A PROJECT PHASE-I REPORT

ON

COUNTERFEIT PRODUCT DETECTION USING BLOCKCHAIN

SUBMITTED TO THE SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE

OF

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

BY

Abhimanyu Tambade Exam No. B1903603323

Manas Talware Exam No. B1903603322
Shaina Choudhary Exam No. B1903603047

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mrs. Trupti Mate

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGG.

STES’S
SMT. KASHIBAI NAVALE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
VADGAON BK., OFF.SINHGAD ROAD
PUNE 411041
2024– 2025
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project Phase- I report entitled

“COUNTERFEIT PRODUCT DETECTION USING BLOCKCHAIN”

Submitted by

Abhimanyu Tambade Exam No. B1903603323

Manas Talware Exam No. B1903603322
Shaina Choudhary Exam No. B1903603047

is a bonafide work carried out by them under the supervision of Mrs. Trupti Mate and it is approved for
the partial fulfillment of the requirement of Savitribai Phule Pune University for the award of the Degree
of Bachelor of Engineering (Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering).
This project phase-I report has not been earlier submitted to any other Institute or University for the award
of any degree.

Mrs. Trupti Mate Mr. P. S. Kokare /Ms. M.M. Sonkhaskar

Project Guide Project Coordinators
Department of E & TC SKNCOE, Pune
SKNCOE, Pune

Dr. P.S. Raskar Dr. A.V. Deshpande

Program Coordinator(HOD) Principal
SKNCOE, Pune SKNCOE, Pune

Place: Pune
i
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Acknowledgment plays a crucial role in recognizing the contributions of individuals and entities involved
in the development of the web-based student management portal. We extend our heartfelt gratitude to 5mt.
Kashibai Navale College of Engineering, Pune. to provide the necessary resources and support for this
project. We are immensely thankful to T. A. Mate mam for their invaluable guidance, expertise, and
encouragement throughout the development process. We also express our appreciation to the faculty
members and administrative staff who provided valuable insights and feedback during the testing phase.
Additionally, we acknowledge the dedication and hard work of the Testing team members who
contributed to give suggestions of the design, coding, and testing of the portal. Lastly, we extend our
gratitude to all the users who participated in the testing and provided valuable feedback for improving the
portal's functionality and usability. This project would not have been possible without the collective
efforts of everyone involved, and we are sincerely grateful for their contributions

ii
 ABSTRACT

The proliferation of counterfeit products across various industries has emerged as a grave concern, posing
significant threats to consumer safety, brand integrity, and market stability. In response to this pressing
issue, this project endeavours to design and implement an innovative Fake Product Detection System,
harnessing the power of blockchain technology, while integrating AngularJS for the administrative
interface and employing Flutter for an intuitive user experience. This comprehensive system aspires to
provide a robust, tamper-proof platform for the verification of product authenticity and registration.
Leveraging blockchain's decentralized ledger technology, the system will record every legitimate
product's unique identifier and transaction history, making it virtually impossible for counterfeit products
to infiltrate the market undetected. AngularJS will ensure a seamless administrative experience for
managing and monitoring product registrations, while Flutter will deliver an intuitive and user-friendly
interface for consumers to easily verify the authenticity of their purchased items. By combining
blockchain's security and transparency with the user-friendly interfaces of AngularJS and Flutter, this
project aims to significantly enhance consumer confidence, protect brand integrity, and foster market
stability by effectively combating the counterfeit product epidemic. In doing so, it addresses a critical
issue that impacts both businesses and consumers, contributing to a safer and more trustworthy
marketplace.

iii
 CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
ABSTRACT iii
INDEX iv
LIST OF FIGURES v

INDEX

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

1.
INTRODUCTION 1-3
1.1 BACKGROUND 2
1.2 RELEVANCE 2
1.3 SUMMARY 3

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 4-7

2.1 INTRODUCTION 5
2.2 SUMMARY 7

3. DESIGN AND DRAWING 8-10

3.1 INTRODUCTION 9
3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM 9
3.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION 9
3.4 SUMMARY 10

4. IMPLEMENTATION 11-12
4.1 INTRODUCTION 12

5. EXPERIMENTATION 14-15
5.1 INTRODUCTION 15

6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 18-19

6.1 INTRODUCTION 19

7. CONCLUSION 22

REFERENCES 24

iv
 List of Figures
Figure No. Figure Name Page No.

