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Total station is an instrument in which electronic theodolite, electronic distance meter, microprocessor
electronic data collector and storage systems are integrated. A total station is also known as electronic
tacheometer, but a Total station is operated using a multifunction keyboard which is connected to a
microprocessor built into the instrument.
Here the electronic theodolite part consists of vertical axis, tilting axis and line of sight whose main
function is to measure horizontal and vertical angles, the EDM part of a total station uses phase
difference technique for distance measurements, the microprocessor integrated with the instrument
computer averages multiple readings, makes slope corrections and finds horizontal distance between
any two points and Storage system is a memory unit which stores data for data transferring to a
computer for further reducing the errors and computation.
Some of the Data collected is processed with microprocessor to compute:
Average of multiple angle measurement, average of multiple distances measured, slope corrections,
distance between any two points, elevations of objects and, coordinates of points, etc.
ENGINEERS’ EDUCARE COACHING CENTRE
A.E & J.E (Civil Engineering),
NEE I, NEE II, NEE III, NEET, CLASS X,XI,XII, PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, MATHEMATICS, BIOLOGY, LDC/UDC, HOME
TUTOR FOR CLASS I to IX
Phone: 84030 81436,03602257190 Email: eecconline@outlook.com Web: eecconline.com
ENGINEERS’ EDUCARE COACHING CENTRE
A.E & J.E (Civil Engineering),
NEE I, NEE II, NEE III, NEET, CLASS X,XI,XII, PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, MATHEMATICS, BIOLOGY, LDC/UDC, HOME
TUTOR FOR CLASS I to IX
Phone: 84030 81436,03602257190 Email: eecconline@outlook.com Web: eecconline.com
Accessories used along with Total Station:
The following accessories are provided with a total station:
1. Retroreflector: A reflector consists of prisms, which is used as a target. The reflector is mounted
on a pole. The reflector returns the beam of light in the path exactly parallel to the line of incidence or
over a range of incidence of about 20°.
2. Track light or Lumiguide: It helps in aligning pole mounted reflector along the line of sight. If the
reflector prism is to the left of sight, it flashes green light, if the prism is to the right a red light is
flashed. If the reflector prism is on the line white light is flashed.
3. Geotronics Unicom: It is a voice communication system, mounted on the total station. By pressing
a button a microphone is activated. A small loudspeaker mounted on reflector prism pole communicates
the voice to person at pole prism.
ENGINEERS’ EDUCARE COACHING CENTRE
A.E & J.E (Civil Engineering),
NEE I, NEE II, NEE III, NEET, CLASS X,XI,XII, PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, MATHEMATICS, BIOLOGY, LDC/UDC, HOME
TUTOR FOR CLASS I to IX
Phone: 84030 81436,03602257190 Email: eecconline@outlook.com Web: eecconline.com
Types of total stations:
There are three types of total stations:
(a) Manual total stations:
• Require manual operation for aligning the instrument with the target.
• Only slope distances could be read electronically, and angles need to be measured manually
(b) Semi-automatic total stations
• The user had to manually read the horizontal circle.
• Vertical circle readings is shown digitally.
• Slope distances with their horizontal and vertical components are displayed digitally.
(c) Automatic total stations:
• They sense both the horizontal and vertical angles electronically.
• Slope distances with their vertical and horizontal components are also displayed electronically.
• The coordinate information obtained can either be stored in the total station's memory card.
• The data thus recorded can be directly downloaded to a computer at a later time and the data
recorder can be reused
Advantages:
1. Field work is carried out rapidly.
2. Higher accuracy in measurements.
3. Elimination of errors in taking and recording the readings.
4. Co-ordinates of points can be computed rapidly.
5. Corrections for atmospheric temperature and pressure are automatically done.
6. With the help of computer connected to the total station, contour maps, cross sections can be
prepared. Scale of map, contour interval can be changed easily.
7. Area of the field can be computed.
Disadvantages
1. Their use does not provide hard copies of field notes. Hence, it may be difficult for the surveyor to
look and check the work while surveying.
ENGINEERS’ EDUCARE COACHING CENTRE
A.E & J.E (Civil Engineering),
NEE I, NEE II, NEE III, NEET, CLASS X,XI,XII, PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, MATHEMATICS, BIOLOGY, LDC/UDC, HOME
TUTOR FOR CLASS I to IX
Phone: 84030 81436,03602257190 Email: eecconline@outlook.com Web: eecconline.com
2. For an overall check of the survey, it will be necessary to return to the office and prepare the drawing
using appropriate software.
3. They should not be used for observations of the sun, unless special filters, are used or else EDM part
might be damaged.
4. The instrument is costly.
5. Skilled personnel are required for conducting surveys
ENGINEERS’ EDUCARE COACHING CENTRE
A.E & J.E (Civil Engineering),
NEE I, NEE II, NEE III, NEET, CLASS X,XI,XII, PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, MATHEMATICS, BIOLOGY, LDC/UDC, HOME
TUTOR FOR CLASS I to IX
Phone: 84030 81436,03602257190 Email: eecconline@outlook.com Web: eecconline.com
