ECEN 011 - FOEC 2
LESSON 1: HISTORY OF ELECTRONICS
● “Build a Transistor” by R.Tuner - first transistor
—-----------------------ELECTRONICS?---------------------- hobbyist article, published in Radio Electronics
ELECTRONICS is the science and technology of the magazine.
motion of charges in a gas, vacuum, or
semiconductor. —------------------------------1950—-----------------------------
● Fist grown junction transistor created at Bell
—------PERIOD IN HISTORY OF ELECTRONICS------ Labs.
We can divide the history of electronics into two major ● “Crystal Receiver with Transistor Amplifier”, by
divisions: R. Turner - first transistor radio construction article,
1. VACUUM-TUBE ERA published in Radio and Television News
2. TRANSISTOR ERA -started in 1947 and magazine.
represents the start of
—------------------------------1951—-----------------------------
modern electronics.
● Bell Labs "Transistor Symposium" at Murray Hill,
—-----------------------TRANSISTOR—----------------------- with topics including point contact and grown
junction germanium transistors and circuits.
The transistor was invented by a team of three men at
Bell Laboratories in 1947. ● Western Electric - licensed 30 Companies to
1. John Bardeen manufacture transistors.
2. Walter Brattain ● First alloy junction transistors developed at GE
3. William Shockley (General Electric) and RCA (Radio Corporation of
America).
Although this first transistor was not a bipolar junction
device, it was the beginning of a technological —------------------------------1953—-----------------------------
revolution. ● GE, Philco, Radio Receptor, Raytheon, RCA,
Sylvania and Texas Instruments all prepare for
—------------------------------1947—----------------------------- large scale production of germanium junction
The first transistor (point contact type) was invented transistors.
at Bell Laboratory in 1947.
● Raytheon introduces the CK722 hobbyist
—------------------------------1948—----------------------------- transistor.
● First public announcement of the invention of the ● 1,000,000 units.- total U.S. transistor production for
transistor. the year
● Raytheon CK703 - is the first commercially —------------------------------1957—-----------------------------
available transistor. ● 10th anniversary of invention of the transistor.
● Williams Shockley - developed the Junction
● Annual U.S. shipments of 29,000,000 units.
Transistor Theory at Bell Labs
● Fairchild semiconductor division founded by
—------------------------------1949—----------------------------- engineers and scientists originally hired by William
● “Type A” point contact transistor enters limited Shockley at Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory.
production at Bell Labs.
—------------------------------1958—-----------------------------
● W. MacWilliams builds the Transistor Gating Matrix
● Explorer 1, the first U.S. satellite, uses germanium
at Bell Labs, using 40 “Type A” transistors; this is
and silicon transistors.
the first functional transistor application.
● Fairchild begins commercial transistor shipments.
ELECTRONICS MILESTONES EVOLUTION OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES
—------------------------------1874—-----------------------------
● Braun invest the solid-state rectifier
—------------------------------1906—-----------------------------
● DeForest invents triode vacuum tube.
—------------------------------1907—-----------------------------
● First radio circuits developed from diodes and
triodes.
—------------------------------1925—-----------------------------
● Power Mosfet - Lilienfeld field-effect device patent
filed
● Patented by: Julius Edgar Lilienfeld
● Invented by: Robert W. Bower
● VACUUM ● DISCRETE
—------------------------------1956—----------------------------- TUBE
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1956
“For their researchers on semiconductors and their
discovery of the transistor effect” ● SSI and ● VLSI
Awarded to: MSI SURFACE -
● William Bradford Shockley INTEGRATED MOUNT
● John Bardeen CIRCUITS CIRCUITS
● Walter Houser Brattain
—------------------------------1958—-----------------------------
● Integrated circuit - developed by Jack Kilby and ● The first germanium hobbyist transistor
Robert Noyce Hobbyist Transistor Companies
—------------------------------1961—-----------------------------
● First commercial IC (Integrated Circuit) from
Fairchild semiconductor
—------------------------------1968—-----------------------------
● First commercial IC Op-Amp ( Operational
Amplifier)
—------------------------------1970—-----------------------------
● One transistor DRAM (Drag Reduction Access ● RAYTHEON was the first company to actively
Memory) cell invented by Dennard at IBM. pursue the transistor hobbyist market.
—------------------------------1971—----------------------------- ● GENERAL ELECTRIC
● 4004 Intel microprocessor was invented ● RCA
● SYLVANIA
—------------------------------1974—-----------------------------
● PHILCO
● Megabit memory chip and microprocessor was
introduced
—------------------------------1978—-----------------------------
● First commercial 1 kilobit memory
—------------------------------2000—-----------------------------
● Alferov, Kilby and Kromer share Nobel prize
