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Today’s Students’ Knowledge Pack
Date: 25.10.2021
Today’s Highlights: CCI, Cultural Mapping, Dark Energy,
One-time Programmable Memory
Thought for the Day
”Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will
take you everywhere.”
Today in History
➢ 1924: The British arrested Subhash Chandra Bose and sent him to jail for two
years.
➢ 1951: First post-independence elections began In India.
➢ 1994: A. M. Ahmadi became the 26th Chief Justice of India.
➢ 1999: South African author J. M. Coetzee received the prestigious Booker Prize
for Literature for the second time.
➢ 2000: Space Shuttle Discovery is one of the orbiters of NASA, returned to Earth
safely after a 13-day mission.
Birth Anniversaries:
➢ 1929: M. N. Venkatachaliah, the 25th Chief Justice of India.
➢ 1987: Umesh Yadav, an Indian Cricketer.
Death Anniversaries:
➢ 1647: Evangelista Torricelli, an Italian mathematician, and physicist. He invented
the barometer.
➢ 1980: Sahir Ludhianvi, an Indian poet, and lyricist.
Build a Better Vocabulary
1.DIM (ADJECTIVE) (अस्पष्ट): Indistinct
Synonyms: Ill-defined, Unclear
Antonyms: Distinct
Example Sentence: There was a dim figure in the dark kitchen.
2. CUTTING-EDGE (ADJECTIVE): (अत्यधिक उन्नत): Highly advanced
Synonyms: Innovative, Pioneering
Antonyms: outdated
Example Sentence: The firm introduced some cutting-edge technology.
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3. ANGST (NOUN): (उत्कं ठा): Anxiety
Synonyms: Fear, Dread
Antonyms: Calmness
Example Sentence: The middle classes go through existential angst.
4. ACCREDIT (VERB): (मान्य करना): Recognize
Synonyms: License, Authorize
Antonyms: Ban
Example Sentence: Institutions that do not meet the standards will not be
accredited for teacher training.
5. SURREAL (ADJECTIVE): (अवास्तधवक): Unreal
Synonyms: Bizarre, Unusual
Antonyms: Real
Example Sentence: He studied the surreal imagery of the situation
Current Affairs
1-Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Kushinagar International Airport.
प्रिानमं त्री नरें द्र मोदी ने कु शीनगर अं तरराष्टरीय हवाई अड्डे का उद् घाटन धकया।
2-Union Minister of Ports, Shipping and Waterways and AYUSH Sarbananda Sonowal
inaugurated Ayush Van, a dedicated forest for Ayurvedic plants in a program held at
the Deendayal Port Trust (DPT)– Rotary Forest in the city.
के न्द्द्रीय बं दरगाह, जहाजरानी और जलमागग तथा आयु ष मं त्री सबाग नं द सोनोवाल ने शहर में दीनदयाल
पोटग टर स्ट (डीपीटी)- रोटरी जं गल में आयोधजत एक कायग क्रम में आयु वे धदक पौिों को समधपग त आयु ष
वन का उद् घाटन धकया।
3-Union Minister of Commerce & Industry, Consumer Affairs & Food & Public
Distribution and Textiles, Piyush Goyal inaugurated 250mm Seer Water supply
scheme in Kashmir.
कें द्रीय वाधिज्य और उद्योग, उपभोक्ता कायग और खाद्य तथा सावग जधनक धवतरि और वस्त्र मं त्री, पीयू ष
गोयल ने जम्मू -कश्मीर के पहलगाम में 250 धमलीमीटर सीर जल आपू धतग योजना का उद् घाटन धकया।
4-Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh launched Air Quality Early Warning System to
coincide with Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsava.
कें द्रीय मं त्री डॉ. धजतें द्र धसं ह ने आजादी का अमृ त महोत्सव के अवसर पर एअर क्वाधलटी वाधनिं ग धसस्टम
का शु भारं भ धकया।
5-Union Minister for Ports, Shipping & Waterways and AYUSH Shri Sarbananda
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Sonowal laid the Foundation Stone for various capacity augmentation projects at
Deendayal Port (DPT) at Kandla.
के न्द्रीय पत्तन, पोत पररवहन और जलमागग व आयु ष मं त्री सबाग नं द सोनोवाल ने कां डला में दीनदयाल
पोटग (डीपीटी) में धवधभन्न क्षमता वृ द्धि पररयोजनाओं की आिारधशला रखी।
6-Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh said that Northeast will be developed as India’s
Bio-Economic Hub.
के न्द्द्रीय मं त्री डॉ. धजते न्द्द्र धसं ह ने कहा धक पू वोत््तर क्षे त्र भारत के जै व आधथग क के न्द्द्र के रूप में धवकधसत
होगा।
7-North Korea confirmed that it tested a newly developed missile designed to be
launched from a submarine, the first such weapons test in two years.
उत््तर कोररया ने पु धष्ट की है धक उसने पनडु ब््बी से छोडे जाने वाले नये धवकधसत प्रक्षे पास्त्त्र का परीक्षि
धकया है , दो वषों में इस तरह के प्रक्षे पास्त्त्र का यह पहला परीक्षि है ।
8-To mark her 74th birthday, Lucknow Mayor Sanyukta Bhatia launched 'Mayor
Anusuiya Kitchen' which will provide food to the poor, labourers and attendants of
patients in hospitals at Rs 10 per plate.
अपने 74वें जन्मधदन पर लखनऊ की मे यर सं यु क्ता भाधटया ने 'मे यर अनु सू इया धकचन' का शु भारं भ
धकया, जो अस्पतालों में गरीबों मरीजों , मजदू रों और पररचारकों को 10 रुपये प्रधत प्ले ट पर भोजन
उपलब्ध कराएगी।
9-Procter & Gamble (P&G) India has announced a Rs 500 crore 'P&G Rural Growth
Fund' to accelerate inclusive growth in the Indian rural market.