3.1 Block Diagram of proposed system 9

4.1 Flowchart of Proposed system 12

5.1 Python code 1 18

5.2 Python code 2 18

v
CHAPTER 1

Introduction

1
 Introduction

In the realm of product development, inherent risk factors such as counterfeiting and duplication always
loom ominously, casting a shadow over a company's name, reputation, revenue, and customer satisfaction.
The proliferation of counterfeit products in today's markets has been nothing short of alarming, posing a
growing threat to businesses and consumers alike. To tackle this pressing issue and ensure the
identification and tracking of counterfeit goods, we propose the implementation of a fully functional
blockchain system. This innovative approach offers a lifeline to companies, requiring minimal effort on
their part while relieving them of the constant worry regarding counterfeit products tarnishing their
brand's integrity. Counterfeit products inflict substantial damage on manufacturers, not just in terms of
revenue losses but also in the erosion of their company's reputation. Customers, believing these
counterfeits to be genuine products, often leave reviews based on the false premise, further compounding
the damage. To surmount this challenge, the adoption of a blockchain-based system emerges as a
compelling solution. Blockchain technology operates on a distributed, decentralized model, where data is
stored in blocks within a secure database, each block intricately connected to the previous one in a chain-
like fashion. Importantly, once data is added to the blockchain, it becomes immutable; no user can alter or
erase it. This inherent security feature ensures the protection and integrity of data. Blockchain, with its
tamper-proof nature and robust data protection mechanisms, offers a promising avenue for combatting the
scourge of counterfeit products. By leveraging the blockchain's architecture, we can create an unassailable
barrier against counterfeiting, providing companies and consumers with the confidence that every
product's authenticity can be verified with utmost certainty.

1.1 BACKGROUND:

This transformative approach not only promises to safeguard businesses from reputational damage but
also ensures consumers can trust the products they purchase, fostering a more secure and trustworthy
marketplace for all. In essence, blockchain emerges as the key to alleviating the persistent problem of
counterfeit products, heralding a new era of transparency and security in the world of commerce.
Counterfeit products have become a pervasive issue in today’s globalized economy, affecting industries
ranging from pharmaceuticals to luxury goods. These fake products not only lead to significant revenue
losses for legitimate companies but also pose serious risks to consumer health and safety. Traditional
methods of authentication and supply chain management have struggled to keep up with the scale and
sophistication of counterfeiting operations.

Blockchain technology offers a promising solution to combat counterfeiting through its ability to provide
secure, transparent, and tamper-resistant records. By implementing blockchain for product tracking and
verification, it becomes possible to create a reliable, decentralized system where every stage of a product’s
journey can be traced. This ensures that consumers and businesses can verify the authenticity of products
with confidence.

The rise in counterfeit products across global markets has become a critical challenge for industries and
consumers alike. Counterfeit goods permeate sectors such as pharmaceuticals, electronics, fashion, and
automotive parts, resulting in annual losses amounting to billions of dollars. Beyond the financial impacts,
counterfeit products can pose serious safety risks, especially in cases involving medicines, safety-critical
automotive parts, and electronic devices. As a result, protecting supply chains from counterfeits and
ensuring product authenticity has become a priority for businesses and regulators worldwide.

1.2 RELEVANCE:

2
Traditional methods of tracking and verifying product authenticity, such as serial numbers, barcodes, and
holograms, have proven inadequate in combating the increasingly sophisticated counterfeiting techniques.
These conventional systems are often centralized, making them vulnerable to tampering and difficult to
scale across global, multi-step supply chains. Additionally, without a transparent way to track and verify
products from manufacturing through to the end consumer, there are limited ways for stakeholders to
ensure that items are genuine.

