Name: Shrey Anandariya

Enrollment: SR21BSIT007
Div: B
Subject: Cloud Computing
1. Cloud Computing:

Definition:

Cloud Computing: It's a technology that enables the delivery of computing services like storage,
databases, servers, networking, software, and more over the internet ('the cloud').

Characteristics:

On-Demand Self-Service: Users can provision resources as needed without human intervention.

Broad Network Access: Services accessible over the network and diverse devices.

Resource Pooling: Computing resources are shared among multiple users.

Rapid Elasticity: Scalability to quickly expand or shrink resources.

Measured Service: Usage is monitored, controlled, and billed based on consumption.

Features:

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Offers virtualized computing resources over the internet.

Platform as a Service (PaaS): Provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage
applications without dealing with underlying infrastructure.

Software as a Service (SaaS): Delivers software applications over the internet, accessible via a web
browser.

2. Cluster vs. Grid vs. Cloud Computing:

Cluster Computing:

Definition: A cluster is a group of interconnected computers that work together closely, typically to
perform a single task.

Usage: Often used in high-performance computing for scientific simulations, data analysis, etc.

Grid Computing:

Definition: Grids are a network of computers that work on solving a problem collectively but more
loosely connected than clusters.

Usage: Suitable for complex computational tasks requiring resources from various locations.

Cloud Computing:

Definition: Cloud computing provides services over the internet, allowing users to access computing
resources on demand.

Usage: Offers scalable and flexible resources for various applications and services.
3. Virtualization:

Definition:

Virtualization: It's the process of creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of something like
hardware, storage, or network resources.

Pros:

Resource Utilization: Maximizes hardware use by running multiple virtual machines (VMs) on a single
physical server.

Flexibility and Scalability: Easily scale resources up or down based on demand.

Cost Savings: Reduces hardware costs, energy consumption, and maintenance.

Cons:

Performance Overhead: Virtualization can sometimes introduce performance bottlenecks.

Complexity: Managing a virtualized environment can be complex.

Security Risks: Vulnerabilities in the virtualization layer can pose security risks.

4. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA):

Explanation:

SOA: It's an architectural pattern where software components are designed to provide services to
other components through a communication protocol over a network.

Diagram:

Components:

Service Provider: Creates services and makes them available to service consumers.
Service Consumer: Accesses and utilizes services provided by service providers.

Service Registry: Directory that lists available services and their locations.

Service Broker: Manages communication between service providers and consumers.

5. Cloud Architecture:

Diagram:

Components:

Frontend/Client Devices: Devices used to access cloud services.

Internet: Medium through which users access cloud services.

Cloud Services: Compute, storage, databases, networking offered by cloud providers.

Virtualization Layer: Hypervisors or virtual machines managing resources.

Physical Servers: Hardware that hosts virtualized resources.

Storage Infrastructure: Hardware for storing data in the cloud.

Security Infrastructure: Measures to secure data and services.

Management Layer: Tools for managing and monitoring cloud resources.

Definition:

Hypervisor: It's a software that creates and runs virtual machines, allowing multiple operating
systems to share a single hardware host.

Importance:

Resource Optimization: Enables efficient use of hardware resources by creating multiple VMs.

Isolation: Ensures that each VM operates independently of others.

Flexibility: Allows different operating systems to run on the same physical hardware.

Scalability: Facilitates easy scaling of resources as per requirements.

7. Billing and Metering Services:

Billing:

Billing in Cloud Computing: Refers to the process of charging customers for the services they use.

Methods: Typically, cloud services are billed based on usage (hourly, monthly), resources allocated,
or a combination.

Example: AWS charges based on the number of hours an instance runs or the amount of data
transferred.

Metering:

Metering: Involves measuring and recording usage metrics for various cloud resources.

Purpose: Helps in accurate billing by tracking resource consumption.

Example: Tracking CPU usage, storage utilization, network traffic, etc.

8. Characteristics of Server Virtualization and Application Virtualization:

Server Virtualization:

Characteristics:

Isolation: Each virtual machine is independent of others, running its own OS.

Resource Sharing: Multiple VMs share physical server resources.

Flexibility: Easy migration of VMs between physical servers.

Consolidation: Enables running multiple applications on a single server.

Application Virtualization:

Characteristics:

Isolation: Applications run in their own virtual environments.

Centralized Management: Simplifies application deployment and updates.

Resource Optimization: Improves resource utilization by isolating applications.

9. Inter Cloud Resource Management:

Management Challenges:

Interoperability: Ensuring different cloud platforms can communicate and work together seamlessly.

Data Migration: Moving data between different cloud providers securely and efficiently.

Performance Optimization: Managing resources across multiple clouds for optimal performance.
Security and Compliance: Ensuring consistent security measures and compliance across different
clouds.

10. Different Cloud Deployment Models:

Public Cloud:

Services available to the general public over the internet.

Examples: AWS, Azure, Google Cloud.

Private Cloud:

Infrastructure and services maintained for a specific organization.

Examples: On-premises private clouds, dedicated hosted clouds.

Hybrid Cloud:

Combination of public and private clouds, allowing data and applications to be shared between
them.

Offers flexibility and scalability.

Community Cloud:

Infrastructure shared among several organizations with common concerns (e.g., security,
compliance).

Shared by a specific community of users.

11. Challenges and Risks of Cloud Computing:

Challenges:

Security Concerns: Data breaches, data loss, and compliance issues.

Compliance and Legal Issues: Meeting regulatory requirements across different regions.
Performance and Downtime: Ensuring consistent performance and minimizing downtime.

Vendor Lock-in: Dependence on a specific cloud provider's ecosystem.

Risks:

Data Security: Protecting sensitive data in a shared environment.

Data Loss: Risk of losing data due to various factors like hardware failure or cyber attacks.

Compliance Risks: Failing to comply with regulatory requirements.

Limited Control: Less control over the underlying infrastructure in public clouds.

12. Types of Cloud Provisioning:

Provisioning:

Manual Provisioning: Manual setup and configuration of cloud resources.

Automatic Provisioning: Automated deployment and scaling of resources based on demand.

Self-Service Provisioning: Users can provision resources without IT involvement.

Dynamic Provisioning: Resources are provisioned and deprovisioned based on workload fluctuations.