mitigated?
(Reason -2 marks)
Market-related risks include high competition, changing consumer preferences, pricing pressures, and
market saturation. To mitigate these risks, the company can conduct thorough market esearch,analyze
competitor strategies, develop astrong value proposition, and implement flexible pricing models.
 PART -C (3*10 = 30 Marks)
16. Compulsory Question:
Aproject with normal duration and cost along with erash duration and cost for each activity is
given below:
Activity Normal time Normal cost Crash time Crash cost
(in weelks) (in Rs) (in weeks) (in Rs)
1-2 600 750
2-3 400 4 450
2-5 6 1200 1650
2-4 7 1000 4 1360
3-5 10 500 8 550
5-6 5 800 4 910
4-6 4 1500 3 1660

If the indirect cost per week is Rs.200, analyze the eritical path and find the optimal crashed
project completion time.
(Each step -2 marks,Optimal completion time -2marks)

Coash
Coash Coash
Normal Aloroal COst slope
Actirity Cas t (RS)
imit
tine Cuoeexs) Cweaks)
CRS)
Cuweake)

|- 2 600 50

2-3 5 400 450 50

|200 l650
2-4
I360 |20
3-5 S50 2 25

4
4-6 3
|500 l660 160

Coash iroit - Normal ine - Coach time

Crash cost Nomal cost

slope
Nomal trne - Coash tie

Total Cost
lormal cost
Coisect) RS.
) ittcal path

5
6 6)

6+5+ 10+ 5 26 weeks

CP T I-2 8-5 - 6

| - 2 - 5 -6
6+6+5
I-2 - 4-6
CP
it is the
citcal path
CP I is selected
weekS,
26
duratior
highest
So, Normal poqject duration
Cost Direct Cost + Indiect cast
Total
I00 X 26 weeks
RS 6ooo (RS.
Total RS. &6oo
COst

the
netuork to sedue +he
Crachin9
duattor,
Cost and

of acttrirty crashing
(4) Selecton
Actrity Coash slope
Crtical limit
path
2.
| - 2 -3-5 -b
2- 3 50

() o
5 -6 -
 the netuwok
Crashing

Dur atton Tota) Cost CRS)

CoiHcal path
Coeeks)

(OI-2 - 3 - 5 -6 6o00 + ClooX26)

= RS. 8600

8600 - lo0 + Q5
|- 2- 3- 6 -6
= 86D5

8625
= 84 50

3 84 50 -|00 + 50
I-2-3 - -6
=840

S400
=835

1-2-3- 5 - 6 2|

=8350

l- 2 3 - 5 -6
=836o

Coitical path | - 9 - 3 -5 ~6

oeeks
opttnum pooect Conpleto 2)
tine
RS. 8350
optmal cost
 Any Two Questions
17. Acompany is developing a smart grid system to optimize energy distribution and reduce power
losses. Explain how ench stage of project management would be applied in this project.
(Each stage- 2marks)
Stages in project management are :
1. Project Initiation
2. Project Planning
3. Project Execution
4. Project Monitoring
5. Project Closure
1. Project Initiation
Itsall about giving the project a relatively broad definition andestablishing whether it is feasible or not.
Conduct a feasibility study to assess the technical, financial, and environmental viability of the
smart grid systen.
Identify key stakeholders, including government agencies, utility companies, regulatory bodies,
and con sumers.
Define project objectives, such as real-time monitoring, demand-response mechanisms, and grid
automation.
Secure funding through government grants, private investors, or utility companies
2. Project Planning
This phase typically begins with setting goals. Two of the more popular methods for setting goals are
S.M.A.R.T
C.L.E.A.R
S.M.A.R.T. Goals
V Specific To set specific goals, answer the following questions: who, what, where, when, which,
and why.
Measurable - Creàte criteria that one can use to measure the success of a goal.
Attainable - Identify the most important goals and what it will take to achieve them.
Realistic-One should be willing and able to work toward aparticular goal.
Timely -Create a timeframe to achieve the goal.
C.L.E.A.R. Goals
V Collaborative- The goal should encourage employees to work together.
Limited- They should be limited in scope and time to keep it manageable.
Emotional Goals should tap into the passion of employees and be something they can form an
emotional connection to. This can optimize the quality of wor.
Appreciable - Break larger goals into smaller tasks that can be quickly achieved.
Refinable - As new situations arise, be flexible and refine goals as needed
Develop a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) covering hardware (smart meters, sensors), software (Al
based analytics, cloud storage), and network infrastructure (loT integration). Create adetailed Gantt chart
to schedule tasks, including site selection, procurement, testing, and deployment. Perform risk assessment
for cybersecurity threats, power fluctuations, and grid failures. Budget estimation, including installation,
m¡intenance, and contingency costs.