प्रॉक्टर एं ड गैं बल (पीएं डजी) इं धडया ने भारतीय ग्रामीि बाजार में समावे शी धवकास में ते जी लाने के
धलए 500 करोड रुपये के 'पी एं ड जी रूरल ग्रोथ फं ड' की घोषिा की है ।
10-Former India cricketers Harbhajan Singh and Javagal Srinath are among 18
players who were given honorary life membership by the Marylebone Cricket Club.
भारत के पू वग धक्रके टर हरभजन धसं ह और जवागल श्रीनाथ उन 18 द्धखलाधडयों में शाधमल हैं , धजन्हें
मै रीले बोन धक्रके ट क्लब ने आजीवन सदस्यता दी।
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Knowledge Update
Competition Commission of India (CCI)
• The CCI is the chief national competition regulator in India.
• It is a statutory body within the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.
• It is responsible for enforcing The Competition Act, 2002 in order to promote
competition and prevent activities that have an appreciable adverse effect on
competition in India.
National Mission on Cultural Mapping
• The NMCM is a mission mode project of the Ministry of Culture. It was incepted in
2015.
• It is aimed to address the necessity of preserving the threads of rich Indian Art and
Cultural Heritage, convert vast and widespread cultural canvas of India into an
objective Cultural Mapping while creating a strong “Cultural Vibrancy” throughout the
nation.
• It will identify, collect and record cultural assets and resources. It correlates this to
planning and strategizing.
• A portal and a database listing organisations, spaces, facilities, festivals and events will
be created.
• This database can be used to preserve culture and provide or ameliorate livelihoods.
Objectives of the Mission
Under this Mission, at broad-level, there are three important objectives as follows:
1. National Cultural Awareness Abhiyan: Hamari Sanskriti Hamari Pahchan Abhiyan (Our
Culture Our Identity)
2. Nationwide Artist Talent Hunt/Scouting Programme: Sanskritik Pratibha Khoj Abhiyan
3. National Cultural Workplace: Centralised Transactional Web Portal with database and
demography of cultural assets and resources including all art forms and artists.
Significance of the mission
• Revival and safeguarding of oral traditions
• Fostering Cultural Awareness
• Cultural Preservation
• Sustainable Employment to creative industries
• Optimal Resource Allocation and Utilization:
• Creation of objective Database for inclusive growth of cultural heritage
Dark Energy
• Dark energy is an unknown form of energy that affects the universe on the largest
scales.
• The first observational evidence for its existence came from measurements of
supernovae, which showed that the universe does not expand at a constant rate;
rather, the expansion of the universe is accelerating.
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• Prior to these observations, it was thought that all forms of matter and energy in the
universe would only cause the expansion to slow down over time.
• Measurements of the cosmic microwave background suggest the universe began in a
hot Big Bang, from which general relativity explains its evolution and the subsequent
large-scale motion.
• Without introducing a new form of energy, there was no way to explain how an
accelerating universe could be measured.
Does it exist?
• Since the 1990s, dark energy has been the most accepted premise to account for the
accelerated expansion.
• As of 2021, there are active areas of cosmology research aimed at understanding the
fundamental nature of dark energy.
Dark energy Vs Dark matter
• Everything we see – the planets,
moons, massive galaxies, you, me,
this website – makes up less than 5%
of the universe.
• About 27% is dark matter and 68% is
dark energy.
• While dark matter attracts and holds
galaxies together, dark energy repels
and causes the expansion of our
universe.
One-time Programmable Memory
• Hard disks, flash memory, etc, are examples of memory technology.
• There is also another form of memory called the one-time programmable memory
(OTP) where the memory is written once, stored for a lifetime, and retrieved and used
many times.
• This finds varied uses, one of which is in correcting faulty chips that have been mass
produced for specific applications.
Its utility
• For instance, think of a chip that helps read off the temperature.
• Due to a manufacturing defect, the chip may read 100 degree Celsius as 101 degree
Celsius.
• This “offset” of 1 degree may be corrected by storing the error correction parameter
in the OTP memory.
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• This is done uniquely for each chip and once stored, the memory corrects the chip’s
output for its lifetime.
• OTP memories are also used for other purposes, mainly three: chip identity, secure
information storage and chip calibration for error correction.
How does it work?
• To store the correction value, the researchers used eight memory cells, each of which
would store one “bit” (that is a value of zero or one).
• Each of the memory cells consist of an ultrathin silicon dioxide layer which is 10-15
atomic layers thick.
• This is deposited uniformly over a dinner plate–sized eight-inch silicon wafer to form
millions of nanoscale capacitors.
• The pristine silicon dioxide layer is insulating, passing a very low current [which in
digital electronics is read as a “0”].
• A nanoscale lightning is generated of 3.3 volts to blow the capacitor, leading to a short
circuit that produced high current [this is a “1”].
• Thus, the OTP memory remembers either the “0” state or “1” state through its lifetime.
Benefits offered
• The group has successfully demonstrated CMOS 180-nanometre–based, production-
ready, eight-bit memory technology.
• These include successful operation between minus 40 degrees C to 125 degrees C and
reliability to ensure excess of 95% yield on eight-bit memories.
Significance
• A large fraction of manufactured chips may need to be discarded for faults that can be
corrected using this technology.
• This technology is the first indigenous semiconductor memory technology adoption to
manufacturing at 180-nanometre node.
• Thus, this is a major national milestone for semiconductor innovation.
Fact Check
I strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't
look right, please mail me: updatesyourknowledge@gmail.com
(Data Collection, Compilation, and Dissemination by: KAUSIK CHAKRABORTY)
(Open-Sources Information not for Commercial Use)
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