DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL DHORI,CCL

(Central Colony,Phusro Bazar, Bokaro,JH-829144)

SESSION: 2024-2025

T WORK OF B
EC IOL
OJ OG
R Y
TOPIC:
P

DRUG ADDICTION

STUDENT’S DETAILS:

• Name: CHAHAT KUMARI

• Class/sec: XII ‘C’
• Board Roll no. :
• Class Roll no. : 09

GUIDED BY: MR. GOBIND PRASAD SIR

DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL DHORI, CCL
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
Certificate

This is to certify that this “Biology

Investigatory Project” on the topic “DRUG
ADDICTION” has been successfully
completed by CHAHAT KUMARI of class XII
‘C’ , Board roll no.-……………………………..
Under the Guidance of “MR. Gobind Prasad
sir” in particular fulfilment of the
curriculum of the Central Board of
Secondary Education (CBSE) leading to the
award of the annual examination of the year
2024-25.

Teacher-In-Charge External examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It has taken effort in this project,

however. It would not have been
possible without the kind support and
help of many individuals of the
organisation. I would like to extend my
sincere thanks to all of them.

I am highly indebted to our PRINCIPAL

SIR for providing me opportunity is well
equipped lab in the SCHOOL and MR.
GOBIND PRASAD (HOD) Biology for
guidance and constant supervision as
well as providing necessary information
regarding the project and for their
support in completing the project.
 INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION

2. WHAT IS ADDICTION?

3. TYPES OF DRUG ABUSE

4. CAUSES OF ADDICTION

5. EFFECTS OF ADDICTION

6. DIAGONISIS OF ADDICTION

7. THE PROFILE OF FIVE PATIENTS

8. TREATMENT OF ADDICTION

9. SCENARIO OF ADDICTION

10. CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
Addiction is one of the biggest disease of the
world. More than millions of the individual
are struggling against addiction. It takes
away the happiness of the people by avoiding
them to get what they want and many of the
people were also not able to take correct
decision.
According to the recent studies it has been
found that adolescent are more vulnerable to
addiction. Addiction isthat type of diseases
whose rehabilitation is very difficult. As we
kno orevention is better than cure so we can
prevent our self from getting addicted by not
living under peer pressure.
WHAT IS DRUG ADDICTION?
Addiction is the habitual, physiological,
psychological dependence on a substance or
practice which is beyond voluntary control. A
person who is habituated to a substance or a
practice, especially a harmful one, is called
addict. Addicton is a chronic, progressive and
sometimes fatal disorder with both genetic and
environmental roots. It manifests as a
compulsion that derives an invidual to continue
to behave in a way that is harmful to self and
loved ones, despite and intense desire to halt
that behaviour. It is a disease of “more”- an
active addict needs an increasing amount of
substance to get high and is unable to cease
usage without painful withdrawal.

This is true whether the addictive substance is a

drug or tobacco or alcohol or a behaviour.
Medically addiction is of three types:Tobacco
Addiction, Alcohol Addiction, Drug Addiction.
TYPES OF DRUG ABUSE

Heroin Hallucinogens

Cocaine Cannabinoid

Crack Alcohol
❖HEROIN
• As a destructive opiod, heroin can lead to
seizures, psychosis, and hallucinations when
it is abused.
• Heroin injections can also spread diseases
such as human immunodeficiency virus and
hepatitis.
• This drug is known to cause serious health
issues when it is abused because it interfers
with brain’s receptors.
• Once heroin enters the brain, It is converted
to morphine and binds rapidly to opiod
receptors.
• With heroin, the rush is usually
accompanied by a warm flushing of the skin,
dry mouth, and a heavy feeling in the
extremities.
• Opiods can depress breathing by changing
neurochemical activity in the brain stem,
where automatic body fumctions such as
breathing and heart rate are controlled.
❖COCAINE
• Cocaine is a very dangerous stimulant even
when taken in small amounts. It induces
euphoria, increases blood pressure, and
accelerates the heart rate.
• The drug may lead to fatal strokes or heart
attacks for some users.
• Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong
stimulant most frequently used as a
recreational drug.
• Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong
stimulant most frequently used as a
recreational drug.
• Cocaine has a small number of accepted
medical usessuch as numbing
and decreasing bleeding during nasal
surgery.
• It is commonly snorted, inhaled as smoke,
or dissolved and injected into a vein.
❖CRACK
• A potent form of cocaine, crack is often
smoked and suddenly creates an
intense euphoric sensation for a short
while.
• Crack has turned into a problem
because it is cheap and easy to buy and
use. Abusing the substance,however,
can lead to immediate addiction.
• A busers are also at risk of suffering
A

heart attacks. Long-term use and

strokes with every can cause
liver,kidney, and lung use damage.
• The short-term physiological effects of
cocaine include constricted blood
vessels, dilated pupils, and increased
temperature, heart rate, and blood
pressure.
❖HALLUCINOGENS
• Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that cause
profound distortionsin a person's perceptions
of reality, otherwise known as hallucinations.