3. Project Execution
This is the phase where deliverables are developed and completed. involves status reports and
meetings, development updates, and performance reports.
Tasks completed during the Execution Phase include:
Develop team
Assign resources
Execute project management plans
Procurement management if needed
PM directs and manages project execution
Set up traçking systems
Task assignments are executed
Status meetings
Update project schedule
Modify project plans as needed
Install smart meters, sensors, and automated substations in selected pilot locations. Develop and test
ver

software algorithms for energy demand prediction and automated load balancing. Integrate the system
with existing powcer grids while ensuring minimal disruption. Conduct initial pilot testing with selected
users before full-scale implementation.
4. Project Monitoring
Measuring project progression and performance and ensuring that everything happening aligns with
the project management plan. Project managers will use key performance indicators (KPIs) to
determine if the project is on track.
Project Objectives: Measuring if a project is on schedule and budget is an indication if the
project will meet stakeholder objectives.
Quality Deliverables: This determines if specific task deliverables are being met.
Effort and Cost Tracking: PMs will account for the effort and cost of resources to see if the
budget is on track.
Project Performance: This monitors changes in the project. It takes into consideration the
amount and types of issues that arise and how quickly they are addressed.
Use SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems to monitor grid performance. Track
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) such as power loss reduction, grid reliability, and energy efficiency.
Conduct real-time fault detection and predictive maintenance. Gather feedback from early adopters and
adjust the system as needed.
5. Project Closure
This phase represents the completed project.Contractors hired to work specificaly on the project
are terminated at this time.
Valuable team members are recognized.
Once a project is complete, a PM will often hold a meeting -to evaluate what went well in a
project and identify project failures. This is especially helpful to understand lessons learned so that
improvements can be made for future projects.
Conduct a final project review and document lessons learned. Provide training for utility staff and
engineers on system operation and maintenance. Ensure long-term sustainability by setting up a
dedicated monitoring and support team. Publish reports on project impact and energy savings for
stakeholders and policymakers.
18. a) A company is setting up asolar-powered Electric Vehicle (EV) charging station. Develop a Work
Breakdown Structure (WBS) under three main categories - infrastructure, human resources, and
public awareness. Using the following components, classify them into the appropriate categories:
solar panel installation, charging units, power storage system, electricalwiring, hiring technicians,
training sessions, safety protocols, advertisements, media coverage, surveys, competitor analysis,
public outreach programs, parking layout, billing system, market research findings, customer
reception area. (5)
(WBS 2 marks, schedule -3 marks)
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
The work breakdown structure is a A hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried
out by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables."
1. Infrastructure
Solar Energy System
Solar panel installation
Power storage system
Electrical wiring
Charging Infrastructure
Charging units
Parking layout
Billing system
Customer Facilities
Customer receptionarea
Safety protocols
 2. Human Resources
-Staffing
-Hiring technicians

Training & Developnent

-Training sessions
-Safety protocols (also linked to infrastructure)
3. Public Awareness
Market Research & Competitive Analysis
Market research findings
Competitor analysis
-Surveys
Advertising & Media
Advertisements
Media coverage
Public outreach programs

