SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Genetically Modified
Group 1
Gadugdug, Jellian
Lana, Hadaza Rica
Magsadia, Apphia Aubrey
Organisms (GMOs)
Moral, Rosemarie
Nening, Junly Khate
Orit, Ma. Oretha Shane
Reyes, Anne Patryz
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
Genetically Modified Organisms are organisms whose genetic material/s have been
manipulated, modified or altered in a laboratory or test tube using the techniques of genetic
engineering.
Include genes from plants, animals, bacteria and viruses that were combined or crossbred.
GMO is synonymous with the term ‘Genetic Engineering, Recombinant DNA, and Gene Splicing.
Being used in food and medicines.
GMOs are known because of the following reasons:
used for scientific research to create new species and human diseases.
to produce industrial products
creating improved crops
producing products intended for human’s therapeutic use
enhancing the quality of food and its production
improving animal health
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
HISTORY OF GMO
1973 1975 1982
30,000 BCE Boyer & Cohen Asilomar Conference sets FDA approves Humulin, the first 1995 2000
Artificial selection of develop Genetic guidelines for future GE pharmaceutical manufactured U.S EPA approves the first Golden Rice engineered to
wolves began Engineering (GE) experiments. using GE technology insecticide-producing crop mitigate Vitamin A deficiency.
7,800 BCE 1974 1980 1992 1996 2009
Oldest evidence of Jaenisch & Mintz U.S. Supreme Court allows FLAVR SAVR Tomatoes become Herbicide-resistant The pharmaceutical ATryn
artificially selected crops. create first GE animal patenting of GE organisms. first GE food crop approved by U.S crops first introduced becomes the first biological
Department of Agriculture produced by a GE animal to be
approved by the U.S FDA.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
PRODUCTION OF GMOs
Produced using genetic engineering
Genetic Engineering
process of modifying or altering the genetic makeup of an organism using
recombinant DNA.
STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS OF MAKING A GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM
1. Identify - the first thing that scientists do is to identify the gene with the desired trait.
2. Copy - isolate and make a copy of that gene
3. Insert - scientist will make use of a device to insert the copied gene into the DNA of the
target organism.
4. Grow - final step is for the scientist to grow and develop with the new trait.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
ADVANTAGE OF GMO DISADVANTAGE OF GMO
Reduce the use of pesticides and other toxic chemicals. Unacceptable to some groups of
Improves the nutritional value of food. individual to copy their genes or other
Desired characteristics of food are acquired faster and in species genes. * Production of GMOs
a short period of time. interferes in food chain.
Sick people or people with medical conditions rely on GM animals tend to suffer more health
GMO for medicines. problems.
Best solution to the problem of the world which is hunger GMOs can provide allergic reactions to
because of its ability to produce food in a short period. both animals and humans.
Creation of species that is resistant to pesticides. Production of GMOs can lead to
Helps in the process of remediation in cleaning up waste genetic pollution.
and pollution with the help of living organisms.
GMOs are used to treat genetic disorders and cancers.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
ISSUES ON GMO
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). The concept of gene altering has initiated many debates, with one
side criticising the unknown effects and risks on both public health and the environment, and the other
supporting the genetic modification's benefits on economy and hunger elimination.
Possible risks of using genetically modified products:
Risks to Human Health - There may be allergenic effects - especially in people who are predisposed to
allergies - or other adverse effects on human health. Experimental studies in animals have shown weight
gain, changes in the pancreas and kidneys, toxic effects to the immune system, changes in blood
biochemistry among other effects
Resistance to Antibiotics - We must note from the outset that the use of antibiotic-resistant genes has
stopped in most mutated products. The main problem now lies in the widespread use of antibiotics in feed
which, as a natural consequence, end up in the human body through the consumption of dairy products and
meat, and thus create resistant germs in the human digestive system.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
Herbicide use - Most GMO crops are resistant to herbicides, such as Roundup, so farmers may use
herbicides to kill surrounding weeds without damage to their crops. But roundup and its active
ingredient glyphosate are subject to controversy because animal and test-tube studies have linked
them to various diseases.
Contamination - Contamination from Genetically Modified plants has serious ecological, economic
and social impacts. Gene flow from GM crops poses a threat to wild and weedy crop relatives, non-GM
crops and foods, and organic farming.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Environmental hazards are threats to people and the things we value. They have many different
origins, yet we normally think of hazards as occurring as a consequence of the interaction between
natural systems, technological systems, and human systems.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7164548
GMOs: Pros and Cons, Backed by Evidence
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
Some common hazards include:
Air contaminants - Toxic or hazardous materials discharged to the air from processing or
manufacturing activities are a major pollutant.
Dust - Dust can cause serious health complications, especially to respiratory and
cardiovascular systems (including the heart and lungs), and can irritate eyes, throat and
skin. It can also harm plants, animals and ecosystems.
Fire and explosion emissions - Fires and explosions can be an immediate threat to human
life and property. They can produce contaminated runoff and toxic smoke, and spread
dust.
Erosion and sediment - Erosion and sediment can cause pollution and contamination in
waterways, to air, native plants and animals, as well as creating conditions that bring about
floods.
Common hazards | Environment Protection Authority Victoria
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