Blockchain technology offers a transformative approach to address these challenges by creating a

decentralized, transparent, and tamper-proof ledger. Blockchain’s ability to store records in an immutable,
distributed ledger can be harnessed to track products at each stage of their life cycle, from production to
end-user purchase. Each transaction or movement of a product can be recorded on the blockchain, creating
an audit trail that is highly resistant to manipulation. With blockchain, stakeholders across the supply
chain—manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and consumers—can access a trusted record of a product’s
history, enabling quick and easy verification of its authenticity.

This report explores how blockchain technology can be utilized for effective counterfeit product detection.
It examines the mechanics of blockchain, its benefits for supply chain transparency, and the specific ways
it can disrupt counterfeit practices. Through case studies and analysis, this report aims to demonstrate the
potential of blockchain to transform product authenticity verification, offering a robust solution to one of
the most challenging problems in commerce today.

1.3 SUMMARY:

Counterfeit products pose significant challenges across various industries, causing financial losses,
damaging brand reputations, and endangering consumer safety. Traditional detection methods, such as
barcodes and RFID tags, lack the transparency and security needed to effectively combat counterfeiting in
today’s complex supply chains.

Blockchain technology offers a revolutionary solution by providing a decentralized, immutable, and

transparent system for tracking products throughout their lifecycle. Each transaction or movement of a
product is securely recorded, creating a tamper-proof audit trail that enhances product authenticity and
trust. This technology not only empowers businesses to detect counterfeit goods but also allows
consumers to independently verify product authenticity.

The study explores the application of blockchain in counterfeit detection, emphasizing its potential to
improve supply chain transparency, ensure regulatory compliance, and build consumer trust. This
innovative approach is crucial in addressing the growing global threat of counterfeit products and
fostering a more secure marketplace.

3
 CHAPTER 2

Literature Review

4
 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction:

Counterfeiting has long been a critical issue, affecting various industries and economies worldwide. Over
the years, researchers and industry experts have explored different methods to detect and prevent
counterfeit products. Traditional approaches, such as manual inspections, barcodes, and RFID systems,
have shown varying levels of effectiveness. However, these methods often struggle with issues like
scalability, data security, and real-time verification, especially in complex supply chains.With the advent
of blockchain technology, there has been a growing interest in leveraging its features for counterfeit
detection. Blockchain’s decentralized, immutable, and transparent ledger system offers a promising
solution for enhancing product traceability and authenticity. This literature survey reviews existing
research on counterfeit detection, focusing on traditional methods and the emerging role of blockchain
technology. It also highlights the strengths and limitations of these approaches and identifies gaps in
current research.By analyzing past studies, this survey aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of
the technological advancements in counterfeit detection, setting the foundation for developing more robust
and efficient solutions.

Eduard Daoud et al [1] In this paper titled "Enhancing Fake Product Detection Using Deep Learning
Object Detection Models", address a profoundly significant issue that continues to plague economies
worldwide—counterfeit products. The authors underscore the gravity of the situation, citing alarming
statistics that reveal trillions of dollars in losses attributed to counterfeit goods. Despite the commendable
efforts of regulatory bodies and authorities, it becomes evident that the magnitude of this problem
outpaces the efficacy of existing solutions. In light of this, the paper puts forth a compelling argument for
harnessing the power of consumer engagement in the fight against counterfeit products. Recognizing the
limitations of traditional approaches, the authors propose a cutting-edge solution grounded in machine
learning. Their innovative system combines image recognition, text recognition, and classification
techniques, culminating in a user-friendly platform designed to empower consumers to detect counterfeit
products with both ease and precision. This endeavor is characterized by a convergence of key
technological elements, underscored by the keywords encapsulating its essence: anti-counterfeiting, deep
learning, image recognition, object classification, and transfer learning. Through these keywords, the
paper not only articulates its primary focus on combating counterfeit products but also emphasizes its
commitment to leveraging advanced technology to address this pressing issue. The implications of this
work extend beyond mere academic interest, as it carries the potential to significantly impact the broader
socioeconomic landscape by mitigating the rampant proliferation of counterfeit goods.