• PCP (phencyclidine) and LSD (lysergic acid

diethylamide) are hallucinogens, which
means that they make users feel, see, and
hear things that are not real.

• While they experience hallucinations with

these drugs,users lose touch with reality and
enter mental states of disconnection.

• Atropa belladona and datura also contain

hallucinogenic properties.
❖CANNABINOIDS
• Cannabinoids is the most common
illegal drug that is abused, and many
people begin using it as arecreational
drug in social situations.
• Continued abuse of marijuana can lead
to addiction,and the substance can affect
the physical coordination, memory, and
mental functions of users over time.
• In humans, psychoactive cannabinoids
produce euphoria, enhancement of
sensory perception, tachycardia,
antinociception, difficulties
in concentration and impairment of
memory. The cognitive deficiencies seem
topersist after withdrawal.
• Although there are studies that show
potential benefits from Cannabinoids,
there are many side effects from taking
the drug. This shows that an addiction
to this natural drug can be hazardous.
❖ALCOHOL
• Abusing alcohol can cause psychological,
physical, and social problems, and it can
lead to the destruction of relationships,
friendships, and marriages.
• Furthermore, alcohol abuse can lead to
injury or death to the people around them
while they are under the influence.
• Alcohol withdrawal can be fatal because
of deliriumtremens, which is a symptom
with the potential to trigger heart failure
or stroke. Refraining from drinking also
is not easy when it becomes a habit
because of mental and physical issues.
• The liver is an organ which helps break
down and remove harmful substances
from your body, including alcohol. Long-
term alcohol use interferes with this
process. It also increases your risk for
chronic liver inflammation and
liver disease.
 CAUSES OF ADDICTION
Drug use is often voluntary in the first
instance. The development of a full addiction
occurs through a variety of circumstances.

However, the brain changes during a

substance-related disorder in ways that can
take a long time to bring back to a healthy
state.

A person whose brain's reward circuitry has

not altered as a result of addiction experiences
positive feelings in relation to generally
rewarding behaviors, such as exercising, being
with family, or consuming delicious food. These
should all make a person feel good

Some of the causes of addiction are :-

1.Peer pressure

2.Stress and depression

3.Lack of education

4.Religious rituals
 EFFECT OF ADDICTION
• Fatigue- the patient is tired most of the time.
• Memory loss -especially the patient's short-
term memory.
• Eye muscles - the eye muscles can become
significantly weaker.
• Liver diseases - the patient has a
considerably higher chance of developing
hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis of the liver
is an irreversible and progressive condition
• Heart problems - regular heaving
drinking can lead to cardiomyopathy
(damaged heart muscle), heart failure, and
stroke.
• Menstruation- alcoholism will usually stop
menstruation or disrupt it.
• Cancer- alcoholics have a much higher risk of
developing several cancers, including cancer
of the mouth, oesophagus, liver, colon,
rectum, breast, prostate and pharynx.
• Suicide- suicide rates among people who
are alcohol-dependent or who abuse alcohol
are much higher than among other people.
 EFFECTS ON LUNGS:

Drug use can lead to a variety of

respiratory problems. Smoking cigarettes,
for example, has been shown to cause
bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer.
Marijuana smoke can also
cause respiratory problems, including
chronic bronchitis. Smoking crack cocaine
can also cause lung damage and severe
respiratory problems. The use of some
drugs, such as opioids, may cause breathing
to slow, block air from entering the lungs,
or make asthma symptoms worse.
 EFFECTS ON BRAIN:
Drugs interfere with the way neurons send,
receive, and process signals via
neurotransmitters. Some drugs, such as
marijuana and heroin, can activate neurons
because their chemical structure mimics that
of a natural neurotransmitter in the body.
This allows the drugs to attach onto and
activate the neurons. Although these drugs
mimic the brain's own chemicals, they don't
activate neurons in the same way as a natural
neurotransmitter, and they lead to abnormal
messages being sent through the network.