18. b) Acompany is setting up a solar microgrid system for a remote village. The project consists
of multiple tasks, including site assessment, solar panel installation, battery storage setup,
electrical wiring, testing, and final commissioning. The project is scheduled over three
months. Prepare a Gantt chart for the project using the timeline given below: (5)
Task Start Date End Date Duration
Site Assessment March 1, 2024 March 10, 10 days
2024
Procurement of Materials March 5, 2024 March 20, 16 days
2024
Solar Panel Installation March 15, 2024 April 5, 2024 22 days

Battery Storage Setup April 1, 2024 April 15, 15 days

2024
Electrical Wiring April 10, 2024 April 25, 16 days
2024
System Integration & April 20, 2024 May 5, 2024 16 days
Testing
FinalCommissioning & May 5, 2024 May 10, 2024 6 days
Handover

(Gantt chart - 5 marks)

Each horizontal bar represents a task in the project.

The length of the bars shows the duration of each task.
Overlapping tasks indicate parallel workstreams to optimize time.
The timeline on the x-axis helps in tracking progress over time.
 Gantt Chart for Solar Microgrid Installation Project

Final Commissioning & Handover

System Integration & Testing

Project
Tasks
Electrical Wiring

Battery Storage Setup

Solar Panel fnstallation

Procurement of Materials

Site Assessment

Ma
1 r8
Apr
7
May

Timefie

Examine the significance of post-project analysis and report preparation after project completion.
19) identifying lessons learned, and
Evaluate the key components involved in assessing project success,
recommending improvements for future projects.

(post project analysis 6 marks, report preparation-4marks)

and find lessons learnt on
Post Project Review (PPR) is the assessment of the completed project
what went well and what could be done better.
affecting the project.
This review is not a process or session to apportion blame for any issues
However it is intended to promote collaboration and agreement on what and why there were
advantages and disadvantages to doing things a certain way.
Toconduct the post project review ,
Measure how closely the project meets customer needs - Going the extra mile is not restricted
to only customer services, it's also a magic word for project management. A top most important
factor for a project success criterion is to exceed customer's expectations by completing the
project within the stated deadline, budget and quality.
Identify what worked well and what needs improvement - Here it needs to identify what went
exactly as it is was planned and what showed weakness during the action and from here you will
be able to set base of improvement to the next project.
Document patterns and trends - In assessing this it is advised to document all the agreements
and resolutions that have been reached before and during the implementation of the project so as
to create reference in future when reporting the project to donors/stake holder or evaluation of the
whole process.
Articulate methods for improvement - Here it involves suggestions of which methods/ways to
be put in place for future project improvements.
Formulateshare Lessons Learned and Best Practices from feedback - After assessing the
whole project is good to share with stakeholders the experience from the project practice so as to
improve the future projects of the same kind or transferring experience to other deferent projects.
Ensure material is archived for easy access by managers of future projects - This will help to
preserve remains for the future use of administration.
Who is involved in conducting such post project review?
/ Project Manager
/ Moderator/Facilitator
Meeting Participants: Project Team Members ,Project Sponsor, Project Stakeholders
Vendors
Contractors
Independent Reviewer
V QualityAssurance Representative Process Improvement team member Scribe
 Purpose of conducting PPR:
Conducting a post project review assesses the success of the project: This information used to
improve future projects and organizational processes.
Structuring the report:
Project title
Background
Attending [Financial Manager, Stake Holders,Contractors, Beneficiaries,Politicians]
What went well?
What could have been improved? (documentation of the resolutions, budgeting ( contingence and
miscellaneous), they should have done critical path matrix, also the planning of the project it
should be involved both parts]
Recommendations for the next phase

Course Instructors HOD

Dr. K. Balamurugan, AsP/EEE Dr.R. Krishnakumar, AP(SI.G)EEE Dr. S. Alirani
Mrs. N. Divya, AP(SI.GYEEE

Dr. S. ALLIRANI M.E.,

Ph.D.,
Professor &Head
Departmentof Electrical &Electronics Engineering
Sri Ramakrishna
Engincering
Coimbatore - 641 022 College