Joni Salminen et al [2] Joni Salminen and his fellow researchers, in their paper titled "Creating and
Detecting Fake Reviews of Online Products" [2], delve into a critical and increasingly prevalent issue
within the realm of e-commerce – the proliferation of fake product reviews. This issue strikes at the heart
of consumer trust and the integrity of competition in online marketplaces. With a comprehensive
approach, the authors examine the dual facets of this problem, encompassing both human-generated and
machine-generated fake reviews. The paper takes a profound step by exploring the capabilities of text
generation algorithms, she
dding light on their potential to craft persuasive and deceptive fake reviews. This revelation raises
concerns about the ease with which technology, including generative language models, can contribute to
the creation of convincing yet disingenuous product feedback. In doing so, the study underscores the
urgency of developing and implementing robust mechanisms for fake review detection. The authors
extend their investigation to the effectiveness of machine classifiers in the detection of fake reviews, and
they make a significant comparison with human raters. By bridging the gap between human and
5
automated assessment, the research elucidates the strengths and limitations of both approaches. This
comparative analysis enriches our understanding of the practical implications and potential shortcomings
of current detection methods, thus guiding future research and policy development. This research serves as
an invaluable contribution to the understanding of the multifaceted challenges posed by fake reviews in
the dynamic digital marketing landscape. It underscores the need for vigilant safeguards to protect
consumers from misleading information and to maintain the credibility and fairness of online
marketplaces, making it an essential reference for anyone engaged in e-commerce, digital marketing, or
consumer protection efforts.

Kunal Wasnik et al [3] In the paper titled "Detection of Counterfeit Products using Blockchain," authored
by Kunal Wasnik and his colleagues [3], a critical issue that has significant implications for supply chains,
economics, and consumer well-being is rigorously examined. The focus of this study centers on the
pervasive problem of product counterfeiting, which has been a persistent thorn in the side of industries
around the world. In response to this challenge, the authors present a solution rooted in the innovative
technology of blockchain. Their proposal revolves around the utilization of blockchain's unique features to
enhance the detection of counterfeit products. Notably, the paper highlights the transformative power of
blockchain in facilitating the comprehensive tracking of a product's supply chain history. By employing
blockchain's decentralized and secure architecture, the authors construct a tamper-resistant and transparent
system. What sets this solution apart is its capacity to be accessed by multiple stakeholders concurrently,
which contributes to heightened transparency and accountability within the supply chain. The paper is a
resounding reminder of the substantial repercussions associated with counterfeit goods, extending well
beyond the realms of economics. The authors underscore that the ramifications encompass consumer
safety and the reputational integrity of brands. The blockchain-based system they introduce is positioned
as a promising avenue to effectively address and mitigate these multifaceted challenges. The research
encapsulated in this paper by Kunal Wasnik et al. is a testament to the transformative potential of
blockchain technology in combating counterfeit products. By offering a solution that simultaneously
bolsters supply chain integrity and safeguards consumer interests, the paper underscores the pivotal role
that innovative technology can play in addressing and rectifying issues of substantial consequence within
the global marketplace.

Tian [4] – Blockchain and Supply Chain Transparency for Anti-Counterfeiting Tian's study explore the
role of blockchain technology in improving supply chain transparency, particularly in the agricultural
sector. By utilizing blockchain’s immutable and time-stamped records, the study demonstrates enhanced
traceability, making it harder for counterfeit products to enter the supply chain. The research emphasizes
the role of blockchain in verifying product origins, which is essential for authenticity and consumer trust.

Chen et al. [5] – Blockchain Applications in Anti-Counterfeit Solutions

Chen and colleagues investigate the use of blockchain technology to combat counterfeiting across
various industries. They focus on blockchain’s decentralized ledger, which can verify product authenticity
at each stage of distribution. The study highlights blockchain’s cryptographic security features, which
reduce tampering risks and illustrate blockchain’s versatility as an anti-counterfeit solution across sectors.