Other drugs, such as amphetamine or cocaine,

can cause the neurons to release abnormally
large amounts of natural neurotransmitters or
prevent the normal recycling of these brain
chemicals by interfering with transporters.
PREVENTION & CONTROL
“Prevention is better than cure” is also true
here. Tobacco, drug/alcohol abuse are more
during
young age and adolescence. The remedial
measure should be taken in time.
The following measures would be
particularly useful for prevention and
control of alcohol and addiction during
adolescents.

1.Avoid undue Peer pressure.

2.Education and counselling.

3.Seeking help from parents and peers.

4.Looking for Danger Signs.

5.Seeking Professional and Medical helps.

DIAGNOSIS OF ADDICTION
Blood test or imaging scan can determine
whether somebody is addicted to drug or
alcohol or smoking, and to what degree.
Blood test -this may be ordered to determine
whether the substance is still in the blood
(whether the substance has been taken
recently). It is not used to diagnose addiction.
A GP (general practitioner, primary care
physician) can help the patient determine
their degree of dependence by asking
pertinent questions, or using a specific
questionnaire.

Although there's no cure for drug addiction,

treatment options explained below can help
you overcome an addiction and stay drug-
free. Your treatment depends on the drug
used and any related medical or mental
health disorders you may have. Long-term
follow-up is important to prevent relapse.
 CASE STUDIES OF 5
PATIENTS
M Case no: 1
6 Patient name: Sofia Akhtar
Age: 65 Type: T2DM
Gender: Female Date of admission: 22/12/15

Comments: After I am started having T2DM, my

life has totally changed. I am the first person to
have diabetes in my family. At the onset of this
disease I felt very much weakness and hunger.

Case no: 2
Patient name: Mrs. Neha Das
Age: 40 Type: T1DM
Gender: Female Date of admission: 22/12/15

Comments: I am middle aged house wife and

I have lots of difficulties to tackle this disease due
to weakness. I cannot meet the common need of
my family, and some time I become
unconsciousness and my family gets worried.
Recently my husband spends lots of money for
this disease but I didn’t get any such good result.
Case no:3
Patient name: Karan Barman
Age: 54 Type: T2DM
Gender: Male Date of admission:06/01/16

Comments: I am poor worker who earn few just to

stay alive and to take care of family. I don’t have
much savings that I would go in a big hospital for
better cure or for medicine. Nowadays I also
cannot go to work site as I remain weak and my
hand and leg shakes if I try to do any hard work.
Due to this I cannot send my children to school.

Case no:4
Patient name: Miss Rupali Nath
Age: 33 Type: T2DM
Gender: Female Date of admission:15/01/16

Comments: I am both working women and house

wife I have no time to care of my health I always
remain busy taking care of my family and doing
stressful work at my office and due to this I had
gained my weight rapidly, presently my weight is
about 93 kg and my recent diagnosis says that I
am suffering from diabetes.
Case no: 5
Patient name: Shubankar Deka
Age: 45 Type: T1DM
Gender: Male Date of admission:06/01/16

Comments: I started having this disease at the

age of 35, I didn’t take much attenion to it due to
very busy job.I didn’t took medicine regularly or
neither did any physical exercise and now I’m
suffering from this dangerous disease I have to
lose my job, during urination I feel burning
sensation. Now I amunable to take care of my
family.
TREATMENT OF ADDICTION
Do-it-yourself -experts say about 30% of
people with analcohol problem manage to
reduce their drinking or abstain without
seeking professional help. There is a great
deal of material in books and the internet that
may help the self-helper.

Counselling -a qualified counsellor can help

the alcoholic talk through his/her problems
and then devise a plan to tackle the drinking.
CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) is
commonly used to treat alcohol dependency.

Detoxification -the patient takes some

medication to prevent withdrawal symptoms
(delirium tremens) which many alcoholics
experience when they give up drinking
SCENARIO OF DRUG
ADDICTION
 CONCLUSION
• Drug use and addiction cause a lot of disease
and disability in the world.

• Recent advances in neuroscience may help

improve policies to reduce the harm that the
use of tobacco , alcohol, and other
psychoactive drugs act on society.

• This report is concerned with the

implications of drug use for workplace safety
and productivity. It examines the prevalence
of alcohol and other drug use by the U.S.
workforce, the impact of such use on job-
related behavior, and the effectiveness of
work place drug intervention programs

• This emphasis on workplace productivity

rather than social consequences affects the
purpose, methods, and evaluation criteria
used in this report, just as it often affects
researchers investigating these issues.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Internet (Wikipedia)

• NCERT biology class XII

• Some diabetic patients

• Online library