Lesson 1: BASIC CONCEPT OF FISHERY

Fishery (plural: fisheries) - is an organized effort by humans to catch fish or other aquatic species, an activity
known as fishing.

Tianyuan Man – are the remains of one of the earliest modern human to inhabit East Asia

Fish Culture – the human effort of raising the maximum productivity of fish and other fishery aquatic products
and maintaining the supply of these products to satisfy human needs

Fish Capture – branch of fishery science deals with the scientific method of catching fish as well and the type
of fishing gear used

Fish Preservation – branch of fishery science that deals with the scientific method of preserving fish and other
fishery aquatic products to prevent spoilage

DEFINITION OF FISHERY AND ITS IMPORTANCE:

As the time goes by, different centuries and generation are past. The original term of fish were interpret by
various early people. The term has a different version to another set of people. From the Proto-Indo-
European(4500 BC to 2500 BC) it is used as peysk/pisk. It was used for numbered centuries, then, the term
was again change because of the passing of generation to generation and another generation. The term in the
language of Proto-Germanic (500 BC) was fiskaz. The term in West Frisian was fisk, in Dutch was vis, in
Danish and Norwegian was fisk, in German was fisch. Old English adopted it and later it was coined as fisc.

Today, the contemporary English now term it as fish. In our Philipinelocal term is isda.

VALUE OF FISHERY
Regular eating of freshwater fish was evident in 42,000 and 39,000 years ago by the Tianyuan man. Hunter-
gatherer lifestyle was the mostly work of the people. So, they move a lot because they seek their food. The only
permanent settlement is the cave and/or shell midden. Discarded fish bone and carved painting in the caves
was supported the evidence that fishing was occurring in the early ages. Based from the arts was observed,
they hunt fish at the salt and freshwater. One of the examples is from the Southern France, the cave art is
16,000 years old. It represents the marine animals and spearfishing with barbed poles also known as
harpoons. Main fishing methods appearing in the Neolithic times between 8,000 and 4,000 years ago. One of
the early fishing hooks was gorge hook used by Native Americans of the California coast between 7,500 to
3,000 year ago. Some other tribes used plant toxins to numb fish and fish it out easily. Harappans (people that
lived during the Bronze Age at the place of today’s archaeological site in Punjab, Eastern Pakistan,) used one
of the first bronze harpoons.

Ancient Egypt was famously known as the sea-side settlers and heavily dependent to the fishing. Method of
fishing used on the Nile River was shown at their artworks which are at the wall tomb, on drawing and papyrus
documents. Ancient Egyptian fished in small reed ships Nile perch, catfish and eels, and used woven nets, weir
baskets, harpoons, and hook and line to catch them. The first metal barbed fish hooks appeared during the
12th dynasty.
Ancient Greeks considered fisherman of very low status so that they depicted them in art. Despite of this,
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, has a Greek wine cup from 500 BC that shows a boy that crouches on a rock
and has a fishing rod in his hand and a fish trap in water below him. Basically – all civilizations that lived near
the water have developed some forms of fishing and relied on fish as a part of their diet to some extent.

There are 3 branches of fishery and they are follows:

1. Fish Culture – the human effort of raising the maximum productivity of fish and other fishery aquatic
products and maintaining the supply of these products to satisfy human needs.
2. Fish Capture – branch of fishery science deals with the scientific method of catching fish as well and
the type of fishing gear used.
3. Fish Preservation – branch of fishery science that deals with the scientific method of preserving fish
and other fishery aquatic products to prevent spoilage.

Fish Culture

Fish culture is an art and science of raising, rearing and propagating of fish and other aquatic products under
controlled or semi-controlled environment. It is primarily practice for the support and sustenance to human
needs for consumption.
Fish Cultivation simply means the rearing of fish and other aquatic products from very young stage like fry and
fingerlings, to marketable size.
  Extensive Fish Farming
The fish feed entirely from the food web within the pond, which may be enhanced by the addition of the fertilizer
or manure.

 Intensive Fish Farming

The fish are kept at too high a stocking density to obtain significant amount of feed from their environment.

Fish Conservation is the public control and various maintenances of the various fisheries where fish and other
fishery products are deprived. It work should be designed to insure maximum sustainable yield of fish.
Fish Capture

Fish Capture is a rule or principle of capturing or operating methods of fish and carried out distinct means with
some regularity. It includes the fishing gears, technologies and equipments for systematic capturing.

Fish Preservation

It is any operation that can prevent or inhibit the natural process of breakdown or decomposition taking place in
the fish. It is known as fish processing.

Lesson 3: MORPHOLOGY OF COMMON FISH – ITS

PARTS AND FUNCTIONS
 1. Operculum/gill cover - part of the fish that covers the gills

2. Scales - part of the fish that cover the body

3. Lateral lines - lines along the body of the fish used to help the fish adapt itself to its new environment.
4. Fins - part of the fish that used for swimming, balancing and propelling in water
5. Eyes - part of the fish that used for seeing
6. Mouth - part of the fish that used for swallowing objects, particularly food
7. Anus - part of the fish that serves as an excretory organ of the fish where the waste matter coming
from the body of fish passes out
8. Caudal Peduncle - part of the fish that connect the body
9. Nostril - part of the fish that used for smelling
10. Vent - The openning between the anus and the anal fin where the fish will excrete either eggs or
sperm.

Spine - the primary

structural framework upon which the fish’s body is built. Spinal cord - the part that connects the brain to the rest
of the body and relays sensory information from the body to the brain, as well as instruction from the brain to
the rest of the body.
Brain - the control center of the fish where both automatic functions and higher behaviours occur.

Lateral line - one of the fish’s primary sense organs.

Swim or Air Bladder - a hollow, gas-filled balance organ that allows a fish to conserve energy by
maintaining neutral buoyancy in water.

Kidney - filters liquid waste materials from the blood.

Stomach and intestines - break down food and absorb nutrients

Pyloric caeca - finger like projection located near the functions of the stomach and the Intestine

Liver - it assists digestion by secreting enzymes that break down fats, and also serves as storage area for fats
and carbohydrates.

Heart - circulates blood throughout the body.

Muscle - provide movement and locomotion.

Gonad - hormone-secreting sexual gland of a fish

Fish Scales Tell the Age of a Fish

Types of Fish Scales

Placoid - It resembles a miniature tooth called denticles. Ex. shark scales

Cycloid - It is oval or circular in outline and has a smooth and exposed rear edge.

Ctenoid – It is scales that have a rear edges made of small brush-like spines or comb liked teeth. Ex. Scales of
perch, pongies and bass.
Ganoid – It is a four- sided plate that fits closely against adjacent plates without overlapping.

Parts of Gills

Diagrammic Representation of Two Forms of Fish Gills

1. Gills Filaments - used for exchange of gases such as

oxygen and carbon dioxide

2. Gills Arch - used for support and passing for

blood to and the gill filaments

3. Gill Rakers - used for straining food from the water