Kshetri [6] – Product Authenticity Verification Through Blockchain Technology

Kshetri’s research examines how blockchain can be applied in the luxury goods market to verify
authenticity. The study highlights that by linking unique identifiers to blockchain, companies can establish
a trustworthy provenance trail, enabling retailers and consumers to verify luxury products’ authenticity.
The research emphasizes consumer-facing blockchain applications, which enhance transparency and
protect brand reputation.

6
Mackey and Nayyar [7] – Anti-Counterfeiting Measures in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains Using
Blockchain
Mackey and Nayyar discuss the application of blockchain in pharmaceutical supply chains to address the
serious issue of counterfeit drugs. Their paper highlights blockchain’s traceability and immutability,
which can track pharmaceuticals from production to end-user delivery. The study underscores that
blockchain improves safety and compliance in the pharmaceutical sector, thereby reducing counterfeit
risks.

Casino, Dasaklis, and Patsakis [8] – Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contracts for Counterfeit Detection
This study by Casino and colleagues investigates blockchain-enabled smart contracts as a tool for anti-
counterfeiting. They describe how smart contracts can automatically enforce authenticity checks and
initiate alerts when discrepancies are found. The paper highlights that smart contracts provide real-time
monitoring capabilities, adding efficiency and security to counterfeit detection systems.

Rane and Narvel [9] – Counterfeit Detection in the Automotive Industry Using Blockchain
Rane and Narvel explore the potential of blockchain to prevent counterfeit parts in the automotive
industry. Their study explains how blockchain technology tracks each component throughout the supply
chain, making it difficult to replace genuine parts with counterfeit ones. By integrating blockchain,
automotive companies can maintain product safety and protect their brand integrity.

Wang et al. [10] – Consumer Trust and Blockchain-Based Anti-Counterfeiting Solutions

Wang and colleagues examine how blockchain technology can build consumer trust in product
authenticity. Their research reveals that blockchain’s transparency allows consumers to view a product’s
entire lifecycle, increasing confidence in its authenticity. By providing verifiable information, brands can
combat counterfeiting while fostering long-term customer loyalty and trust.

2.2 Summary:

Counterfeiting has long been a critical issue, affecting various industries and economies worldwide. Over
the years, researchers and industry experts have explored different methods to detect and prevent
counterfeit products. Traditional approaches, such as manual inspections, barcodes, and RFID systems,
have shown varying levels of effectiveness. However, these methods often struggle with issues like
scalability, data security, and real-time verification, especially in complex supply chains.

With the advent of blockchain technology, there has been a growing interest in leveraging its features for
counterfeit detection. Blockchain’s decentralized, immutable, and transparent ledger system offers a
promising solution for enhancing product traceability and authenticity. This literature survey reviews
existing research on counterfeit detection, focusing on traditional methods and the emerging role of
blockchain technology. It also highlights the strengths and limitations of these approaches and identifies
gaps in current research.

By analyzing past studies, this survey aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the technological
advancements in counterfeit detection, setting the foundation for developing more robust and efficient
solutions.

7
 CHAPTER 3
Design and Drawing

8
3.1 Introduction:

The block diagram illustrates a blockchain-based counterfeit product detection system, designed to ensure
product authenticity and transparency across the supply chain. The system is divided into two main
components: the Manufacturer Side and the User Side, both interconnected via a secure blockchain
network. On the Manufacturer Side, products are registered and authenticated through a multi-step
process, including product entry, order management, and the generation of unique QR codes. These QR
codes act as digital fingerprints, securely stored on the blockchain to prevent tampering. On the User Side,
customers can scan the QR codes to access detailed product information, verify authenticity, and view the
entire transaction history of the product. Additionally, users can provide feedback, enhancing transparency
and accountability. By leveraging the decentralized and immutable nature of blockchain, this system
provides a robust and tamper-proof solution to combat counterfeiting, fostering trust between
manufacturers and consumers

3.2

Fig 3.1: Block Diagram of the proposed system

3.3 Block Diagram Description:

Manufacturer Side:

1. Manufacture: Products are manufactured and prepared for entry into the blockchain-based tracking
system.
9
2. Registration: The manufacturer registers the product in the system.

3. Login: The manufacturer logs into the system to manage product data.

4. Add Product: Information about the manufactured product is added to the blockchain network.

5. Show Order: Orders for the product are displayed, allowing the manufacturer to track them.

6. Generate QR: A QR code is generated for each product, allowing users to scan and verify its
authenticity.

Blockchain Network:

The central part of the system, where all product data is securely stored. This network ensures data
integrity and transparency, preventing unauthorized modifications and verifying authenticity.

User Side:

1. User: The end-user interacts with the system to verify the product.

2. Scan QR: The user scans the product’s QR code to access information.

3. Show Product Details: Upon scanning, the system retrieves and displays product details from the
blockchain.

4. Feedback: Users can provide feedback, which can be used to improve the system and verify product
satisfaction.

5. View History: The user can view the product’s history, verifying its authenticity and tracking its
journey from manufacturer to end-user.

3.4 Summary:

The block diagram outlines a blockchain-based counterfeit product detection system. It highlights two key
workflows:

On the Manufacturer Side, products are registered, authenticated, and uniquely identified through QR
codes that are stored on a secure blockchain network.

On the User Side, customers scan these QR codes to verify product authenticity, view detailed product
histories, and provide feedback.

By leveraging blockchain’s decentralized and immutable nature, the system ensures data integrity,
transparency, and trust for both manufacturers and consumers. This architecture effectively addresses the
challenges of counterfeit detection, providing a reliable solution for secure product verification.

10
CHAPTER 4
Implementation

11
4.1 Introduction:

The implementation of a blockchain-based counterfeit product detection system involves the development
and integration of various components to ensure secure and transparent product verification. The system
leverages blockchain technology to create a decentralized, tamper-proof ledger that records all product-
related transactions, from manufacturing to end-user verification. The process begins with manufacturers
registering products in the blockchain network and generating unique QR codes for each product. These
codes, which serve as digital identifiers, are then printed on product packaging, enabling seamless
tracking throughout the supply chain.On the user side, consumers can scan the QR codes using a mobile
application or web interface to verify the authenticity of the product. The system retrieves product details
from the blockchain, ensuring real-time verification and providing a complete transaction history. This
implementation also allows users to provide feedback, enhancing the transparency and reliability of the
system. By integrating these components, the system offers a robust solution to combat counterfeiting,
improve supply chain visibility, and foster trust between manufacturers and consumers.

Fig 4.1: Flowchart of proposed system

Description of Flowchart:

1. Define Product Identification System

12
Use unique identifiers for each product (e.g., QR codes, RFID tags, or serial numbers).

These identifiers will serve as the link between physical products and their digital representation on the
blockchain.

2. Choose a Blockchain Platform

Select an appropriate blockchain platform such as Ethereum, Hyperledger, or a private blockchain.

Configure the blockchain network, determining consensus mechanisms, transaction fees, and privacy
settings as needed.

3. Design a Smart Contract for Product Tracking

Create smart contracts that will record each product’s lifecycle stages on the blockchain.

Each smart contract should include functions to register a product, update status, and verify authenticity.

4. Integrate Supply Chain Participants

Include all relevant stakeholders (e.g., manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, and retailers) in the
blockchain network.

Assign roles and permissions to each participant for transparency and data integrity.

5. Data Recording and Updating

As products move through the supply chain, each participant records information on the blockchain.

For example, manufacturers can record production details, while distributors add information on shipment
and storage.

6. Verification and Authentication

Develop a verification mechanism for consumers, allowing them to scan product identifiers (e.g., QR
code) to check authenticity.

Consumers can view the entire product history on the blockchain, ensuring that the product is genuine.

7. Deployment and Testing

Deploy the blockchain network and smart contracts.

Test the system for functionality, security, and scalability by simulating the movement of products
through the supply chain.

8. User Interface Development

Develop a user-friendly application or website where participants and consumers can interact with the
blockchain to verify authenticity and track products.
13
 CHAPTER 5
Experimentation

14
 Experimentation

5.1 Introduction:
The experimentation phase of the blockchain-based counterfeit product detection system focuses on
evaluating the system’s functionality, performance, and effectiveness in real-world scenarios. This
involves testing both the Manufacturer Side and User Side operations to ensure seamless integration with
the blockchain network. On the Manufacturer Side, processes such as product registration, QR code
generation, and data storage on the blockchain are tested for accuracy and security. The ability of the
system to handle multiple product entries and maintain an immutable record is a critical aspect of this
phase.On the User Side, experiments are conducted to assess the ease and reliability of product
verification through QR code scanning. This includes testing the retrieval of product details, verification
accuracy, and transaction history display. The feedback mechanism is also evaluated to ensure user inputs
are securely stored and accessible. The experimentation aims to identify any potential system
vulnerabilities, measure the system’s scalability, and validate its effectiveness in detecting counterfeit
products. The results of these experiments provide valuable insights for optimizing the system and
ensuring its robustness in real-world applications.

1. Objective of Experimentation

The main objective is to design and test a blockchain-based system that ensures the authenticity of
products throughout the supply chain, enabling stakeholders and consumers to verify product details at
any stage.

2. Tools and Technologies Used

Blockchain Platform:

Ethereum or Hyperledger (for implementing the distributed ledger).

Smart Contracts:

Written in Solidity (Ethereum) or Go (Hyperledger) to automate and validate transactions.

Database:

NoSQL database such as MongoDB for off-chain product data storage.

Frontend Framework:

React.js or Angular for the user interface (login, registration, product verification).

QR Code Generator and Scanner:

APIs such as Google Charts for generating QR codes and ZXing for scanning.

Programming Language:

15
Python, JavaScript, or Node.js for backend integration.

Development Environment:

Remix IDE, Truffle Suite for smart contract development and deployment.

3. System Setup

Blockchain Network Setup:

A private or test blockchain network is deployed using Ethereum or Hyperledger.

Nodes are established for different stakeholders: Manufacturer, Distributor, Retailer, and Consumer.

Smart Contract Deployment:

Smart contracts are deployed to automate verification and authentication tasks.

Contracts handle operations like product registration, validation, and transaction tracking.

QR Code Integration:

For each product, a unique QR code is generated and linked to the blockchain entry.

The QR code provides consumers and stakeholders access to the product’s history.

4. Experimentation Process

Product Registration:

The manufacturer logs into the system and registers the product on the blockchain via the
login/registration module.

A unique product ID is generated, and product details (batch number, manufacturing date, etc.) are
uploaded.

QR Code Generation:

The system generates a QR code corresponding to the product’s blockchain entry.

The QR code is printed and attached to the product for distribution.

Supply Chain Tracking:

At each stage (Distributor, Retailer), stakeholders log their transactions by scanning the QR code.

The system updates the blockchain with new transaction details (time, location).

Product Verification:

16
End consumers scan the QR code using a mobile app or web interface.

The system retrieves the product’s blockchain record and verifies its authenticity.

Counterfeit Detection:

If the product’s blockchain record is tampered with or missing, the system flags it as counterfeit.

Consumers are notified and advised to avoid purchasing the product.

5. Testing and Validation

Performance Testing:

Evaluate the speed and efficiency of blockchain transactions during high network activity.

Accuracy Testing:

Ensure the correctness of product data stored in the blockchain.

Security Testing:

Verify the immutability of blockchain records and resilience to hacking or tampering.

Usability Testing:

Assess the ease of use of the system’s user interface for stakeholders and consumers.

6. Results

The experimentation should validate that:

The blockchain system reliably tracks product authenticity across the supply chain.

QR codes provide a secure and efficient method for product verification.

The system effectively identifies counterfeit products and prevents their circulation.

7. Conclusion

The experimentation demonstrates that a blockchain-based counterfeit detection system is feasible, secure,
and efficient. It ensures trust and transparency among stakeholders, reducing the prevalence of counterfeit
goods in the market.

17
Fig 5.1 Python code 1

Fig 5.2 Python code 2

18
 CHAPTER 6
Result and discussion

19
 Result and discussion

6.1 Introduction:
The results section of the blockchain-based counterfeit product detection system provides an in-depth
analysis of the system's performance and effectiveness during the experimentation phase. This involves
evaluating how well the system achieves its objectives of ensuring product authenticity, enhancing
transparency, and preventing counterfeit products from entering the supply chain. Key metrics such as the
accuracy of product verification, the efficiency of QR code scanning, the speed of data retrieval from the
blockchain, and user feedback collection are analyzed.The results demonstrate the system’s capability to
provide secure, real-time product verification, highlighting its robustness in storing and retrieving
immutable product information. Additionally, the outcomes showcase the system’s ability to scale
effectively and maintain high performance under varying conditions. This section also identifies any
limitations observed during testing, offering insights for future improvements. Overall, the results validate
the effectiveness of blockchain technology in building a reliable and transparent counterfeit detection
system.

Description of Python code:

Class Definition (Blockchain):

The Blockchain class serves as the foundation for implementing blockchain functionality. It contains
methods for managing transactions, mining new blocks, and maintaining the blockchain network.

Adding a New Transaction (new_transaction):

This method (new_transaction) allows for the addition of new transactions to a list called
unconfirmed_transactions. These transactions will later be verified and added to a block in the blockchain.

Adding Peer Nodes (add_peer):

The add_peer method manages peer details, ensuring decentralized communication across the network by
adding other nodes to the system.

Add Transactions to Block (add_transaction):

Adds specific transaction details (trans_details) to the blockchain. This method is part of preparing data
for inclusion in a block.

Mining New Blocks (mine):

This critical method checks for pending transactions (unconfirmed_transactions) and, if available, initiates
the creation of a new block.

It gathers the last block in the chain (self.last_block) and creates a new block containing pending
transactions, along with a timestamp and the hash of the previous block.

Proof of Work (self.proof_of_work):

20
The mining process involves finding a valid proof of work for the new block before it can be added to the
blockchain. This step secures the system by preventing tampering.

Block Addition (add_block):

Once mined, the new block is validated and added to the blockchain.

The unconfirmed transactions list is then cleared to make room for future transactions.

Saving Blockchain (save_object):

This part of the code demonstrates saving objects (presumably the blockchain or related data) to a file
using Python's pickle module for serialization. It ensures that the blockchain state can persist across
program executions.

Purpose of the Code:

The code is part of a blockchain implementation that supports transaction recording, block creation
(mining), and peer-to-peer interactions. This system ensures data immutability and security, crucial for
applications like counterfeit product detection. The use of methods such as proof_of_work and transaction
validation aligns with standard blockchain protocols.

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CHAPTER 7

Conclusion

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 Conclusion

Counterfeit products are a global issue impacting industries, economies, and consumers' trust. In this
report, we explored how blockchain technology can be a transformative solution for counterfeit product
detection. By implementing blockchain, we ensure an immutable and transparent record of the entire
product lifecycle—from manufacturing to the end consumer. Each transaction is securely stored,
traceable, and accessible to stakeholders, minimizing the risks associated with traditional verification
methods. Our study demonstrates that blockchain enhances product authenticity verification through
decentralized, tamper-proof records. This approach not only protects brands but also empowers consumers
to make informed purchasing decisions, effectively reducing the prevalence of counterfeit products.
However, challenges such as integration costs, regulatory considerations, and scalability remain,
suggesting a need for further research and refinement. Ultimately, blockchain-based solutions offer a
promising path toward a more secure and transparent supply chain, paving the way for a counterfeit-free
marketplace.

References
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